Download or read book Spectroscopic Ellipsometry written by Harland G. Tompkins and published by Momentum Press. This book was released on 2015-12-16 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ellipsometry is an experimental technique for determining the thickness and optical properties of thin films. It is ideally suited for films ranging in thickness from sub-nanometer to several microns. Spectroscopic measurements have greatly expanded the capabilities of this technique and introduced its use into all areas where thin films are found: semiconductor devices, flat panel and mobile displays, optical coating stacks, biological and medical coatings, protective layers, and more. While several scholarly books exist on the topic, this book provides a good introduction to the basic theory of the technique and its common applications. The target audience is not the ellipsometry scholar, but process engineers and students of materials science who are experts in their own fields and wish to use ellipsometry to measure thin film properties without becoming an expert in ellipsometry itself.

Download or read book Infrared Detectors and Emitters Materials and Devices written by Peter Capper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An up-to-date view of the various detector/emitter materials systems currently in use or being actively researched. The book is aimed at newcomers and those already working in the IR industry. It provides both an introductory text and a valuable overview of the entire field.

Download or read book Nanotechnology Research Directions IWGN Workshop Report written by R.S. Williams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: energy production, environmental management, transportation, communication, computation, and education. As the twenty-first century unfolds, nanotechnology's impact on the health, wealth, and security of the world's people is expected to be at least as significant as the combined influences in this century of antibiotics, the integrated circuit, and human-made polymers. Dr. Neal Lane, Advisor to the President for Science and Technology and former National Science Foundation (NSF) director, stated at a Congressional hearing in April 1998, "If I were asked for an area of science and engineering that will most likely produce the breakthroughs of tomorrow, I would point to nanoscale science and engineering. " Recognizing this potential, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) have issued a joint memorandum to Federal agency heads that identifies nanotechnology as a research priority area for Federal investment in fiscal year 2001. This report charts "Nanotechnology Research Directions," as developed by the Interagency W orking Group on Nano Science, Engineering, and Technology (IWGN) of the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC). The report incorporates the views of leading experts from government, academia, and the private sector. It reflects the consensus reached at an IWGN-sponsored workshop held on January 27-29, 1999, and detailed in contributions submitted thereafter by members of the V. S. science and engineering community. (See Appendix A for a list of contributors.

Download or read book Silicon Photonics written by Graham T. Reed and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-05-23 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon photonics is currently a very active and progressive area of research, as silicon optical circuits have emerged as the replacement technology for copper-based circuits in communication and broadband networks. The demand for ever improving communications and computing performance continues, and this in turn means that photonic circuits are finding ever increasing application areas. This text provides an important and timely overview of the ‘hot topics’ in the field, covering the various aspects of the technology that form the research area of silicon photonics. With contributions from some of the world’s leading researchers in silicon photonics, this book collates the latest advances in the technology. Silicon Photonics: the State of the Art opens with a highly informative foreword, and continues to feature: the integrated photonic circuit; silicon photonic waveguides; photonic bandgap waveguides; mechanisms for optical modulation in silicon; silicon based light sources; optical detection technologies for silicon photonics; passive silicon photonic devices; photonic and electronic integration approaches; applications in communications and sensors. Silicon Photonics: the State of the Art covers the essential elements of the entire field that is silicon photonics and is therefore an invaluable text for photonics engineers and professionals working in the fields of optical networks, optical communications, and semiconductor electronics. It is also an informative reference for graduate students studying for PhD in fibre optics, integrated optics, optical networking, microelectronics, or telecommunications.

Download or read book Ultrafast Photonics written by A. Miller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-22 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrafast photonics has become an interdisciplinary topic of high international research interest because of the spectacular development of compact and efficient lasers producing optical pulses with durations in the femtosecond time domain. Present day long-haul telecommunications systems are almost entirely based on the transmission of short burst

Download or read book Hyperbolic Metamaterials written by Igor I Smolyaninov and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2018-03-23 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hyperbolic metamaterials were originally introduced to overcome the diffraction limit of optical imaging. Soon thereafter it was realized that hyperbolic metamaterials demonstrate a number of novel phenomena resulting from the broadband singular behavior of their density of photonic states. These novel phenomena and applications include super resolution imaging, new stealth technologies, enhanced quantum-electrodynamic effects, thermal hyperconductivity, superconductivity, and interesting gravitation theory analogs. Here I review typical material systems, which exhibit hyperbolic behavior and outline important new applications of hyperbolic metamaterials, such as imaging experiments with plasmonic hyperbolic metamaterials and novel VCSEL geometries, in which the Bragg mirrors may be engineered in such a way that they exhibit hyperbolic properties in the long wavelength infrared range, so that they may be used to efficiently remove excess heat from the laser cavity. I will also discuss potential applications of self-assembled photonic hypercrystals. This system bypasses 3D nanofabrication issues, which typically limit hyperbolic metamaterial applications. Photonic hypercrystals combine the most interesting features of hyperbolic metamaterials and photonic crystals.

Download or read book MEMS and MOEMS Technology and Applications written by P. Rai-Choudhury and published by SPIE Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The silicon age that led the computer revolution has significantly changed the world. The next 30 years will see the incorporation of new types of functionality onto the chip-structures that will enable the chip to reason, to sense, to act and to communicate. Micromachining technologies offer a wide range of possibilities for active and passive devices. Recent developments have produced sensors, actuators and optical systems. Many of these technologies are based on surface micromachining, which has evolved from silicon integrated circuit technology. This book is written by experts in the field. It contains useful details in design and processing and can be utilized as a reference book or as a textbook.

Download or read book Surface Plasmon Nanophotonics written by Mark L. Brongersma and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-09-18 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses a new class of photonic devices, known as surface plasmon nanophotonic structures. The book highlights several exciting new discoveries, while providing a clear discussion of the underlying physics, the nanofabrication issues, and the materials considerations involved in designing plasmonic devices with new functionality. Chapters written by the leaders in the field of plasmonics provide a solid background to each topic.

Download or read book Micro Energy Harvesting written by Danick Briand and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its inclusion of the fundamentals, systems and applications, this reference provides readers with the basics of micro energy conversion along with expert knowledge on system electronics and real-life microdevices. The authors address different aspects of energy harvesting at the micro scale with a focus on miniaturized and microfabricated devices. Along the way they provide an overview of the field by compiling knowledge on the design, materials development, device realization and aspects of system integration, covering emerging technologies, as well as applications in power management, energy storage, medicine and low-power system electronics. In addition, they survey the energy harvesting principles based on chemical, thermal, mechanical, as well as hybrid and nanotechnology approaches. In unparalleled detail this volume presents the complete picture -- and a peek into the future -- of micro-powered microsystems.

Download or read book Polarization Effects in Semiconductors written by Debdeep Jena and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polarization Effects in Semiconductors: From Ab Initio Theory to Device Applications presents the latest understanding of the solid state physics, electronic implications and practical applications of the unique spontaneous or pyro-electric polarization charge of wurtzite compound semiconductors, and associated piezo-electric effects in strained thin film heterostructures. These heterostructures are used in wide band gap semiconductor based sensors, in addition to various electronic and opto-electronic semiconductor devices. The book covers the ab initio theory of polarization in cubic and hexagonal semiconductors, growth of thin film GaN, GaN/AlGaN GaAlN/ AlGaInN, and other nitrides, and SiC heterostructures. It discusses the effects of spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization on band diagrams and electronic properties of abrupt and compositionally graded heterostructures, electronic characterization of polarization-induced charge distributions by scanning-probe spectroscopies, and gauge factors and strain effects. In addition, polarization in extended defects, piezo-electric strain/charge engineering, and application to device design and processing are covered. The effects of polarization on the fundamental electron transport properties, and on the basic optical transitions are described. The crucial role of polarization in devices such as high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is covered. The chapters are authored by professors and researchers in the fields of physics, applied physics and electrical engineering, who worked for 5 years under the "Polarization Effects in Semiconductors" DOD funded Multi Disciplinary University Research Initiative. This book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers working in the field of wide-bandgap semiconductor physics and their device applications. It will also be useful for practicing engineers in the field of wide-bandgap semiconductor device research and development.

Download or read book Microwave Discharges written by Carlos M. Ferreira and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a NATO ARW held in Vimeiro, Portugal, May 11-15, 1992

Download or read book III Nitride Based Light Emitting Diodes and Applications written by Tae-Yeon Seong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are already used in traffic signals, signage lighting, and automotive applications. However, its ultimate goal is to replace traditional illumination through LED lamps since LED lighting significantly reduces energy consumption and cuts down on carbon-dioxide emission. Despite dramatic advances in LED technologies (e.g., growth, doping and processing technologies), however, there remain critical issues for further improvements yet to be achieved for the realization of solid-state lighting. This book aims to provide the readers with some contemporary LED issues, which have not been comprehensively discussed in the published books and, on which the performance of LEDs is seriously dependent. For example, most importantly, there must be a breakthrough in the growth of high-quality nitride semiconductor epitaxial layers with a low density of dislocations, in particular, in the growth of Al-rich and and In-rich GaN-based semiconductors. The materials quality is directly dependent on the substrates used, such as sapphire, Si, etc. In addition, efficiency droop, growth on different orientations and polarization are also important. Chip processing and packaging technologies are key issues. This book presents a comprehensive review of contemporary LED issues. Given the interest and importance of future research in nitride semiconducting materials and solid state lighting applications, the contents are very timely. The book is composed of chapters written by leading researchers in III-nitride semiconducting materials and device technology. This book will be of interest to scientists and engineers working on LEDs for lighting applications. Postgraduate researchers working on LEDs will also benefit from the issues this book provides.

Download or read book Nanoscience with Liquid Crystals written by Quan Li and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-17 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the exciting topic of nanoscience with liquid crystals: from self-organized nanostructures to applications. The elegant self-organized liquid crystalline nanostructures, the synergetic characteristics of liquid crystals and nanoparticles, liquid crystalline nanomaterials, synthesis of nanomaterials using liquid crystals as templates, nanoconfinement and nanoparticles of liquid crystals are covered and discussed, and the prospect of fabricating functional materials is highlighted. Contributions, collecting the scattered literature of the field from leading and active players, are compiled to make the book a reference book. Readers will find the book useful and of benefit both as summaries for works in this field and as tutorials and explanations of concepts for those just entering the field. Additionally, the book helps to stimulate future developments.

Download or read book Nonlinear Tunable and Active Metamaterials written by Ilya V. Shadrivov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metamaterials, artificial electromagnetic media achieved by structuring on the subwave-length-scale were initially suggested for the negative index and superlensing. They became a paradigm for engineering electromagnetic space and controlling propagation of waves. The research agenda is now shifting on achieving tuneable, switchable, nonlinear and sensing functionalities. The time has come to talk about the emerging research field of metadevices employing active and tunable metamaterials with unique functionalities achieved by structuring of functional matter on the subwave-length scale. This book presents the first systematic and comprehensive summary of the reviews written by the pioneers and top-class experts in the field of metamaterials. It addresses many grand challenges of the cutting edge research for creating smaller and more efficient photonic structures and devices.

Download or read book 6th International Conference on Advancements of Medicine and Health Care through Technology 17 20 October 2018 Cluj Napoca Romania written by Simona Vlad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the contributions of the 6th International Conference on Advancements of Medicine and Health Care through Technology – MediTech 2018, held between 17 – 20 October 2018 in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The papers of this Proceedings volume present new developments in : - Health Care Technology - Medical Devices, Measurement and Instrumentation - Medical Imaging, Image and Signal Processing - Modeling and Simulation - Molecular Bioengineering - Biomechanics

Download or read book Electromagnetic Metamaterials written by Christophe Caloz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-11-22 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electromagnetic metamaterials-from fundamental physics to advanced engineering applications This book presents an original generalized transmission line approach associated with non-resonant structures that exhibit larger bandwidths, lower loss, and higher design flexibility. It is based on the novel concept of composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line metamaterials (MMs), which has led to the development of novel guided-wave, radiated-wave, and refracted-wave devices and structures. The authors introduced this powerful new concept and are therefore able to offer readers deep insight into the fundamental physics needed to fully grasp the technology. Moreover, they provide a host of practical engineering applications. The book begins with an introductory chapter that places resonant type and transmission line metamaterials in historical perspective. The next six chapters give readers a solid foundation in the fundamentals and practical applications: Fundamentals of LH MMs describes the fundamental physics and exotic properties of left-handed metamaterials TL Theory of MMs establishes the foundations of CRLH structures in three progressive steps: ideal transmission line, LC network, and real distributed structure Two-Dimensional MMs develops both a transmission matrix method and a transmission line method to address the problem of finite-size 2D metamaterials excited by arbitrary sources Guided-Wave Applications and Radiated-Wave Applications present a number of groundbreaking applications developed by the authors The Future of MMs sets forth an expert view on future challenges and prospects This engineering approach to metamaterials paves the way for a new generation of microwave and photonic devices and structures. It is recommended for electrical engineers, as well as physicists and optical engineers, with an interest in practical negative refractive index structures and materials.

Download or read book Optical Interconnects written by Ray T. Chen and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes fully embedded board level optical interconnect in detail including the fabrication of the thin-film VCSEL array, its characterization, thermal management, the fabrication of optical interconnection layer, and the integration of devices on a flexible waveguide film. All the optical components are buried within electrical PCB layers in a fully embedded board level optical interconnect. Therefore, we can save foot prints on the top real estate of the PCB and relieve packaging difficulty reduced by separating fabrication processes. To realize fully embedded board level optical interconnects, many stumbling blocks need to be addressed such as thin-film transmitter and detector, thermal management, process compatibility, reliability, cost effective fabrication process, and easy integration. The material presented eventually will relieve such concerns and make the integration of optical interconnection highly feasible. The hybrid integration of the optical interconnection layer and electrical layers is ongoing.