Download or read book Revolving Algal Biofilm System a Novel Tertiary Wastewater Treatment and Its Impact on Nutrient Removal and Microbial Activity written by Cassandra E. Ceballos and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The potential of a novel tertiary treatment to reduce total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) in wastewater was assessed. Two revolving algal biofilm (RAB) systems, on which algae grew on vertical belts that rotated through wastewater tanks, were used to treat wastewater that had undergone secondary treatment at the O’Brien Water Reclamation Plant (WRP) in Skokie, Illinois. The 10-ft system treatment used a single 10-ft tall belt in one tank and the series system used four separate belts each in their own tank. TP and TN removal efficiencies were calculated for each RAB system. Diatom algae were sampled biweekly from January - July 2021 and identified by light microscopy and the relative abundance of each species calculated. Chlorophyll a, ash-free dry mass, and diatom biovolume were also measured, to estimate the biomass produced by each system. Utilization of carbon substrates by microbial communities in wastewater were measured with Biolog Ecoplates. TN was not reduced by either RAB system, but TP was significantly reduced by the series system. Multivariate linear regression modeling found that chlorophyll a, ash free dry mass, and microbial activity were significant factors in TP removal in the series system. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) revealed that the diatom community changed over time, with species such as Sellaphora saugeressii, Nitzschia palea, and Navicula cryptocephala being dominant from January - April and taxa such as Discostella spp. and Gomphonema parvulum becoming more abundant from May - July. Neither RAB system impacted the functional diversity of microbes, but total microbial activity increased as a result of the RAB treatments. These findings show that the series RAB system is superior to the 10-ft system, and can serve as a tertiary treatment to further reduce TP in wastewater effluent."--

Download or read book Algal Technologies for Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery written by Raul Muñoz and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 80% of globally produced wastewater receives little or no treatment before it is disposed into the environment. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new wastewater treatment technologies that are sustainable in the broad sense of the word, i.e. not only produce high quality effluents, but also minimise energy expenses, recover energy and nutrients, and apply technology that is appropriate in relation to the availability of skilled personnel. This book compiles the main outcomes of recent efforts to improve the design of waste stabilisation ponds, and confirms the superior performance of high rate algal ponds as a result of process intensification. Anaerobic digestion devoted to biogas production continues to be the preferred strategy for the energy valorisation of the algal biomass, co-digestion with multiple high C/N ratio substrates gathering significant attention over the past years. The potential of algal biomass as a biosorbent for heavy metal removal (Cu, Ni, F) maintains its share in the research field of water bioremediation, while research on nutrient removal has focused on providing new insights on the mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater in algal–bacterial systems. Finally, it is worth noticing that breakthroughs in complementary fields of research such as nanotechnology or lighting technology are gradually being implemented in algal biotechnology, with new products such as nanoparticles for water disinfection or photobioreactors illuminated by low intensity LED panels. In Focus – a book series that showcases the latest accomplishments in water research. Each book focuses on a specialist area with papers from top experts in the field. It aims to be a vehicle for in-depth understanding and inspire further conversations in the sector.

Download or read book Gu a alfab tica de la contribuci n industrial y de comercio en Puerto Rico written by and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wastewater Treatment with Algae written by Yuk Shan Kwong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together environmental scientists and engineers to discuss the development of new approaches and methodologies which utilize microalgae for biological wastewater treatment. The researchers report their recent findings on microalgal removal of nutrients, heavy metals and other organic pollutants from sewage and industrial effluents. The technologies discussed here include biosorption and bioaccumulation of heavy metals, cell immobilization of algae, and mathematical modelling of metal uptake by cells. This book is unique in that it takes a practical approach to the subject matter and is a useful reference both in and outside of the laboratory.

Download or read book Microalgae in Waste Water Remediation written by Arun Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microalgae in Waste Water Remediation aims to point out trends and current topics concerning the use of microalgae in wastewater treatment and to identify potential paths for future research regarding microalgaebased bioremediation. To achieve this goal, the book also assessing and analyzes the topics that attract attention among the scientific community and their evolution through time. This book will be useful to the students, scientists and policy makers concerned with the microalgae mediated management of wastewater effluents and its applications in overall future sustainable development.

Download or read book Application of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment written by Sanjay Kumar Gupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume work presents comprehensive, accurate information on the present status and contemporary development in phycoremediation of various types of domestic and industrial wastewaters. The volume covers a mechanistic understanding of microalgae based treatment of wastewaters, including current challenges in the treatment of various organic and inorganic pollutants, and future opportunities of bioremediation of wastewater and industrial effluents on an algal platform. The editors compile the work of authors from around the globe, providing insight on key issues and state-of-the-art developments in algal bioremediation that is missing from the currently available body of literature. The volume hopes to serve as a much needed resource for professors, researchers and scientists interested in microalgae applications for wastewater treatment. Volume 2 addresses the various biorefinery aspects and applications of algal-based wastewater treatment in industrial and domestic contexts. The analyses are approached from multiple perspectives, including biotechnology, commercial, economic, and sustainability. The authors discuss the potential of microalgae for integrated biomass production utilizing various resources to treat wastewaters, and include evaluations of the economical and commercialization potential for such processes.

Download or read book The Role of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment written by Lala Behari Sukla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-03 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the most emerging aspects of algal research with special reference to microalgae viz; diversity, mutations, genomics and metagenomics study, eco-physiology, culturing, microalgae for food and feed, biofuel production, harvesting of microalgae, separation, and purification of biochemicals, techno-economical assessment, microalgal biotechnology, algal-bacterial systems for wastewater treatment. It describes the complex issues associated with the above-mentioned areas with the intervention of cutting-edge biotechnological tools and techniques like next-generation sequencing methods, metabolomics, and bioreactor design and development. The chapters provide past developments, current information and future prospects of algal technology as an alternate avenue for waste water treatment and its potential for production of biofuel and nutraceuticals.

Download or read book Evaluating the Impact of Algal Biomass Augmentation on Primary Solids Fermentation and Associated Impacts of Fermenter Liquor on a Novel Post anoxic Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Process written by Taylor Mackey Romenesko and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) must be removed from wastewater to sustain the water quality of receiving bodies. In this regard, algae can be utilized to achieve tertiary wastewater treatment, removing residual N and P; moreover, algae production creates opportunities to enhance overall water resource recovery facility productivity. Research evaluated an integrated fermenter-biological nutrient removal (BNR) process, integrating algae cultured on secondary effluent. It was hypothesized that algae recycled to the fermenter would increase volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. VFAs are critical for BNR stability; however, concurrent addition of N and P (from the algal biomass) could stress the BNR system. Surprisingly, addition of algae decreased VFA production and consumed ammonia, seemingly due to heterotrophic algae growth in the fermenter. Conversely, the BNR system realized no effect from the algal biomass recycling; P removal was consistent with and without algae, while less efficient nitrification but more efficient denitrification was realized.

Download or read book Application of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment written by Sanjay Kumar Gupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume work presents comprehensive, accurate information on the present status and contemporary development in phycoremediation of various types of domestic and industrial wastewaters. The volume covers a mechanistic understanding of microalgae based treatment of wastewaters, including current challenges in the treatment of various organic and inorganic pollutants, and future opportunities of bioremediation of wastewater and industrial effluents on an algal platform. The editors compile the work of authors from around the globe, providing insight on key issues and state-of-the-art developments in algal bioremediation that is missing from the currently available body of literature. The volume hopes to serve as a much needed resource for professors, researchers and scientists interested in microalgae applications for wastewater treatment. Volume 1 focuses on the different aspects of domestic and industrial wastewater treatment by microalgae. The case studies include examples such as genetic technologies as well as the development and efficient use of designer consortia for enhanced utilization of microalgae. This volume provides thorough and comprehensive information on removal of persistent and highly toxic contaminants such as heavy metals, organic pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, endocrine disruptors, pharmaceutical compounds, and dyes from wastewater by microalgae, diatoms, and blue-green algae. Design considerations for algal ponds and efficient use of photobioreactors and HRAPs for wastewater treatment are some other highlights. This volume addresses the applications, potentials, and future opportunities for these various considerations in water pollution mitigation using algal technologies.

Download or read book Algal Biofilm Production and Harvesting System for Wastewater Treatment with Biofuels By products written by Logan Christenson and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excess nitrogen and phosphorus in discharged wastewaters can lead to downstream eutrophication, ecosystem damage, and impaired water quality that may affect human health. Chemical-based and physical-based technologies are available to remove these nutrients; however, they often consume significant amounts of energy and chemicals, greatly increasing treatment costs. Algae are capable of removing these pollutants through biomass assimilation, and if harvested, can be utilized as a feedstock for biomethane or biodiesel production. Currently, difficulties in harvesting, concentrating, and dewatering algae have limited the development of an economically feasible treatment and production process. When algae are grown as surface-attached biofilms, the biomass is naturally concentrated and more easily harvested, leading to less expensive removal from treated water, and less expensive downstream processing for biofuel production. In this study, a novel algal biofilm production and harvesting system was designed, built, and tested. Key growth parameters were optimized in order to maximize biomass production and nutrient uptake from wastewater. Compared to suspended algae systems, the attached algal biofilm design of this study led to increased biomass production and greater treatment of domestic wastewater. An efficient and inexpensive algal biofilm harvesting technique was also developed in order to obtain a concentrated biosolids product, resulting in improved water quality and a feedstock suitable for further processing in the production of biofuels.

Download or read book Microbial Biofilms in Bioremediation and Wastewater Treatment written by Y.V. Nancharaiah and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-18 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofilms represent the natural living style of microbial communities and play a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycles and natural attenuation. Biofilms can be engineered for biodegradation and biotransformation of organic and inorganic contaminants, for both in situ bioremediation and ex situ treatment in bioreactors. This book focuses on microbial biofilms and their potential technological applications for sustainable development. It covers recent advances in biofilm technologies for contaminant remediation coupled to recovery of resources and serves as a complete reference on the science and technology behind biofilm mediated bioremediation and wastewater treatment.

Download or read book Algae Based Biofilm Productivity and Treatment of Dairy Wastewater written by Zachary T. Fica and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Production of dairy and associated products is a source of millions of gallons of wastewater every year. Water used in cleaning feeding stalls as well as the liquid component of the animal waste are two of the major volumetric components of this wastewater. This water is nutrient rich, often limiting the viability as a land applied fertilizer. However, these same nutrients could be used as an inexpensive feedstock for the cultivation of algae, which can then be used to produce downstream products including animal feed and aquaculture. As part of this study, algal biomass was cultivated on dairy wastewater from the Utah State University Caine Dairy. A Rotating Algal Biofilm Reactor (RABR) system was used to grow the biomass. The RABR is a biofilm technology designed and developed at Utah State University and has been applied to the treatment of municipal wastewater. In this study, the RABR was adapted for use in a dairy wastewater stream. The RABR was operated at temperatures ranging from 7-27 ℗ʻC, and organic carbon levels in the wastewater ranged from 300-1200 mg/L of Total Organic Carbon (TOC). Areal algal biofilm growth rates were calculated, and statistical analysis showed that both increasing temperature and levels of organic carbon contributed to an increase in biomass growth and an increase in nutrient removal. Equations were then developed using a linearization method and corresponding constants and equations were generated that can be used to evaluate algal biomass productivity and nutrient removal rates in future experiments and designs for dairy wastewater.

Download or read book Algal Wastewater Treatment and Biofuel Production written by John Chamberlin and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to move towards a more sustainable future, human civilization will need to decrease its impacts on air and water quality and minimize consumption of fossil fuels. Using algae for wastewater treatment and biofuel production offers one approach to progress towards these goals simultaneously. Algae are capable of removing nutrients from wastewater and carbon dioxide from the air, and the biomass formed in that process can be used to generate a wide-range of products including fertilizer or fuels that could power combustion engines, power plants, or zero-emission fuel cell vehicles. Using wastewater for biofuel production has the potential to lower biofuel costs and environmental impacts as it provides an existing, free source of nutrients and water. Growing algae during the wastewater treatment process further improves the effluent quality, thus helping prevent eutrophication and costly dead zones in downstream ecosystems. Maximizing the benefits of algal wastewater treatment and biofuel production will require optimizing total nutrient removal, biomass production, and lipid content of the biomass; a complicated problem given that many algal species known for high nutrient removal and lipid production are easily suspended single-celled microalgae that are difficult to harvest efficiently by gravity. In wastewater treatment, growing pure cultures of single-species algae is not practical, so positive and negative impacts of growing algae in the presence of endogenous microbial communities should be evaluated. This dissertation seeks to move algal wastewater treatment forward by improving our understanding of the roles of species composition and nutrient availability on nutrient removal, lipid and biomass production, and settling; and by assessing alternative methods used to quantify algal productivity in order to improve future research. In comparison with traditional quantification methods, alternative methods investigated provided reliable results for a range of algal species and concentrations, with significantly less sample volume, reagents and processing time. For the nutrient and species experiments, Chlorella vulgaris was grown in real and synthetic wastewater and in combination with other algal species and endogenous wastewater microbial communities. Multiple synergistic effects were observed from mixing species with implications that could improve both secondary and tertiary treatment of wastewater while providing biofuel feedstocks.

Download or read book Coupling Algae Biofilm Cultivation with Wastewater Treatment for Sustainable Biomass Production and Nutrient Recycling written by Daniel Martin Campbell and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this study was to model the transport phenomena through which algal biofilms are able to recover nutrients contained within secondarily treated wastewater and to gauge the potential of hydrothermal liquefaction process water as a viable nutrient source. The cultivation of algae in the form of biofilms has shown promise due to this technique's greater energy return on investment during cultivation. These biofilms are known to be nutrient transport limited, thus an understanding of the phenomena associated with nutrient transport into algal biofilms is necessary for the optimized design and effective implementation of fixed cultivation techniques. This thesis reports a numerical study that investigates the transport of dissolved nutrients from wastewater into biofilms and an experimental study of the suitability of hydrothermal liquefaction process water as a nutrient source for algal cultivation. For the numerical study, the biofilm is modeled as a flat surface whose composition and growth characteristics were obtained from values in the literature. The fluid over the biofilm is modeled as a one-dimensional flow over a flat surface. The transport of dissolved nutrients was assumed to be diffusion dominated into the biofilm and was described through Fick's law. A novel derivation of the concentration boundary layer was demonstrated for use in a fully developed, thin fluid layer. The areal algal productivity and the nutrient removal rate by the biofilm were determined using the generated model and were validated against the literature data. The results showed that biofilm productivity and nutrient removal rates are highly sensitive to the presence of boundary layers, with a nearly order of magnitude decrease in productivity within the first meter of the modeled reactor. Finally, a parametric study on the effects of fluid velocity and depth on nutrient removal rates was performed. The study indicated the nutrient uptake rates increased by 24% with a 50% reduction in fluid depth and increased by 118% with a ten-fold increase in fluid velocity In the second part of this thesis, nitrate and phosphate concentrations in the process water of hydrothermal liquefaction of municipal biosolids were determined by ion chromatography to gauge its potential as a nutrient medium for algal cultivation. A parametric study on the effect of process conditions with the intent of determining the best nutrient source for algal cultivation indicated that the aqueous nutrient content was largely unaffected by heating rate, but was highly sensitive to the type of biosolid.

Download or read book Biofilms in Wastewater Treatment written by Stefan Wuertz and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2003-04-30 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central theme of the book is the flow of information from experimental approaches in biofilm research to simulation and modeling of complex wastewater systems. Probably the greatest challenge in wastewater research lies in using the methods and the results obtained in one scientific discipline to design intelligent experiments in other disciplines, and eventually to improve the knowledge base the practitioner needs to run wastewater treatment plants. The purpose of Biofilms in Wastewater Treatment is to provide engineers with the knowledge needed to apply the new insights gained by researchers. The authors provide an authoritative insight into the function of biofilms on a technical and on a lab-scale, cover some of the exciting new basic microbiological and wastewater engineering research involving molecular biology techniques and microscopy, and discuss recent attempts to predict the development of biofilms. This book is divided into 3 sections: Modeling and Simulation; Architecture, Population Structure and Function; and From Fundamentals to Practical Application, which all start with a scientific question. Individual chapters attempt to answer the question and present different angles of looking at problems. In addition there is an extensive glossary to familiarize the non-expert with unfamiliar terminology used by microbiologists and computational scientists. The colour plate section of this book can be downloaded by clicking here. (PDF Format 1 MB)

Download or read book Removal of Emerging Contaminants Through Microbial Processes written by Maulin P Shah and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-10-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The abundance of organic pollutants found in wastewater affect urban surface waters. Traditional wastewater management technologies focus on the removal of suspended solids, nutrients and bacteria, however, new pollutants such as synthetic or naturally occurring chemicals are often not monitored in the environment despite having the potential to enter the environment and cause adverse ecological and human health effects. Collectively referred to as "emerging contaminants," they are mostly derived from domestic activities and occur in trace concentrations ranging from pico to micrograms per liter. Environmental contaminants are resistant to conventional wastewater treatment processes and most of them remain unaffected, causing contamination of receiving water. This in turn leads to the need for advanced wastewater treatment processes capable of removing environmental contaminants to ensure safe fresh water sources. This book provides an up-to-date overview of the current bioremediation strategies, including their limitations, challenges and their potential application to remove environmental pollutants. It also introduces the latest trends and advances in environmental bioremediation, and presents the state-of-the-art in biological and chemical wastewater treatment processes. As such, it will appeal to researchers and policy-makers, as well as undergraduate and graduate environmental sciences students.

Download or read book Nanocatalysts in Biofuel Process Optimization written by Mohammad Rehan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: