Download or read book Retrieval of Soil Moisture Using Microwave Spaceborne written by Jyoti Sharma and published by A.K. Publications. This book was released on 2023-02-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Retrieval of soil moisture using microwave spaceborne refers to the measurement and estimation of the amount of water present in the soil using satellite-borne microwave radiometers. The microwave radiometry technology works by measuring the microwave radiation emitted by the soil surface, which is related to the soil moisture content. The data collected by these radiometers is then processed using algorithms to estimate the soil moisture content. Soil moisture information is crucial for a variety of applications, including weather prediction, drought monitoring, irrigation planning, vegetation monitoring, and water resource management. The ability to obtain soil moisture measurements on a large scale through spaceborne technology provides a powerful tool for improving our understanding of land surface processes and the water cycle. Spaceborne soil moisture retrieval has proven to be an effective method for monitoring soil moisture over large areas and has provided valuable information for numerous studies in hydrology, agriculture, and climate modeling. However, the accuracy of these estimates is dependent on several factors, including the calibration of the radiometer, the development of robust algorithms, and the availability of ground validation data. Ongoing research is focused on improving the accuracy of soil moisture retrieval from spaceborne microwave radiometers and increasing our understanding of the relationships between soil moisture and other land surface variables. Xray systems in medical science, laser scanning for atmospheric constituents, and sonar sounding of sea level. Remote sensing utilizes electromagnetic radiation as an information carrier from the target to the sensing device. It involves the interaction of electromagnetic radiations to the targeting object. The radiations, reflected, transmitted, or emitted by the object are captured by the sensors to find the target information. These sensors can be mounted on different platforms such as automotive vehicles, aircraft, rockets, hot air balloons, drones, space shuttles, and satellites. Remote sensing is part of countless possible innovations due to the roaming of the satellites around our Earth. Satellites play a crucial role in developing various technologies such as global mapping, GPS, urban planning, etc. The primary applications of remote sensing are the study of Earth's surface, Earth's atmosphere, LU/LC management, climate change monitoring, agriculture, drought, etc.
Download or read book Satellite Soil Moisture Retrieval written by Prashant K. Srivastava and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Satellite Soil Moisture Retrieval: Techniques and Applications offers readers a better understanding of the scientific underpinnings, development, and application of soil moisture retrieval techniques and their applications for environmental modeling and management, bringing together a collection of recent developments and rigorous applications of soil moisture retrieval techniques from optical and infrared datasets, such as the universal triangle method, vegetation indices based approaches, empirical models, and microwave techniques, particularly by utilizing earth observation datasets such as IRS III, MODIS, Landsat7, Landsat8, SMOS, AMSR-e, AMSR2 and the upcoming SMAP. Through its coverage of a wide variety of soil moisture retrieval applications, including drought, flood, irrigation scheduling, weather forecasting, climate change, precipitation forecasting, and several others, this is the first book to promote synergistic and multidisciplinary activities among scientists and users working in the hydrometeorological sciences. - Demystifies soil moisture retrieval and prediction - Links soil moisture retrieval techniques with new satellite missions for earth and environmental science oriented problems - Written to be accessible to a wider range of professionals with a common interest in geo-spatial techniques, remote sensing, sustainable water resource development, and earth and environmental issues
Download or read book Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar Remote Sensing written by Shashi Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-03-31 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides basic and advanced concepts of synthetic aperture radar (SAR), PolSAR, InSAR, PolInSAR, and all necessary information about various applications and analysis of data of multiple sensors. It includes information on SAR remote sensing, data processing, and separate applications of SAR technology, compiled in one place. It will help readers to use active microwave imaging sensor-based information in geospatial technology and applications. This book: Covers basic and advanced concepts of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) remote sensing Introduces spaceborne SAR sensors Discusses applications of SAR remote sensing in earth observation Explores utilization of SAR data for solid earth, ecosystem, and cryosphere, including imaging of extra-terrestrial bodies Includes PolSAR and PolInSAR for aboveground forest biomass retrieval, as well as InSAR and PolSAR for snow parameters retrieval This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in remote sensing, photogrammetry, geoscience, image processing, agriculture, environment, forestry, and image processing.
Download or read book Soil Moisture Estimation by Microwave Remote Sensing for Assimilation Into WATClass written by Damian Chi-Ho Kwok and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis examines the feasibility of assimilating space borne remotely-sensed microwave data into WATClass using the ensemble Kalman filter. WATClass is a meso-scale gridded hydrological model used to track water and energy budgets of watersheds by way of real-time remotely sensed data. By incorporating remotely-sensed soil moisture estimates into the model, the model's soil moisture estimates can be improved, thus increasing the accuracy of the entire model. Due to the differences in scale between the remotely sensed data and WATClass, and the need of ground calibration for accurate soil moisture estimation from current satellite-borne active microwave remote sensing platforms, the spatial variability of soil moisture must be determined in order to characterise the dependency between the remotely-sensed estimates and the model data and subsequently to assimilate the remotely-sensed data into the model. Two sets of data - 1996-1997 Grand River watershed data and 2002-2003 Roseau River watershed data - are used to determine the spatial variability. The results of this spatial analysis however are found to contain too much error due to the small sample size. It is therefore recommended that a larger set of data with more samples both spatially and temporally be taken. The proposed algorithm is tested with simulated data in a simulation of WATClass. Using nominal values for the estimated errors and other model parameters, the assimilation of remotely sensed data is found to reduce the absolute RMS error in soil moisture from 0.095 to approximately 0.071. The sensitivities of the improvement in soil moisture estimates by using the proposed algorithm to several different parameters are examined.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Soil Moisture With Microwave Radiometers 2 written by United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Geoscience and Remote Sensing written by Gary Jedlovec and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2009-10-01 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote sensing is the acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by the use of either recording or real-time sensing device(s), that is not in physical or intimate contact with the object (such as by way of aircraft, spacecraft, satellite, buoy, or ship). In practice, remote sensing is the stand-off collection through the use of a variety of devices for gathering information on a given object or area. Human existence is dependent on our ability to understand, utilize, manage and maintain the environment we live in - Geoscience is the science that seeks to achieve these goals. This book is a collection of contributions from world-class scientists, engineers and educators engaged in the fields of geoscience and remote sensing.
Download or read book Comprehensive Remote Sensing written by Shunlin Liang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-11-08 with total page 3183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Remote Sensing, Nine Volume Set covers all aspects of the topic, with each volume edited by well-known scientists and contributed to by frontier researchers. It is a comprehensive resource that will benefit both students and researchers who want to further their understanding in this discipline. The field of remote sensing has quadrupled in size in the past two decades, and increasingly draws in individuals working in a diverse set of disciplines ranging from geographers, oceanographers, and meteorologists, to physicists and computer scientists. Researchers from a variety of backgrounds are now accessing remote sensing data, creating an urgent need for a one-stop reference work that can comprehensively document the development of remote sensing, from the basic principles, modeling and practical algorithms, to various applications. Fully comprehensive coverage of this rapidly growing discipline, giving readers a detailed overview of all aspects of Remote Sensing principles and applications Contains ‘Layered content’, with each article beginning with the basics and then moving on to more complex concepts Ideal for advanced undergraduates and academic researchers Includes case studies that illustrate the practical application of remote sensing principles, further enhancing understanding
Download or read book Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle written by Venkataraman Lakshmi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-31 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle is an outcome of the AGU Chapman Conference held in February 2012. This is a comprehensive volume that examines the use of available remote sensing satellite data as well as data from future missions that can be used to expand our knowledge in quantifying the spatial and temporal variations in the terrestrial water cycle. Volume highlights include: An in-depth discussion of the global water cycle Approaches to various problems in climate, weather, hydrology, and agriculture Applications of satellite remote sensing in measuring precipitation, surface water, snow, soil moisture, groundwater, modeling, and data assimilation A description of the use of satellite data for accurately estimating and monitoring the components of the hydrological cycle Discussion of the measurement of multiple geophysical variables and properties over different landscapes on a temporal and a regional scale
Download or read book Analysis of Soil Moisture Extraction Algorithm Using Data from Aircraft Experiments written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-13 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A soil moisture extraction algorithm is developed using a statistical parameter inversion method. Data sets from two aircraft experiments are utilized for the test. Multifrequency microwave radiometric data surface temperature, and soil moisture information are contained in the data sets. The surface and near surface ( or = 5 cm) soil moisture content can be extracted with accuracy of approximately 5% to 6% for bare fields and fields with grass cover by using L, C, and X band radiometer data. This technique is used for handling large amounts of remote sensing data from space. Burke, H. H. K. and Ho, J. H. Unspecified Center NASA-CR-166719, P-A826 NAS5-26361...
Download or read book Microwave Indices from Active and Passive Sensors for Remote Sensing Applications written by Emanuele Santi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-21 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Past research has comprehensively assessed the capabilities of satellite sensors operating at microwave frequencies, both active (SAR, scatterometers) and passive (radiometers), for the remote sensing of Earth’s surface. Besides brightness temperature and backscattering coefficient, microwave indices, defined as a combination of data collected at different frequencies and polarizations, revealed a good sensitivity to hydrological cycle parameters such as surface soil moisture, vegetation water content, and snow depth and its water equivalent. The differences between microwave backscattering and emission at more frequencies and polarizations have been well established in relation to these parameters, enabling operational retrieval algorithms based on microwave indices to be developed. This Special Issue aims at providing an overview of microwave signal capabilities in estimating the main land parameters of the hydrological cycle, e.g., soil moisture, vegetation water content, and snow water equivalent, on both local and global scales, with a particular focus on the applications of microwave indices.
Download or read book Towards Medium resolution Soil Moisture Retrieval from Active and Passive Microwave Observations written by Xiaoling Wu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface soil moisture is essential to global water cycle monitoring, weather forecasting, prediction of drought and flood, and modelling of evaporation. The European Space Agency (ESA) launched the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite in 2009, as the first-ever soil moisture dedicated satellite. It uses the passive microwave (radiometer) remote sensing technology due to the direct relationship with soil moisture, but due to technical limitations the spatial resolution is approximately 40 km. This places limitations on hydro-meteorological applications such as regional weather forecasting, flood prediction, and agricultural activities that have a resolution requirement of better than 10 km. Active microwave (radar) remote sensing provides a much higher spatial resolution capability (better than 3 km), but it is less sensitive to changes in soil moisture due to the confounding effects of vegetation and surface roughness. Consequently, NASA has developed the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission, scheduled for launch in January 2015, which will merge passive and active observations to overcome their individual limitations, thus providing a soil moisture product with resolution better than 10 km at a target accuracy of 0.04 cm3/cm3. The rationale behind this mission is to use fine resolution (3 km) radar observations to disaggregate the coarse resolution (36 km) radiometer observations into a medium-resolution (9 km) product. The downscaling algorithms for this purpose have so far undergone only limited testing with experimental data sets, and have therefore been tested mostly using synthetic data and a limited number of suitable experimental data sets mostly in the continental United States. Consequently, this thesis presents an extensive evaluation of soil moisture downscaling algorithms with an experimental data set collected from the Soil Moisture Active Passive Experiment (SMAPEx) field campaigns in south-eastern Australia. This research affords a unique opportunity to undertake a comprehensive assessment of the various downscaling approaches proposed, having applicability to the forthcoming SMAP mission. In particular, each approach is comprehensively assessed using a consistent data set collected over a diverse landscape exhibiting a range of conditions, and then inter-compared with the results from the others. A particular focus is placed on the SMAP baseline algorithm as this is currently the preferred algorithm and scheduled for implementation by NASA immediately upon launch. A preliminary study on the SMAP baseline algorithm was conducted by using existing satellite data; results from which suggested that a better representation of the SMAP data stream characteristics was required. Consequently, a study was undertaken on how to prepare the simulated SMAP data stream from the airborne data set collected from the SMAPEx field campaigns in Australia. These data were processed in terms of spatial aggregation, incidence angle normalization and azimuth effect analysis so as to be in line with the characteristics of the SMAP observations. Results indicated that data from SMAPEx could be reliably processed to represent the characteristics of the SMAP observations. The baseline algorithm was then tested using the simulated SMAP data set. Results showed that the baseline downscaling algorithm had the ability to fulfil the error requirement of medium resolution (9 km) brightness temperature product of SMAP over relatively homogenous area, but it had greater error than the requirement over the heterogeneous cropping area. Consequently, the baseline algorithm was assessed at higher resolutions in order to study the effect of land cover type and surface heterogeneity on the resulting downscaling accuracy. The medium resolution (9 km) brightness temperatures obtained from the baseline algorithm were then converted to a medium resolution soil moisture product, and results compared with other linear methods including the optional downscaling algorithm and a change detection method, and with a non-linear Bayesian merging method. The comparison of these different soil moisture downscaling algorithms suggested that the optional algorithm and the Bayesian merging method had a similar performance in retrieving medium resolution soil moisture products, with the lowest error and highest correlation between downscaled and reference soil moisture, amongst the downscaling algorithms tested. However, unless further improvements can be achieved with the Bayesian merging method the optional algorithm is recommended for application in SMAP due to its simplicity of approach and low computational requirement, thus making it simpler to apply in an operational context.
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Energy Fluxes and Soil Moisture Content written by George P. Petropoulos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating decades of research conducted by leading scientists in the field, Remote Sensing of Energy Fluxes and Soil Moisture Content provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods and modeling techniques employed for deriving spatio-temporal estimates of energy fluxes and soil surface moisture from remote sensing. It also underscores the range of such techniques available nowadays as well as the operationally distributed networks that provide today in-situ validated relevant observations. The book brings together three types of articles: Comprehensive reviews that examine the developments in concepts, methods, and techniques employed in deriving land surface heat fluxes as well as soil surface moisture on field, regional, and large scales, paying particular emphasis to the techniques exploiting Earth Observation (EO) technology Detailed insights into the principles and operation of the most widely applied approaches for the quantification and analysis of surface fluxes and soil moisture with case studies that directly show the great applicability of remote sensing in this field, or articles discussing specific issues in the retrievals of those parameters from space Focused articles integrating current knowledge and scientific understanding in the remote sensing of energy fluxes and soil moisture, that are highlighting the main issues, challenges, and future prospects of this emerging technology. Designed with different users in mind, the book is organized in four more or less independent units that make specific information easy to find. It presents a discussion on the future trends and prospects, underlying the scientific challenges that need to be addressed adequately in order to derive more accurate estimates of those parameters from space.
Download or read book Soil Moisture written by Gabriela Civeira and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-02-27 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is aimed at the majority of audiences who need to rapidly obtain a concise overview of soil moisture measurement and management. Many existing soil moisture textbooks cater for a traditional market where readers rely on years of study presented in a slender discipline. The evolution of segmental schemes has meant that soil moisture is now often included as a part of broad-based soil science programs. For those opting to specialise in soil moisture, this is a good book to choose. This book will be very useful to students, researchers and other readers who do not hold a traditional scientific background, such as those studying geography, environment science, ecology and agriculture. This book provides a concise overview of soil moisture knowledge.
Download or read book The Remote Sensing of Tropospheric Composition from Space written by John P. Burrows and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of anthropogenic activities on our atmospheric environment is of growing public concern and satellite-based techniques now provide an essential component of observational strategies on regional and global scales. The purpose of this book is to summarise the state of the art in the field in general, while describing both key techniques and findings in particular. It opens with an historical perspective of the field together with the basic principles of remote sensing from space. Three chapters follow on the techniques and on the solutions to the problems associated with the various spectral regions in which observations are made. The particular challenges posed by aerosols and clouds are covered in the next two chapters. Of special importance is the accuracy and reliability of remote sensing data and these issues are covered in a chapter on validation. The final section of the book is concerned with the exploitation of data, with chapters on observational aspects, which includes both individual and synergistic studies, and on the comparison of global and regional observations with chemical transport and climate models and the added value that the interaction brings to both. The book concludes with scientific needs and likely future developments in the field, and the necessary actions to be taken if we are to have the global observation system that the Earth needs in its present, deteriorating state. The appendices provide a comprehensive list of satellite instruments, global representations of some ancillary data such as fire counts and light pollution, a list of abbreviations and acronyms, and a set of colourful timelines indicating the satellite coverage of tropospheric composition in the foreseeable future. Altogether, this book will be a timely reference and overview for anyone working at the interface of environmental, atmospheric and space sciences.
Download or read book Soil Moisture Retrieval Using Passive Microwave Data written by Soo See Chai and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The data used to develop and evaluate the model in this research has been obtained from the National Airborne Field Experiments in 2005.
Download or read book On the Feasibility of Monitoring Soil Moisture Using Active Microwave Remote Sensing written by Percy P. Batlivala and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Moisture Retrieval from Microwave Remote Sensing Observations written by Hongquan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter mainly describes the vegetated soil moisture retrieval approaches based on microwave remote sensing data. It will be comprised of three topics: (1) SAR polarimetric decomposition is to model the full coherency matrix as a summation of the surface, dihedral, and volume scattering mechanisms. After removing the volume scattering component, the soil moisture is estimated from the surface and dihedral scattering components. Particularly, various dynamic volume scattering models will be critically reviewed, allowing the readers to select the appropriate one to capture the complex variations of the volume scattering mechanism with crop phenological growth. (2) Radiative transfer model is to express the radar backscattering coefficient as the incoherent summation of different scattering components. Hereby, we will review the water cloud model and its several extensions for enhanced soil moisture retrieval. (3) Compared to the active radar, the passive radiometer possesses high temporal resolution but coarse spatial resolution. The third topic is dedicated to review the microwave emission models and the active-passive combined approaches, in the context of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) missions.
