Download or read book Retribution in Jewish and Christian Writings written by David Hamidovič and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The quest to define the concept of retribution leads the authors of this volume beyond Jewish and Christian writings to the common objects and components governing the definition of the concept in Ancient Judaism and Early Christianity, as well as Greek, Islamic, and Buddhist texts." --

Download or read book History of Opinions on the Scriptural Doctrine of Retribution written by Edward Beecher and published by . This book was released on 1878 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Beyond Retribution written by Christopher D. Marshall and published by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently a growing number of Christians have actively promoted the concept of "restorative justice" and attempted to develop programs for dealing with crime based on restorative principles. But is this approach truly consistent with the teaching of Scripture? To date, very little has been done to test this claim. Beyond Retribution fills a gap by plumbing the New Testament on the topics of crime, justice, and punishment. Christopher Marshall first explores the problems involved in applying ethical teachings from the New Testament to mainstream society. He then surveys the extent to which the New Testament addresses criminal justice issues, looking in particular at the concept of the justice of God in the teachings of Paul and Jesus. He also examines the topic of punishment, reviewing the debate in social thinking over the ethics and purpose of punishment -- including capital punishment -- and he advocates a new concept of "restorative punishment." The result of this engaging work is a biblically based challenge to imitate the way of Christ in dealing with both victims and offenders. - Publisher

Download or read book The Formation of Hell written by Alan E. Bernstein and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What becomes of the wicked? Hell—exile from God, subjection to fire, worms, and darkness—for centuries the idea has shaped the dread of malefactors, the solace of victims, and the deterrence of believers. Although we may associate the notion of hell with Christian beliefs, its gradual emergence depended on conflicting notions that pervaded the Mediterranean world more than a millennium before the birth of Christ. Asking just why and how belief in hell arose, Alan E. Bernstein takes us back to those times and offers us a comparative view of the philosophy, poetry, folklore, myth, and theology of that formative age.Bernstein draws on sources from ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome, and Israel, as well as early Christian writings through Augustine, in order to reconstruct the story of the prophets, priests, poets, and charismatic leaders who fashioned concepts of hell from an array of perspectives on death and justice. The author traces hell's formation through close readings of works including the epics of Homer and Vergil, the satires of Lucian, the dialogues of Plato and Plutarch, the legends of Enoch, the confessions of the Psalms, the prophecies of Isaiah, Ezechiel, and Daniel, and the parables of Jesus. Reenacting lively debates about the nature of hell among the common people and the elites of diverse religious traditions, he provides new insight into the social implications and the psychological consequences of different visions of the afterlife.This superb account of a central image in Western culture will captivate readers interested in history, mythology, literature, psychology, philosophy, and religion.

Download or read book Christ and the Judgment of God written by Stephen Travis and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this scholarly study Stephen Travis examines the role of retribution in New Testament theologies of judgment. This long awaited second edition includes three entirely new chapters as well as being completely revised and updated. Travis' main thesis is that New Testament theologies of judgment are more fundamentally relational than retributive. He argues that while elements of retribution are present in each "strand" of the New Testament, they are remarkably infrequent, in view of their prominence in the Jewish and Greco-Roman worlds. He argues that both in Paul and in the gospels one's relationship to God, through Christ, is the criterion of judgment; and the ultimate outcome of the judgment is conceived in terms of that relationship.

Download or read book Scripture and Traditions written by Patrick Gray and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2008 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains twenty-two essays in honor of Carl R. Holladay, whose work on the interaction between early Christianity and Hellenistic Judaism has had a considerable impact on the study of the New Testament. The essays are grouped into three sections: Hellenistic Judaism; the New Testament in Context; and the History of Interpretation. Among the contributions are essays dealing with conversion in Greek-speaking Judaism and Christianity; 3 Maccabees as a narrative satire; retribution theology in Luke-Acts; church discipline in Matthew; the Exodus and comparative chronology in Jewish and patristic writings; corporal punishment in ancient Israel and early Christianity; and Die Judenfrage and the construction of ancient Judaism.

Download or read book Post mortem Divine Retribution written by Angukali Rotokha and published by Langham Publishing. This book was released on 2023-05-31 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While a Christian understanding of divine judgement tends to focus on the afterlife, the Hebrew Bible is far more concerned with divine retribution as something experienced in this life. Yet if the same God enacts both, should there not be significant continuity between biblical accounts of divine retribution, whether experienced in this world or the hereafter? In this study, Dr. Angukali Rotokha provides an overview of Old Testament and Second Temple sources that express conceptions of post-mortem judgement. Alongside these passages, she examines the perspective on judgement presented in Deuteronomy, with its orientation towards divine retribution as experienced on this side of death. She explores Deuteronomy’s varying emphases on the impersonal, anthropocentric, theocentric, and limited aspects of divine retribution, as well as the relevance of these conceptions to the descriptions of post-mortem judgement found in Isaiah, Daniel, 1 Enoch, and 2 Maccabees. In clarifying points of continuity and discontinuity between earthly and post-mortem divine retribution, she provides a foundation for deeper insight into the Judeo-Christian understanding of both God’s judgement and God’s grace.

Download or read book Hell and Its Rivals written by Alan E. Bernstein and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-06 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of punishment after death—whereby the souls of the wicked are consigned to Hell (Gehenna, Gehinnom, or Jahannam)—emerged out of beliefs found across the Mediterranean, from ancient Egypt to Zoroastrian Persia, and became fundamental to the Abrahamic religions. Once Hell achieved doctrinal expression in the New Testament, the Talmud, and the Qur'an, thinkers began to question Hell’s eternity, and to consider possible alternatives—hell’s rivals. Some imagined outright escape, others periodic but temporary relief within the torments. One option, including Purgatory and, in the Eastern Orthodox tradition, the Middle State, was to consider the punishments to be temporary and purifying. Despite these moral and theological hesitations, the idea of Hell has remained a historical and theological force until the present.In Hell and Its Rivals, Alan E. Bernstein examines an array of sources from within and beyond the three Abrahamic faiths—including theology, chronicles, legal charters, edifying tales, and narratives of near-death experiences—to analyze the origins and evolution of belief in Hell. Key social institutions, including slavery, capital punishment, and monarchy, also affected the afterlife beliefs of Jews, Christians, and Muslims. Reflection on hell encouraged a stigmatization of "the other" that in turn emphasized the differences between these religions. Yet, despite these rivalries, each community proclaimed eternal punishment and answered related challenges to it in similar terms. For all that divided them, they agreed on the need for—and fact of—Hell.

Download or read book Early Christian Historiography written by G. W. Trompf and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-08 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2014. This book describes the developing application of retributive principles in historical narratives before Christ. It assesses degrees of concern in the first history-writers of the world's most widespread monotheistic tradition to discern divine justice in human affairs.

Download or read book Yahweh A God of Violence written by Harold Palmer and published by TellerBooks. This book was released on 2016-05-20 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genocide, infanticide, the destruction of entire peoples—these are among the acts of violence commanded or condoned by Yahweh, the God of the Old Testament. Examples abound throughout the Pentateuch and beyond of violence perpetrated by the Israelites at the beckoning of God. Entire cities and peoples, including Sodom, Gomorrah, Jericho, Amalek and Midian, are destroyed directly or indirectly by God. The Israelites are commanded to kill man and woman, infant and nursing child, ox and sheep, camel and donkey. God instructs the Israelites to conquer and utterly destroy and show no mercy to seven nations and to put to death everyone in the cities—men, women, and dependents—and leave no survivor in Heshbon. Can we conclude from these examples that Yahweh is a brutal god of war and violence? Is Yahweh’s character incompatible with that of Jesus, who in the Sermon on the Mount teaches His disciples to turn the other cheek, love your enemy and pray for those who persecute you? Some commentators have concluded from the Old Testament’s war accounts that Yahweh is a petty god with an insatiable blood thirst. In this study, Harold Palmer rejects and refutes these conclusions by approaching the question from a completely fresh angle. He sees the destruction of entire peoples not as a reflection of God’s character, but as a reflection of man’s character. Cities and peoples are destroyed as a natural consequence of their sins, with those having put their faith in Yahweh, such as Rahab, spared from the fate that befalls their community. The starting point for this study is thus that man was created by God for a purpose and to abide by a moral code. When that code is broken, man, having rebelled against and fallen short of God’s perfect moral law, is separated from God. The consequence of this separation is death, and its antidote is the gift of grace, perfected by Christ on the cross.

Download or read book God and Empire written by John Dominic Crossan and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2009-03-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The bestselling author and prominent New Testament scholar draws parallels between 1st–century Roman Empire and 21st–century United States, showing how the radical messages of Jesus and Paul can lead us to peace today Using the tools of expert biblical scholarship and a keen eye for current events, bestselling author John Dominic Crossan deftly presents the tensions exhibited in the Bible between political power and God’s justice. Through the revolutionary messages of Jesus and Paul, Crossan reveals what the Bible has to say about land and economy, violence and retribution, justice and peace, and ultimately, redemption. He examines the meaning of “kingdom of God” prophesized by Jesus, and the equality recommended to Paul by his churches, contrasting these messages of peace against the misinterpreted apocalyptic vision from the book of Revelations, that has been co-opted by modern right-wing theologians and televangelists to justify the United State’s military actions in the Middle East.

Download or read book An Examination of the Doctrine of Future Retribution written by Hosea Ballou and published by . This book was released on 1834 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Destructive Power of Religion written by J. Harold Ellens and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 2004 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensive series explores themes including the seeds of violence in Biblical interpretation, human sacrifice in the Old Testament, violent religious metaphors, the violent messiah, linguistic and psychoanalytic approaches to religious themes, the jihad in context and in the Qur'an, fundamentalism and violence, and the psychoreligious roots of violence.

Download or read book Proof texts of Endless Punishment written by Daniel Parker Livermore and published by . This book was released on 1864 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Atonement written by Max Botner and published by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. This book was released on 2020-09-10 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A historical survey of atonement theology through ancient Jewish and Christian sources What is the historical basis for today’s atonement theology? Where did it come from, and how has it evolved throughout time? In Atonement, a sterling collection of renowned biblical scholars investigates the early manifestations of this core concept in ancient Jewish and Christian sources. Rather than imposing a particular view of atonement upon these texts, these specialists let the texts speak for themselves so that the reader can truly understand atonement as it was variously conceived in the Hebrew Bible, the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Pseudepigrapha, the New Testament, and early Christian literature. The resulting diverse ideas mirror the manifold perspectives on atonement today. Contributors to this volume—Christian A. Eberhart, Crispin Fletcher-Louis, Martha Himmelfarb, T. J. Lang, Carol A. Newsom, Deborah W. Rooke, Catrin H. Williams, David P. Wright, and N. T. Wright—attend to the linguistic elements at work in these ancient writings without limiting their scope to explicit mentions of atonement. Instead, they explore atonement as a broader phenomenon that negotiates a constellation of features—sin, sacrifice, and salvation—to capture a more accurate and holistic picture. Atonement will serve as an indispensable resource for all future dialogue on these topics within Jewish and Christian circles.

Download or read book History of Opinions on the Scriptural Doctrine of Retribution Classic Reprint written by Edward Beecher and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-04-30 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from History of Opinions on the Scriptural Doctrine of Retribution To - day the great question that arouses humanity to intense thought is, What is the import of that sentence? As to the righteous, however, there is no dispute. The main interest centres on the question, What is the doom of the wicked Q This has fixed the attention of the world upon the import of a single word, diam'os. This has raised the question: What were the Opinions of those to whom Christ spoke, and what were their usages of language? How did they understand him Q. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Download or read book When Judaism Lost the Temple written by Lydia Gore-Jones and published by . This book was released on 2020-06-18 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a study of religious thought in two Jewish apocalypses, 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch, written as a response to the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple by the Romans in 70 CE. The true nature of the crisis is the perceived loss of covenantal relationship between God and Israel, and the Jewish identity that is under threat. Discussions of various aspects of thought, including those conventionally termed theodicy, particularism and universalism, anthropology and soteriology, are subordinated under and contextualized within the larger issue of how the ancient authors propose to mend the traditional Deuteronomic covenantal theology now under crisis. Both 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch advocate a two-pronged solution of Torah and eschatology at the centre of their scheme to restore that covenant relationship in the absence of the Temple. Both maintain the Mosaic tradition as the bulwark for Israel's future survival and revival. Whereas 4 Ezra aims to implant its eschatology into the Sinaitic tradition and make it part of the Mosaic Law, 2 Baruch extends the Deuteronomic scheme of reward and retribution into an eschatological context, making the rewards of the end-time a solution to the cycle of sins and punishments of this age. Considerable emphases are also placed on the significance of the portrayals of the pseudonymous protagonists, Ezra and Baruch, the use of symbolism in the two texts as scriptural exegesis, as well as their relationship with each other and links with the Hebrew Bible and other Jewish and Christian writings.