Download or read book Explain Me This written by Adele E. Goldberg and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why our use of language is highly creative yet also constrained We use words and phrases creatively to express ourselves in ever-changing contexts, readily extending language constructions in new ways. Yet native speakers also implicitly know when a creative and easily interpretable formulation—such as “Explain me this” or “She considered to go”—doesn’t sound quite right. In this incisive book, Adele Goldberg explores how these creative but constrained language skills emerge from a combination of general cognitive mechanisms and experience. Shedding critical light on an enduring linguistic paradox, Goldberg demonstrates how words and abstract constructions are generalized and constrained in the same ways. When learning language, we record partially abstracted tokens of language within the high-dimensional conceptual space that is used when we speak or listen. Our implicit knowledge of language includes dimensions related to form, function, and social context. At the same time, abstract memory traces of linguistic usage-events cluster together on a subset of dimensions, with overlapping aspects strengthened via repetition. In this way, dynamic categories that correspond to words and abstract constructions emerge from partially overlapping memory traces, and as a result, distinct words and constructions compete with one another each time we select them to express our intended messages. While much of the research on this puzzle has favored semantic or functional explanations over statistical ones, Goldberg’s approach stresses that both the functional and statistical aspects of constructions emerge from the same learning mechanisms.
Download or read book Retreat Or Entrenchment written by Henrik Tham and published by . This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How will Nordic countries adapt their drug policies while questioning 'the war on drugs'? Are there signs of changing drug policies, what arguments are used to challenge earlier policies and what obstacles are there to change?
Download or read book The Construction of Words written by Geert Booij and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-13 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on detailed studies of various aspects of Construction Morphology, and combines theoretical analysis and descriptive detail. It deals with data from several domains of linguistics and contributes to an integration of findings from various subdisciplines of linguistics into a common model of the architecture of language. It presents applications and extensions of the model of Construction Morphology to a wide range of languages. Construction Morphology is one of the theoretical paradigms in present-day morphology. It makes use of concepts of Construction Grammar for the analysis of word formation and inflection. Complex words are seen as constructions, that is, pairs of form and meaning. Morphological patterns are accounted for by construction schemas. These are the recipes for coining new words and word forms, and they motivate the properties of existing complex words. Both schemas and individual words are stored, and hence there is no strict separation of lexicon and grammar. In addition to abstract schemas there are subschemas for subclasses of complex words with specific properties. This architecture of the grammar is in harmony with findings from other empirical domains of linguistics such as language acquisition, word processing, and language change.
Download or read book The Last Stand written by Nathaniel Philbrick and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2023-01-03 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An engrossing and tautly written account of a critical chapter in American history." --Los Angeles Times Nathaniel Philbrick, author of In the Hurricane's Eye, Pulitzer Prize finalist Mayflower, and Valiant Ambition, is a historian with a unique ability to bring history to life. The Last Stand is Philbrick's monumental reappraisal of the epochal clash at the Little Bighorn in 1876 that gave birth to the legend of Custer's Last Stand. Bringing a wealth of new information to his subject, as well as his characteristic literary flair, Philbrick details the collision between two American icons- George Armstrong Custer and Sitting Bull-that both parties wished to avoid, and brilliantly explains how the battle that ensued has been shaped and reshaped by national myth.
Download or read book Reno Benteen Entrenchment Trail written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clausewitz on Small War written by Christopher Daase and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Widely recognized as one of the most important theorists of warfare, important strands of Carl von Clausewitz's thinking on the subject are not widely known. In the English-speaking world, few are familiar with anything other than his major, though unfinished and posthumously published, opus On War, which is available in numerous translations. Although the corpus of Clausewitz's writings on the topic of warfare is far greater, most of these texts have never been translated. In Clausewitz on Small War, Christopher Daase and James W. Davis begin to redress this unfortunate state of affairs. In this volume they have assembled and translated Clausewitz's most important texts devoted to the analysis of asymmetric, unconventional, guerrilla, and small unit warfare, including Clausewitz's Lectures on Small War, held at the Prussian War Academy in 1810 and 1811. Augmenting our understanding of Clausewitz with his early writings on Small War leads to the conclusion that asymmetric warfare is not an historical development that can be termed pre- or post-Clausewitzian as many contemporary scholars of war and military strategy argue. Rather, Clausewitz himself emerges as an early theorist of insurgency and asymmetric warfare with insights that are relevant today. The book is a must read for soldiers, military strategists, historians of war, and students of international security.
Download or read book South Africa and the Transvaal War Vol 1 8 written by Louis Creswicke and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2023-11-14 with total page 1692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Africa and the Transvaal War in eight volumes is a historical account of The Second Boer War fought between the British Empire and two independent Boer states, the South African Republic (Republic of Transvaal) and the Orange Free State, over the Empire's influence in South Africa. Initial Boer attacks were successful, and although British reinforcements later reversed these, the war continued for years with Boer guerrilla warfare, until harsh British counter-measures including a scorched earth policy brought the Boers to terms. The work is divided in eight volumes, first of which covering the period from the First Boer War to the beginning of the Second Boer War. Following six volumes deal with the Second Boer War and the last volume is dedicated to the future of South Africa after the war ended. Table of Contents: Vol. 1: From the Foundation of Cape Colony to the Boer Ultimatum of 9th Oct. 1899 Vol. 2: From the Commencement of the War to the Battle of Colenso, 15th Dec. 1899 Vol. 3: From the Battle of Colenso, 15th Dec. 1899, to Lord Roberts's Advance into the Free State, 12th Feb. 1900 Vol. 4: From Lord Roberts' Entry into the Free State to the Battle of Karree Vol. 5: From the Disaster at Koorn Spruit to Lord Roberts's Entry into Pretoria Vol. 6: From the Occupation of Pretoria to Mr. Kruger's Departure from South Africa, with a Summarized Account of the Guerilla War to March 1901 Vol. 7: The Guerilla War, from February 1901 to the Conclusion of Hostilities Vol. 8: South Africa and Its Future
Download or read book Advance and retreat personal experiences in the United States and Confederate States armies written by John Bell Hood and published by . This book was released on 1880 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding sectarianism written by Fanar Haddad and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much has been published on sectarianism in the Middle East but few writers have separated received wisdom from the facts, as Haddad does in this book.
Download or read book Advance and Retreat written by John Bell Hood and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 1996-04-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Bell Hood may be the South's most famously unfortunate soldier. With his reckless charges that broke Union defenses at Gaines's Mill, Second Bull Run, South Mountain, and Antietam, Hood became the beau ideal of the Southern cavalier. However, his heroics contained the seeds of his own downfall: trusting too much in sheer courage and dash, Hood schemed against General Joseph E. Johnston and supplanted him as commander of the Army of Tennessee in the defense of Atlanta; Hood's suicidal charges at Franklin and Nashville destroyed his army. Hood was, if nothing else, fiercely courageous; he lost both an arm and a leg in combat, and finally had to be strapped to his horse to ride. In Hood's recollections, we find his unwavering loyalty to the Confederate cause and his unshakable admiration for Lee and Davis. We can follow his implacable dislike for his former friend and comrade, Joe Johnston, as well as his penchant for blaming reverses on his subordinates. Like many of the surviving Confederate generals, Hood believed that somehow the Confederacy would have triumphed were it not for the mistakes and negligence of others. In 1879, bankrupt and the father of eleven children, he lost his wife and eldest daughter, and his own life to the same yellow fever that had ruined his business. General P. G. T. Beauregard arranged for the publication of Hood's memoirs to benefit Hood's orphaned children. Bruce J. Dinges is director of publications at the Arizona Historical Society. His articles on the history of the West and on the Civil War have appeared in numerous journals.
Download or read book An Entrenched Legacy written by Patrick M. Garry and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-10-27 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Entrenched Legacy takes a fresh look at the role of the Supreme Court in our modern constitutional system. Although criticisms of judicial power today often attribute its rise to the activism of justices seeking to advance particular political ideologies, Patrick Garry argues instead that the Supreme Court’s power has grown mainly because of certain constitutional decisions during the New Deal era that initially seemed to portend a lessening of the Court’s power. When the Court retreated from enforcing separation of powers and federalism as the twin structural protections for individual liberty in the face of FDR’s New Deal agenda, it was inevitably drawn into an alternative approach, substantive due process, as a means for protecting individual rights. This has led to many controversial judicial rulings, particularly regarding the recognition and enforcement of privacy rights. It has also led to the mistaken belief that the judiciary serves as the only protection of liberty and that an inherent conflict exists between individual liberty and majoritarian rule. Moreover, because the Court has assumed sole responsibility for preserving liberty, the whole area of individual rights has become highly centralized. As Garry argues, individual rights have been placed exclusively under judicial jurisdiction not because of anything the Constitution commands, but because of the constitutional compromise of the New Deal. During the Rehnquist era, the Court tried to reinvigorate the constitutional doctrine of federalism by strengthening certain powers of the states. But, according to Garry, this effort only went halfway toward a true revival of federalism, since the Court continued to rely on judicially enforced individual rights for the protection of liberty. A more comprehensive reform would require a return to the earlier reliance on both federalism and separation of powers as structural devices for protecting liberty. Such reform, as Garry notes, would also help revitalize the role of legislatures in our democratic system.
Download or read book South Africa and the Transvaal War written by Louis Creswicke and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Conscious Experience written by Anil Gupta and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-11 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A distinguished philosopher offers a novel account of experience and reason, and develops our understanding of conscious experience and its relationship to thought: a new reformed empiricism. The role of experience in cognition is a central and ancient philosophical concern. How, theorists ask, can our private experiences guide us to knowledge of a mind-independent reality? Exploring topics in logic, philosophy of mind, and epistemology, Conscious Experience proposes a new answer to this age-old question, explaining how conscious experience contributes to the rationality and content of empirical beliefs. According to Anil Gupta, this contribution cannot be determined independently of an agent’s conceptual scheme and prior beliefs, but that doesn’t mean it is entirely mind-dependent. While the rational contribution of an experience is not propositional—it does not, for example, provide direct knowledge of the world—it does authorize certain transitions from prior views to new views. In short, the rational contribution of an experience yields a rule for revising views. Gupta shows that this account provides theoretical freedom: it allows the observer to radically reconceive the world in light of empirical findings. Simultaneously, it grants empirical reason significant power to constrain, forcing particular conceptions of self and world on the rational inquirer. These seemingly contrary virtues are reconciled through novel treatments of presentation, appearances, and ostensive definitions. Collectively, Gupta’s arguments support an original theory: reformed empiricism. He abandons the idea that experience is a source of knowledge and justification. He also abandons the idea that concepts are derived from experience. But reformed empiricism preserves empiricism’s central insight: experience is the supreme epistemic authority. In the resolution of factual disagreements, experience trumps all.
Download or read book The American Civil War and the Origins of Modern Warfare written by Edward Hagerman and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 1992-09-22 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American Civil War was a war of transition: a war of romanticism and idealism fought by a large citizen army with the first tools of modern warfare. This book is a must for students of American history and military affairs. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book A Full and Circumstantial Account of the Memorable Battle of Waterloo written by Christopher Kelly and published by . This book was released on 1817 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The True History of War written by Great Britain. War Office and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Current Perspectives on Child Language Acquisition written by Caroline F. Rowland and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the field has seen an increasing realisation that the full complexity of language acquisition demands theories that (a) explain how children integrate information from multiple sources in the environment, (b) build linguistic representations at a number of different levels, and (c) learn how to combine these representations in order to communicate effectively. These new findings have stimulated new theoretical perspectives that are more centered on explaining learning as a complex dynamic interaction between the child and her environment. This book is the first attempt to bring some of these new perspectives together in one place. It is a collection of essays written by a group of researchers who all take an approach centered on child-environment interaction, and all of whom have been influenced by the work of Elena Lieven, to whom this collection is dedicated.
