Download or read book Retaliatory Mechanisms for Eliminating Trade Barriers written by Kathryn E. Spier and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Retaliatory Mechanisms for Eliminating Trade Barriers Aggressive Unilaterlism Versus GATT Cooperation written by Kathryn E. Spier and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Imperfect competition in international trade written by Winston Chang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical analysis of international trade and industrial policy, developing and using new models of trade with imperfect competition. Modeling of imperfect competition within international trade has been difficult until recent breakthroughs in this area, which have provided a more realistic view of the world economy. The book builds on the advances provided by such tools as game theory and the theory of monopolistic competition. The first section covers broad and basic trade issues which arise under imperfect competition. Section two examines implications for trade policy covering issues such as strategic trade policy in static and dynamic settings. Section three deals with various structural issues, such as optimal choice of trade liberalizing policies, the formation of trade blocks, and open dualistic economy with externalities.
Download or read book New Directions in Trade Theory written by James Levinsohn and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Develops ideas and offers new approaches to the topic of trade theory.
Download or read book National Trade Estimate Report on Foreign Trade Barriers written by United States. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book In Place of Inter state Retaliation written by William Phelan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike many other trade regimes, the European Union forbids the use of inter-state retaliation to enforce its obligations, and rules out the use of common 'escape' mechanisms such as anti-dumping between the EU member states. How does the EU do without these mechanisms that appear so vital to the political viability of other international trade regimes, including the World Trade Organization? How, therefore, is the European legal order, with the European Court of Justice at its centre, able to be so much more binding and intrusive than the legal obligations of many other trade regimes? This book puts forward a new explanation of a key part of the European Union's legal system, emphasising its break with the inter-state retaliation mechanisms and how Europe's special form of legal integration is facilitated by intra-industry trade, parliamentary forms of national government, and European welfare states. It argues first that the EU member states have allowed the enforcement of EU obligations by domestic courts in order to avoid the problems associated with enforcing trade obligations by constant threats of trade retaliation. It argues second that the EU member states have been able to accept such a binding form of dispute settlement and treaty obligation because the policy adjustments required by the European legal order were politically acceptable. High levels of intra-industry trade reduced the severity of the economic adjustments required by the expansion of the European market, and inclusive and authoritative democratic institutions in the member states allowed policy-makers to prioritise a general interest in reliable trading relationships even when policy changes affected significant domestic lobbies. Furthermore, generous national social security arrangements protected national constituents against any adverse consequences arising from the expansion of European law and the intensification of the European market. The European legal order should therefore be understood as a legalized dispute resolution institution well suited to an international trade and integration regime made up of highly interdependent parliamentary welfare states.
Download or read book Crimes and Punishments Retaliation under the WTO written by Robert Z. Lawrence and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 2003 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Clashing Over Commerce written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revenue. The struggle for Independence, 1763-1789 ; Trade policy for the new nation, 1789-1816 ; Sectional conflict and crisis, 1816-1833 ; Tariff peace and Civil War, 1833-1865 -- Restriction. The failure of tariff reform, 1865-1890 ; Protectionism entrenched, 1890-1912 ; Policy reversals and drift, 1912-1928 ; The Hawley-Smoot tariff and the Great Depression, 1928-1932 -- Reciprocity. The New Deal and reciprocal trade agreements, 1932-1943 ; Creating a multilateral trading system, 1943-1950 ; New Order and new stresses, 1950-1979 ; Trade shocks and response, 1979-1992 ; From globalization to polarization, 1992-2017 -- Conclusion
Download or read book Issues and Options for U S Japan Trade Policies written by Robert Mitchell Stern and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses the central negotiating issues involving the trade policies and relations between the United States and Japan
Download or read book Monitoring and Enforcement of International Trade Agreements written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U S Trade Barriers written by Eberhard Grabitz and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Download or read book Protectionism written by Jagdish N. Bhagwati and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Through a combination of text, quotations, cartoons, tables, charts, and graphs, Bhagwati ... looks at the forces for and against protection."--Jacket.
Download or read book WTO Retaliation written by Michelle Limenta and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-02-23 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central point of this book concerns three main issues: the problems of WTO retaliation, the question of the effectiveness of retaliation, and the purposes of retaliation. WTO retaliation is often deemed ineffective due to its inherited shortcomings. This book highlights the significance in identifying the purposes of retaliation prior to evaluating its effectiveness. Put differently, it refers to the purpose-based approach of effectiveness. It is a common understanding that the purpose of WTO retaliation is to induce compliance. This book, nevertheless, argues in favour of coexistence of the multiple purposes of retaliation, including reaching a mutually agreeable solution. These views are based on the extensive research conducted on the purposes of WTO retaliation, namely through interpreting Article 22 of the DSU; examining the remedies rules within the frameworks of public international law, and law and economics; and assessing the academic writings/debates as well as the statements of arbitrators. Finally, by evaluating a number of disputes involving WTO retaliation, this book demonstrates the reasonableness and soundness of WTO retaliation in light of its multiple purposes.
Download or read book Retaliation in the WTO Dispute Settlement System written by Sherzod Shadikhodjaev and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This work provides in-depth legal analysis of the procedural and substantive aspects of retaliation under the WTO dispute settlement system with particular reference to relevant rules and case law. It identifies peculiarities of WTO retaliation as compared with countermeasures of general international law. It examines the retaliation regime under GATT 1947 and the Dispute Settlement Understanding, as well as the special retaliation regime under the Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement. It includes a case study with respect to the calculation of the level of retaliation in Article 22.6/4.11 arbitration. Finally, it explores the gaps in the current retaliation system with regard to both procedural Issues and the matter of efficacy, and analyzes all relevant solutions. In sum, this book Is designed to examine the way the WTO retaliation system works and explore possible Improvements." --Book Jacket.
Download or read book The Evolution of Cooperation written by Robert Axelrod and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2009-04-29 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A famed political scientist's classic argument for a more cooperative world We assume that, in a world ruled by natural selection, selfishness pays. So why cooperate? In The Evolution of Cooperation, political scientist Robert Axelrod seeks to answer this question. In 1980, he organized the famed Computer Prisoners Dilemma Tournament, which sought to find the optimal strategy for survival in a particular game. Over and over, the simplest strategy, a cooperative program called Tit for Tat, shut out the competition. In other words, cooperation, not unfettered competition, turns out to be our best chance for survival. A vital book for leaders and decision makers, The Evolution of Cooperation reveals how cooperative principles help us think better about everything from military strategy, to political elections, to family dynamics.
Download or read book The Political Economy of the World Trading System written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 766 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Political Economy of the World Trading System is a comprehensive textbook account of the economics, institutional mechanics and politics of the world trading system. This third edition has been expanded and updated to cover developments in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) since its formation, including the Doha Round, presenting the essentials of trade negotiations and the WTO's rules and disciplines. The authors focus in particular on the WTO's role as the primary organisation through which trading nations manage their commercial interactions and the focal point for cooperation on policy responses to the rapidly changing global trading environment. It is the forum in which many features of the globalisation process are considered, and it currently faces an unprecedented set of challenges. The increasing importance of countries in Asia, Latin America and Africa in international trade relations, the revealed preference towards regionalism, intensification of trade conflicts, the role of business groups and NGOs in trade policy formation and negotiations, and pressures for more leadership in an institution threatened by paralysis are examples of issues that are discussed in some detail; all are critical for the operation of the system and for international business in the coming decade. This edition also includes numerous real-world examples to illustrate how the WTO impinges on business, workers and households, written from the perspective of managers and business associations. An insider's view of the institutional history of the WTO allows the authors to use a variety of conceptual tools to analyse the working of the WTO in a non-technical manner. Suggestions for Further Reading at the end of each chapter and an extensive bibliography make the volume suitable both for introductory and postgraduate courses on international economics and business, international relations, and international economic law.
