Download or read book Restriction des tapes pr coces de l infection par le VIH 1 et le VIH 2 dans les cellules my lo des et lympho des written by Lise Chauveau and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine de type 1 et 2 (VIH-1 et VIH-2) sont des virus proches causant le Syndrome de l'ImmunoDéficience Acquise (SIDA). Cependant, chez les patients infectés par le VIH-2, la progression vers la maladie est plus lente et moins fréquente. Cette différence de pathogénicité est associée à des réponses immunitaires humorales et cytotoxiques plus efficace dans l'infection par le VIH-2.Les caractéristiques du virus influençant ces différences de réponse immunitaire sont peu comprises. Au niveau moléculaire, la protéine accessoire Vpx est présente dans le VIH-2 et pas dans le VIH-I . Vpx dégrade SAMHD1, un facteur cellulaire de défense antivirale actif dans les macrophages, monocytes, cellules dendritiques (DC) et lymphocytes T CD4 non activés. Les DC sont des cibles du virus et constituent une première ligne de défense signalant aux autres cellules immunitaires la présence du virus et induisant des réponses humorale et cytotoxique efficaces. Il est donc important de comprendre les interactions des VIH-1 et 2 avec les cellules dendritiques. Nous montrons ici que grâce à l'expression de Vpx qui dégrade le facteur de restriction SAMHD1, le VIH-2 infecte les lymphocytes T CD4 non activés mais que Vpx n'est pas suffisant pour permettre l'infection des DC Celles-ci sont peu susceptibles à l'infection par les VIH-1 et VIH-2 car elles expriment peu de CD4 à leur surface et la fusion du virus est donc peu efficace. Les DC sont impliquées dans l'initiation de la réponse immunitaire et l'absence d'infection dans ces cellules pourrait être une stratégie virale pour éviter la détection par le système immunitaire et l'induction d'une réponse efficace.
Download or read book INTERACTIONS VIRUS DE L IMMUNODEFICIENCE HUMAINE VIH LYMPHOCYTES B AU SEIN DES TISSUS LYMPHOIDES SECONDAIRES written by Christophe Legendre and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'INFECTION A VIH ENTRAINE, DES SES PHASES INITIALES, DE GRAVES PERTURBATIONS DU COMPARTIMENT LYMPHOCYTAIRE B, TANT AU PLAN DE L'ACTIVATION ET DE L'ONTOGENIE, QU'AU PLAN FONCTIONNEL. AU PLAN THEORIQUE, TROIS TYPES DE MECANISMES PEUVENT PARTICIPER A L'ALTERATION DU COMPARTIMENT B AU COURS DE LA MALADIE LENTIVIRALE : 1) L'INFECTION DES LYMPHOCYTES B PAR LE VIH, 2) LA STIMULATION DIRECTE DES LYMPHOCYTES B PAR LES ANTIGENES VIRAUX ET 3) LES DESORGANISATIONS VIRO-INDUITES DES DIVERS MICROENVIRONNEMENTS SUCCESSIFS DES CELLULES B, ET PLUS PARTICULIEREMENT DES CENTRES GERMINATIFS. L'OBJET DE NOTRE TRAVAIL A ETE DE PRECISER LES CONSEQUENCES DE L'INFECTION PAR LE VIH POUR LES LYMPHOCYTES B ET LEURS FONCTIONS, AVEC UN INTERET PLUS SPECIAL POUR LES CONDITIONS MICRO-ENVIRONNEMENTALES DES CENTRES GERMINATIFS. AUCUNE INFECTION DES LYMPHOCYTES B N'A PU ETRE DEMONTREE A CE JOUR, IN VIVO. TOUTEFOIS, LES LYMPHOCYTES B PEUVENT CONSTITUER UNE CIBLE POTENTIELLE DU VIH PUISQU'UNE INFECTION IN VITRO DE CES CELLULES A PU ETRE OBTENUE. A L'AIDE DE NOTRE MODELE IN VITRO D'INFECTION DES CELLULES B, NOUS AVONS, TOUT D'ABORD, DETERMINE AVEC PRECISION LES MECANISMES D'ENTREE DU VIRUS DANS LES LYMPHOCYTES B NORMAUX DES ORGANES LYMPHOIDES SECONDAIRES. DEUX VOIES MAJEURES D'ENTREE DU VIRUS ONT ETE TROUVEES : LA VOIE CLASSIQUE IMPLIQUANT LE RECEPTEUR CD4, ET LA VOIE DES RECEPTEURS AU COMPLEMENT CD21 ET CD35. NOUS AVONS ENSUITE ETUDIE LES EFFETS DES INTERACTIONS CD40-CD154, ET DES CYTOKINES DU MICROENVIRONNEMENT FOLLICULAIRE, SUR LA REGULATION DE LA REPLICATION DU VIH AU SEIN DES LYMPHOCYTES B INFECTES IN VITRO. LES RESULTATS ONT MONTRE QU'UNE PRE-ACTIVATION DES CELLULES B, AVANT INFECTION PAR LE VIH, PAR DES ESTERS DE PHORBOL OU DES ANTICORPS ANTI-CD40 ADDITIONNES D'IL-4 AUGMENTAIT DE MANIERE SUBSTANTIELLE LA REPLICATION DU VIH DANS LES LYMPHOCYTES B. INDEPENDAMMENT DE TOUTE PREACTIVATION, L'AJOUT D'IL-2, AVEC OU SANS IL-4, ET DANS UNE MOINDRE MESURE, LES INTERACTIONS CD40-CD154 CONDUISAIENT, APRES LA MISE EN CULTURE DES LYMPHOCYTES B INFECTES, A UNE AUGMENTATION IMPORTANTE DE LA REPLICATION VIRALE. CETTE REPLICATION INDUITE PAR LES CYTOKINES EST REGULEE NEGATIVEMENT LORSQUE DE L'IL-10 EST AJOUTE AU MILIEU DE CULTURE. AU NIVEAU DES TISSUS LYMPHOIDES, LES LYMPHOCYTES T CD4+ DES CENTRES GERMINATIFS SONT LES PRINCIPALES CELLULES REPLIQUANT LE VIRUS. NOUS NOUS SOMMES DONC INTERESSES AUX CONSEQUENCES DE LA COSTIMULATION T-B SUR LA REPLICATION VIRALE DES LYMPHOCYTES T INFECTES PAR LE VIH. LES RESULTATS ONT MONTRE QUE LES SIGNAUX INDUITS PAR LE RECEPTEUR CD86 JOUAIENT UN ROLE PLUS IMPORTANT SUR LA REPLICATION DU VIH DANS LES LYMPHOCYTES T QUE CEUX INDUITS PAR LE RECEPTEUR CD80. EN FINAL, NOUS AVONS RECHERCHE LES CONSEQUENCES IN VIVO DE L'INFECTION SUR LES LYMPHOCYTES B DES CENTRES GERMINATIFS PAR UNE ETUDE IMMUNOHISTOCHIMIQUE EFFECTUEE A L'AIDE DE COUPES CONGELEES DE GANGLIONS HYPERPLASIQUES DE PATIENTS SERONEGATIFS ET SEROPOSITIFS POUR LE VIH. LES RESULTATS ONT REVELE, EN PLUS DE CEUX DEJA DECRITS PAR LA LITTERATURE, UNE PERTE IMPORTANTE DE LA POLARISATION DES CENTRES GERMINATIFS DES PATIENTS INFECTES PAR LE VIH. DE PLUS, NOUS AVONS OBSERVE UNE DIMINUTION IMPORTANTE DE L'EXPRESSION DU MARQUEUR CD80 CHEZ LES PATIENTS INFECTES ALORS QUE L'EXPRESSION DE CD86 DEMEURAIT PRESENTE CHEZ CES DERNIERS, AVEC UNE INTENSITE COMPARABLE A CELLE OBSERVEE CHEZ LES PATIENTS SERONEGATIFS. L'ENSEMBLE DE CES RESULTATS MONTRE QUE LE MICROENVIRONNEMENT SPECIALISE QU'EST LE CENTRE GERMINATIF, CONSTITUE, TANT PAR LA PRESENCE DES VIRIONS OPSONISES QUE PAR LA NATURE DES INTERACTIONS CELLULAIRES, UN SITE TRES FAVORABLE A L'INFECTION DES CELLULES ET A LA REPLICATION DU VIRUS DANS LES LYMPHOCYTES B ET T. CES CENTRES PARTICIPENT DONC ACTIVEMENT A LA CHRONICITE ET A L'EVOLUTION DE LA MALADIE NOTAMMENT EN RAISON DE LEUR FORTE ALTERATION ARCHITECTURALE ET FONCTIONNELLE.
Download or read book HIV and Disability written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-11-17 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Security Administration (SSA) uses a screening tool called the Listing of Impairments to identify claimants who are so severely impaired that they cannot work at all and thus qualify for disability benefits. In this report, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) makes several recommendations for improving SSA's capacity for determining disability benefits more accurately and quickly using the HIV Infection Listings.
Download or read book Cost benefit Aspects of Food Irradiation Processing written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a symposium jointly organized by the IAEA, FAO and WHO, Aix-en-Provence, 1-5 March 1993. Natural isotopes are among the most powerful tools for investigating past and current environmental changes. The purpose of the symposium was to evaluate the costs and benefits of irradiation for treating various food items either alone or in combination with other processes. The evaluation covered applications of the technology in terms of reducing food losses as well as the possible economic impact of irradiation in controlling or reducing certain food-borne illnesses and in expanding trade in certain food items. Discussion focused on the economic benefits of irradiation to control a number of food-borne diseases, especially those originating from the consumption of food of animal origin, and on the potential economic benefit from radiation as a quarantine treatment for fresh fruits and vegetables.
Download or read book Evolution of Awareness written by Kia Marlene and published by . This book was released on 2022-03-08 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolution of Awareness, the debut poetry collection from Kia Marlene, is a book about a spiritual journey towards enlightenment. The collection consists of 6 chapters, titled "The Egg," "The Caterpillar," "Intermission (heartbreak&love)," "The Cocoon," "The Butterfly," and a chapter titled "Knock Knock." Through numerous poems this book outlines various thoughts, questions and eventual answers concerning our collective greater purpose in life, self love, consciousness, and personhood. The author intends for this book to help broaden the reader's general perception, view of their environment, awareness, and sense of self.
Download or read book Iheoma My Dear written by Gloria Ernest Samuel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The River written by Edward Hooper and published by Back Bay. This book was released on 2000 with total page 1118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A British medical journalist offers a meticulously researched look at HIV and its potential source, discussing the history of this lethal epidemic, analyzing a number of theories concerning its origins, and investigating current scientific inquiries into HIV, AIDS, and the search for a cure. Reprint. 15,000 first printing.
Download or read book Bacchantes written by Euripides and published by . This book was released on 1885 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alphaherpesviruses written by Sandra Knowles Weller and published by Caister Academic Press Limited. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alphaherpesviruses are a fascinating group of DNA viruses that includes important human pathogens such as herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), HSV-2, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV): the causative agents of cold sores, genital ulcerous disease, and chickenpox/shingles, respectively. A key attribute of these viruses is their ability to establish lifelong latent infection in the peripheral nervous system of the host. Such persistence requires subversion of the host's immune system and intrinsic antiviral defense mechanisms. Understanding the mechanisms of the immune evasion and what triggers viral reactivation is a major challenge for today's researchers. This has prompted enormous research efforts into understanding the molecular and cellular biology of these viruses. This up-to-date and comprehensive volume aims to distill the most important research in this area providing a timely overview of the field. Topics covered include: transcriptional regulation, DNA replication, translational control, virus entry and capsid assembly, the role of microRNAs in infection and oncolytic vectors for cancer therapy. In addition there is coverage of virus-host interactions, including apoptosis, subversion of host protein quality control and DNA damage response pathways, autophagy, establishment and reactivation from latency, interferon responses, immunity and vaccine development. Essential reading for everyone working with alphaherpesviruses and of interest to all virologists working on latent infections.
Download or read book PEPFAR Implementation written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-10-17 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2003, Congress passed the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act, which established a 5-year, $15 billion initiative to help countries around the world respond to their AIDS epidemics. The initiative is generally referred to by the title of the 5-year strategy required by the act-PEPFAR, or the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. PEPFAR Implementation evaluates this initiative's progress and concludes that although PEPFAR has made a promising start, U.S. leadership is still needed in the effort to respond to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The book recommends that the program transition from its focus on emergency relief to an emphasis on the long-term strategic planning and capacity building necessary for a sustainable response. PEPFAR Implementation will be of interest to policy makers, health care professionals, special interest groups, and others interested in global AIDS relief.
Download or read book Fletcherism What It Is Or How I Became Young at Sixty written by Horace Fletcher and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2022-06-02 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Fletcherism: what it is: or, How I became young at sixty" by Horace fletcher is a fascinating book on nutrition and diet. The author here relates briefly the story of his regeneration, of how he rescued himself from the prospect of an early grave, and brought himself to his present splendid physical and mental condition. He tells of the discovery of his principles, which have helped millions of people to live better, happier, and healthier lives. The book is a good fit if you are concerned about health and diet.
Download or read book Educational Surveys written by Georgia. Department of Education and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ptolemy s Almagest written by Ptolemy and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 1998-11-08 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ptolemy's Almagest is one of the most influential scientific works in history. A masterpiece of technical exposition, it was the basic textbook of astronomy for more than a thousand years, and still is the main source for our knowledge of ancient astronomy. This translation, based on the standard Greek text of Heiberg, makes the work accessible to English readers in an intelligible and reliable form. It contains numerous corrections derived from medieval Arabic translations and extensive footnotes that take account of the great progress in understanding the work made in this century, due to the discovery of Babylonian records and other researches. It is designed to stand by itself as an interpretation of the original, but it will also be useful as an aid to reading the Greek text.
Download or read book Vegetable Materia Medica written by and published by . This book was released on 186? with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Billy Meier Contacts Reports Book 1 written by Billy Meier and published by . This book was released on 2012-11-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Billy Meier Contact Reports: Book 1This is Book 1 of the long desired series that will eventually contain all of the translated Contact Reports, including corrected versions of the translations done by Wendelle Stevens. The contact numbers will be listed on the cover of each volume, as is the case in the first edition above.This is the perfect way to have your own copies of this invaluable information.
Download or read book Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies Vol 13 2010 2011 written by Catherine Barnard and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies provides a forum for the scrutiny of significant issues in EU Law, the law of the European Convention on Human Rights, and Comparative Law with a 'European' dimension, and particularly those issues which have come to the fore during the year preceding publication. The contributions appearing in the collection are commissioned by the Centre for European Legal Studies (CELS) Cambridge, a research centre in the Law Faculty of the University of Cambridge specialising in European legal issues. The papers presented are at the cutting edge of the fields which they address, and reflect the views of recognised experts drawn from the University world, legal practice, and the institutions of both the EU and its Member States. Inclusion of the comparative dimension brings a fresh perspective to the study of European law, and highlights the effects of globalisation of the law more generally, and the resulting cross fertilisation of norms and ideas that has occurred among previously sovereign and separate legal orders. The Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies is an invaluable resource for those wishing to keep pace with legal developments in the fast moving world of European integration. INDIVIDUAL CHAPTERS Please click on the link below to purchase individual chapters from Volume 13 through Ingenta Connect: www.ingentaconnect.com SUBSCRIPTION TO SERIES To place an annual online subscription or a print standing order through Hart Publishing please click on the link below. Please note that any customers who have a standing order for the printed volumes will now be entitled to free online access. www.hartjournals.co.uk/cyels/subs Editorial Advisory Board: Albertina Albors-Llorens, John Bell, Alan Dashwood, Simon Deakin, David Feldman, Richard Fentiman, Angus Johnston, John Spencer Founding Editors: Alan Dashwood and Angela Ward Ius Commune Prize 2012 Alexandre Saydé wrote Chapter 15 in this volume entitled: 'One Law, Two Competitions: An Enquiry into the Contradictions of Free Movement Law' and we are delighted to announce that he has been awarded the Ius Commune Prize 2012.
Download or read book Biotech Juggernaut written by Tina Stevens and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-01-21 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotech Juggernaut: Hope, Hype, and Hidden Agendas of Entrepreneurial BioScience relates the intensifying effort of bioentrepreneurs to apply genetic engineering technologies to the human species and to extend the commercial reach of synthetic biology or "extreme genetic engineering." In 1980, legal developments concerning patenting laws transformed scientific researchers into bioentrepreneurs. Often motivated to create profit-driven biotech start-up companies or to serve on their advisory boards, university researchers now commonly operate under serious conflicts of interest. These conflicts stand in the way of giving full consideration to the social and ethical consequences of the technologies they seek to develop. Too often, bioentrepreneurs have worked to obscure how these technologies could alter human evolution and to hide the social costs of keeping on this path. Tracing the rise and cultural politics of biotechnology from a critical perspective, Biotech Juggernaut aims to correct the informational imbalance between producers of biotechnologies on the one hand, and the intended consumers of these technologies and general society, on the other. It explains how the converging vectors of economic, political, social, and cultural elements driving biotechnology’s swift advance constitutes a juggernaut. It concludes with a reflection on whether it is possible for an informed public to halt what appears to be a runaway force.
