Download or read book Restricted Cost Functions and the Rate of Return to Quasi fixed Factors with an Application to R D and Capital in the Bell System written by Mark Schankerman and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book R D Patents and Productivity written by Zvi Griliches and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An essential reference for specialists in the economics of technological change."--D. G. McFertridge, Canadian Journal of Economics
Download or read book Public Infrastructure and Private Sector Profitability and Productivity in Mexico written by Anwar Shah and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1988 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microeconometric analysis of Mexican industry shows additional investment in public infrastructure produces only a small increase in output. This suggests that the policy emphasis in Mexico should be on the better upkeep of existing infrastructure to ensure the continuity of public services rather than on new capital investment.
Download or read book Management Accountancy Research Working Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NBER Reporter written by National Bureau of Economic Research and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Collected Reprints written by Southwest Fisheries Center (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Collected Reprints written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Incentive Effects of Taxes on Income from Capital written by Don Fullerton and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we evaluate existing tax law as of 1980, President Reagan's tax reform initiatives as enacted in the Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 (ERTA) and the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (TEFRA), as well as other proposals that were not enacted. For each law, we measure marginal effective total tax rates for capital in the corporate sector, the noncorporate sector, and the owner-occupied housing sector. These rates include taxation under the corporate income tax, the personal income tax, and property taxes, in order to capture the full distortion of individuals' choices between present and future consumption as well as the distortions in the choice of investment. Effective tax rates in 1980 were perceived as high in the corporate sector, at least partly because of inflation, and especially when compared to the tax-free treatment of imputed rents from owner-occupied housing. In contrast, we find that (1) the total effective tax rate in the corporate sector was only 35 percent, about half of the rate in some previous estimates; (2) the total effective tax in the noncorporate sector was 36 percent, higher than in the corporate sector; (3) the total effective tax in owner-occupied housing was 19 percent, because of a higher relative property tax rate; and (4) under either 1980 or 1982 law, the marginal effective total tax rate does not rise with inflation in any sector or for the economy as a whole. By 1982 the rate in the corporate sector fell to 30 percent, by more than in other sectors.
Download or read book Handbook of Production Economics written by Subhash C. Ray and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-02 with total page 1797 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This three-volume handbook includes state-of-the-art surveys in different areas of neoclassical production economics. Volumes 1 and 2 cover theoretical and methodological issues only. Volume 3 includes surveys of empirical applications in different areas like manufacturing, agriculture, banking, energy and environment, and so forth.
Download or read book Marine Resource Economics written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investment in R D Costs of Adjustment and Expectations written by Mark Schankerman and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper proposes a framework which integrates convex costs of adjustment and expectations formation in the determination of investment decisions in R&D at the firm level. The model is based on cost minimization subject to the firm's expectations of the stream of output and the price of R&D, and results in equations for actual and multiple-span planned investment in R&D and for the realization error as functions of these expectations. The model accommodates alternative mechanisms of expectations formation and provides a methodology for testing these hypotheses empirically. We derive estimable equations and testable parameter restrictions for the rational, adaptive and static expectations hypotheses. The empirical results using pooled firm data strongly reject the rational and static expectations hypotheses and generally support adaptive expectations. [Resumen de autor]
Download or read book A Test of Dual Labor Market Theory written by William T. Dickens and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite substantial differences in their views of the appropriate policy response to the existence of poverty, neither the proponents of dual market theory nor its critics have proposed potentially conclusive tests of the dual market hypothesis. This paper presents a test of the two central propositions of dual market theory -- 1) the existence of two distinct labor markets with different wage setting mechanisms and 2) the existence of barriers to mobility between the labor markets. We find considerable support for both hypothesis. Estimation of a switching model of wage determination with unknown regimes yields two distinct wage equations. The one which most workers are associated with closely resembles the standard human capital regression with significant returns to education and experience. The other equation is flat with no returns to human capital. These two equations resemble the predictions of dual market theory for the "primary" and "secondary" markets respectively. Further, we present evidence that(at least) some non-white workers are involuntarily confined to the secondary market. This crowding of minority workers into the low wage labor market accounts for a substantial portion of white/non-white wage differences. We interpret these results as providing empirical support for the dual market hypothesis and for recent theoretical work on efficiency wagemodels. In addition, combining the efficiency wage argument with the observation that much of the white/non-white wage difference is explained by the exclusion of non-whites from the primary sector suggests an explanation for the persistance of wage differences
Download or read book Trading and the Tax Shelter Value of Depreciable Real Estate written by Patric H. Hendershott and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For well-diversified investors in depreciable real estate, the trading decision may be made with the sole objective of maximizing the property's depreciation tax shelter net of all capital gain taxes and transaction costs. This paper develops a dynamic programming model in which the optimal trading strategies and depreciation methods of all investors in a property are simultaneously determined. The effects of inflation, depreciation, recapture and choice of depreciation method are analyzed, and the costs of suboptimal trading are measured. The model is applied to both conventional residential and commercial income properties under post-ERTA tax rules. At single digitinflation rates, properties are traded multiple times, and the costs of suboptimal trading are significant.
Download or read book The Permanent Income Hypothesis and Consumption Durability written by Fumio Hayashi and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The permanent income hypothesis is tested on a four-quarter panel of about two thousand Japanese households for ten commodity groups. Consumption is a distributed lag function of expenditures, and the utility function is additively separable in time. Durability is defined as the persistence of the distributed lag. The permanent income hypothesis implies that, for each commodity group, expected change in expenditures is correlated neither with past expenditure changes on other commodities nor with expected change indisposable income, if its own lags are controlled for. The main results are the following: (1) durability is substantial even for food and services, (2)the permanent income hypothesis applies to almost all (probably more than ninety percent) of the population, and (3) the habit persistence hypothesis is rejected in favor of the permanent income hypothesis.
Download or read book Taxation and Savings written by Laurence J. Kotlikoff and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses recent neoclassical analyses of taxation and savings.Contrary to the popular view that fiscal policy has highly ambiguous impacts on savings, neoclassical models admit a host of policies with clear and potentially quite powerful affects on the accumulation of wealth.The paper considers four fundamental types of fiscal policies and compares their quantitative affect on savings.The essential elements of these policies involve inter- and intragenerational redistribution, marginal and intra-marginal taxation, and the level of government consumption. Conventional accounting measures of "taxes", "spending", and "deficits" provide, at best, little guide to changes in underlying fiscal instruments and, at worst, precisely opposite indicators of the direction of such changes. Indeed, the continued use of and concern with conventional fiscal measures is symptomatic of wide spread fiscal illusion.These points are developed within the context of certainty models. The paper also considers the role of fiscal policy in both mitigating and exacerbating economic risks facing the private sector. Since precaution is a major motivation for saving, governments can greatly influence wealth accumulation either by using fiscal policy to pool private risks or by making fiscal policy itself highly uncertain.
Download or read book Expectations Surprises and Treasury Bill Rates 1960 82 written by Patric H. Hendershott and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in six-month bill rates over semiannual periods in the 1960s and 1970s are successfully related to expected changes and to surprises. The latter include unanticipated changes in expected inflation, in the growth of industrial production and base money, and in inflation uncertainty. Estimation of the basic equation through the middle of 1983 does not suggest anychange in structure. Moreover the equation "explains" 60 percent of the extraordinarily high level of real rates since late 1980, largely owing to an excess of unexpected net increases in anticipated inflation over actualin creases.Our estimates provide some support for the expectations theory; there appears to be information content in six-month forward rates. While this content is swamped by the impact of surprises in equations explaining rate changes in terms of forward rates alone, the content is clear when proxies for the surprises are included in the equations.
Download or read book Effects of Expected Future Government Deficits on Current Economic Activity written by Ray C. Fair and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
