Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Electoral Behaviour written by Kai Arzheimer and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2017-02-27 with total page 1382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of voting behaviour remains a vibrant sub-discipline of political science. The Handbook of Electoral Behaviour is an authoritative and wide ranging survey of this dynamic field, drawing together a team of the world′s leading scholars to provide a state-of-the-art review that sets the agenda for future study. Taking an interdisciplinary approach and focusing on a range of countries, the handbook is composed of eight parts. The first five cover the principal theoretical paradigms, establishing the state of the art in their conceptualisation and application, and followed by chapters on their specific challenges and innovative applications in contemporary voting studies. The remaining three parts explore elements of the voting process to understand their different effects on vote outcomes. The SAGE Handbook of Electoral Behaviour is an essential benchmark publication for advanced students, researchers and practitioners in the fields of politics, sociology, psychology and research methods.

Download or read book Neurobiology of Decision Making written by Antonio R. Damasio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroscience has paid only little attention to decision-making for many years. Although no field of science has cohered around this topic, a variety of researchers in different areas of neuroscience ranging from cellular physiology to neuropsychology and computational neuroscience have been engaged in working on this issue. Thus, the time seemed to be ripe to bring these researchers together and discuss the state of the art of the neurobiology of decision-making in a broad forum. This book is a collection of contributions presented at that forum in Paris in October 1994 organized by the Fondation IPSEN.

Download or read book The Fallacy of Corporate Moral Agency written by David Rönnegard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is uncontroversial that corporations are legal agents that can be held legally responsible, but can corporations also be moral agents that are morally responsible? Part one of this book explicates the most prominent theories of corporate moral agency and provides a detailed debunking of why corporate moral agency is a fallacy. This implies that talk of corporate moral responsibilities, beyond the mere metaphorical, is essentially meaningless. Part two takes the fallacy of corporate moral agency as its premise and spells out its implications. It shows how prominent normative theories within Corporate Social Responsibility, such as Stakeholder Theory and Social Contract Theory, rest on an implicit assumption of corporate moral agency. In this metaphysical respect such theories are untenable. In order to provide a more robust metaphysical foundation for corporations the book explicates the development of the corporate legal form in the US and UK, which displays how the corporation has come to have its current legal attributes. This historical evolution shows that the corporation is a legal fiction created by the state in order to serve both public and private goals. The normative implication for corporate accountability is that citizens of democratic states ought to primarily make calls for legal enactments in order to hold the corporate legal instruments accountable to their preferences.

Download or read book Principles of Comparative Politics written by William Roberts Clark and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2017-02-23 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Comparative Politics offers the most comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to comparative inquiry, research, and scholarship. In this thoroughly revised Third Edition, students now have an even better guide to cross-national comparison and why it matters. The new edition retains a focus on the enduring questions with which scholars grapple, the issues about which consensus has started to emerge, and the tools comparativists use to get at the complex problems in the field. Among other things, the updates to this edition include a thoroughly-revised chapter on dictatorships that incorporates a discussion of the two fundamental problems of authoritarian rule: authoritarian power-sharing and authoritarian control; a revised chapter on culture and democracy that includes a more extensive examination of cultural modernization theory and a new overview of survey methods for addressing sensitive topics; a new section on issues related to electoral integrity; an expanded assessment of different forms of representation; and a new intuitive take on statistical analyses that provides a clearer explanation of how to interpret regression results. Examples from the gender and politics literature have been incorporated into various chapters, the Problems sections at the end of each chapter have been expanded, a! nd the empirical examples and data on various types of institutions have been updated. Online videos and tutorials are available to address some of the more methodological components discussed in the book. The authors have thoughtfully streamlined chapters to better focus attention on key topics.

Download or read book Group Decision Making written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2024-08-01 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Group Decision Making is essential in Political Science, offering insights into the collective choices that shape governance and policy outcomes. This book is perfect for professionals, students, and enthusiasts looking to deepen their understanding of political processes and improve decision-making skills. Chapter 1: Group Decision-Making - Explores the principles and processes involved in making decisions as a group. Chapter 2: Cognitive Bias - Examines various cognitive biases and their impact on group decisions. Chapter 3: Heuristic - Highlights the efficiency and pitfalls of mental shortcuts in political contexts. Chapter 4: Cognitive Dissonance - Discusses the discomfort from conflicting beliefs and its effects on group choices. Chapter 5: Decision-Making - Provides an overview of the decision-making process and strategies for consensus. Chapter 6: Hindsight Bias - Explores the tendency to see events as predictable after they occur. Chapter 7: List of Cognitive Biases - A reference guide to biases affecting group decisions. Chapter 8: Attribution Bias - Investigates how groups misjudge causes of behaviors and events. Chapter 9: False Consensus Effect - Examines the overestimation of agreement within groups. Chapter 10: Anchoring (Cognitive Bias) - Discusses how initial information influences group decisions. Chapter 11: Political Psychology - Connects psychological principles to political behaviors. Chapter 12: Emotional Reasoning - Highlights the role of emotions in decision-making. Chapter 13: The Wisdom of Crowds - Explores when group decisions are accurate. Chapter 14: Dual Process Theory - Balances intuitive and analytical approaches in group settings. Chapter 15: Selective Exposure Theory - Examines the preference for information that aligns with existing beliefs. Chapter 16: Wisdom of the Crowd - Looks deeper into collective intelligence. Chapter 17: Motivated Tactician - Discusses selective cognitive strategies in group decisions. Chapter 18: Heuristic (Psychology) - Revisits heuristics from a psychological perspective. Chapter 19: Shared Information Bias - Explores the focus on shared information over unique insights. Chapter 20: Cognitive Bias Mitigation - Strategies for reducing cognitive biases in group decisions. Chapter 21: Social Heuristics - Examines heuristics in social interactions affecting group dynamics. This book provides valuable insights and practical strategies, making it an essential resource for enhancing understanding and effectiveness in collective political processes.

Download or read book Action and Interaction written by Shaun Gallagher and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shaun Gallagher presents a ground-breaking interdisciplinary account of human action, bringing out its essentially social dimension. He explores and synthesizes the different approaches of action theory, social cognition, and critical social theory. He shows that in order to understand human agency and the aspects of mind that are associated with it, we need to grasp the crucial role of context or circumstance in action, and the normative constraints of social and cultural practices. He also investigates issues concerning social cognition and embodied intersubjective interaction, including direct social perception and the role of narrative and communicative practices from an interdisciplinary perspective. Gallagher thereby brings together embodied and enactive approaches to action for the first time in this book and, in developing an alternative to standard conceptions of understanding others, he bridges social cognition and critical social theory, drawing out the implications for recognition, autonomy, and justice.

Download or read book Principles of Shared Responsibility in International Law written by André Nollkaemper and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-12-04 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Shared Responsibility in International Law series examines the underexplored problem of allocation of responsibilities among multiple states and other actors. The International Law Commission, in its work on state responsibility and the responsibility of international organisations, recognised that attribution of acts to one state or organisation does not exclude possible attribution of the same act to another state or organisation, but has provided limited guidance on allocation or reparation. From the new perspective of shared responsibility, this volume reviews the main principles of the law of international responsibility as laid down in the Articles on State Responsibility and the Articles on Responsibility of International Organizations, such as attribution of conduct, breach, circumstances precluding wrongfulness and reparation. It explores the potential and limitations of current international law in dealing with questions of shared responsibility in areas such as military operations and international environmental law.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Public Choice written by Roger D. Congleton and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 1017 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Public Choice provides a comprehensive overview of the research in economics, political science, law, and sociology that has generated considerable insight into the politics of democratic and authoritarian systems as well as the influence of different institutional frameworks on incentives and outcomes. The result is an improved understanding of public policy, public finance, industrial organization, and macroeconomics as the combination of political and economic analysis shed light on how various interests compete both within a given rules of the games and, at times, to change the rules. These volumes include analytical surveys, syntheses, and general overviews of the many subfields of public choice focusing on interesting, important, and at times contentious issues. Throughout the focus is on enhancing understanding how political and economic systems act and interact, and how they might be improved. Both volumes combine methodological analysis with substantive overviews of key topics. This second volume examines constitutional political economy and also various applications, including public policy, international relations, and the study of history, as well as methodological and measurement issues. Throughout both volumes important analytical concepts and tools are discussed, including their application to substantive topics. Readers will gain increased understanding of rational choice and its implications for collective action; various explanations of voting, including economic and expressive; the role of taxation and finance in government dynamics; how trust and persuasion influence political outcomes; and how revolution, coups, and authoritarianism can be explained by the same set of analytical tools as enhance understanding of the various forms of democracy.

Download or read book Collective Decisions Theory Algorithms And Decision Support Systems written by Tomasz Szapiro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-13 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a token of appreciation for Professor Gregory E. Kersten (1949–2020), one of the most prominent and active researchers and scholars in the broadly perceived field of collective decisions, notably negotiations, the author of numerous influential papers, books, and edited volumes, a great scientist, mentor, and a loyal friend and colleague. This book contains some papers in the fields of group and collective decisions, voting, social choice, negotiations, and related topics, with examples of real applications. The authors are top researchers and scholars from all over the world whose life and academic career has been inspired and influenced by Professor Kersten.

Download or read book Should We Change How We Vote written by Andrew Potter and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2017-04-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 2015 federal election, the Liberal Party pledged that, if elected, they would end the “first past the post” electoral system, where whichever candidate receives the most votes wins a riding even if they have not received a majority of all votes cast. In early 2017, the Liberals reneged on their campaign promise, declaring that there was a lack of public consensus about how to reform the system. Despite the broken promise – and because of the public outcry – discussions about electoral reform will continue around the country. Challenging the idea that first past the post is obsolete, Should We Change How We Vote? urges Canadians to make sure they understand their electoral system before making drastic changes to it. The contributors to this volume assert that there is perhaps no institution more misunderstood and misrepresented than the Canadian electoral system – praised by some for ensuring broad regional representation in Ottawa, but criticized by others for allowing political parties with less than half the popular vote to assume more than half the seats in Parliament. They consider not only how the system works, but also its flaws and its advantages, and whether or not electoral reform is legitimate without a referendum. An essential guide to the crucial and ongoing debate about the country’s future, Should We Change How We Vote? asks if there are alternative reforms that would be easier to implement than a complete overhaul of the electoral system.

Download or read book Principles of Management written by David S. Bright and published by . This book was released on 2023-05-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black & white print. Principles of Management is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the introductory course on management. This is a traditional approach to management using the leading, planning, organizing, and controlling approach. Management is a broad business discipline, and the Principles of Management course covers many management areas such as human resource management and strategic management, as well as behavioral areas such as motivation. No one individual can be an expert in all areas of management, so an additional benefit of this text is that specialists in a variety of areas have authored individual chapters.

Download or read book Foundations of Comparative Politics written by William Roberts Clark and published by CQ Press. This book was released on 2024-07-26 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adapted from the groundbreaking bestseller Principles of Comparative Politics, Fourth Edition! Foundations of Comparative Politics, Second Edition presents a scientific approach to the rich world of comparative inquiry, research, and scholarship, providing a guide to cross-national comparison and why it matters. This condensed, more accessible format introduces students to the key questions in comparative politics, using brief insights from tools such as decision, social choice, and game theory to help them understand clearly why some explanations for political phenomena are stronger than others. William Roberts Clark, Matt Golder, and Sona Nadenichek Golder concentrate on describing the core features of regimes and institutions and on analyzing how these fundamental attributes drive variation in the economic and political outcomes we care about most. This approach—constructing and testing theories on political phenomena over basic memorization of country-specific facts—more closely replicates what comparative scholars do to explain, rather than describe. Current examples that show the application of theory help students develop invaluable real-world skills in critical thinking and empirical analysis that they will carry with them long after the course is over. Included with this title: LMS Cartridge: Import this title’s instructor resources into your school’s learning management system (LMS) and save time. Don′t use an LMS? You can still access all of the same online resources for this title via the password-protected Instructor Resource Site. Select the Resources tab on this page to learn more.

Download or read book Beyond Groupthink written by Paul 't Hart and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Strategic issues and crises in foreign policy are usually managed by relatively small groups of elite policymakers and their closest advisors. Since the pioneering work of Irving Janis in the early 1970s, we have known that the interplay between the members of these groups can have a profound and, indeed, at times a pernicious influence on the content and quality of foreign policy decisions. Janis argued that "groupthink," a term he used to describe a tendency for extreme concurrence-seeking in decision-making groups, was a major cause of a number of U.S. foreign policy fiascoes. And yet not all small groups suffer from groupthink; in fact many high-level bodies are handicapped by an inability to achieve consensus at all. Beyond Groupthink builds upon and extends Janis's legacy. The contributors develop a richer understanding of group dynamics by drawing on alternate views of small-group dynamics. The relevant literature is reviewed and the different perspectives are explored in detailed case studies. The contributors link the group process to the broader organizational and political context of the policy process and stress the need to develop a multi-level understanding of the collegial policy-making process, combining the insights drawn from micro-level theories with those derived from study of broader political phenomena. The contributors include Alexander George, Sally Riggs Fuller, Paul D. Hoyt, Ramon J. Aldag, Max V. Metselaar, Bertjan Verbeek, J. Thomas Preston, Jean A. Garrison, and Yaacov Y. I. Vertzberger. This book should appeal to political scienctists and international relations specialists, as well as researchers in social psychology, public administration, and management interested in group decision-making processes. Paul 't Hart is Associate Professor, Department of Public Administration, Leiden University and Scientific Director of of the Leiden-Rotterdam Crisis Research Center. Eric Stern is Professor of Political Science at Stockholm University. Bengt Sundelius is Professor of Political Science at Stockholm University.

Download or read book Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence written by Anna Beckers and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes three liability regimes to combat the wide responsibility gaps caused by AI systems – vicarious liability for autonomous software agents (actants); enterprise liability for inseparable human-AI interactions (hybrids); and collective fund liability for interconnected AI systems (crowds). Based on information technology studies, the book first develops a threefold typology that distinguishes individual, hybrid and collective machine behaviour. A subsequent social science analysis specifies the socio-digital institutions related to this threefold typology. Then it determines the social risks that emerge when algorithms operate within these institutions. Actants raise the risk of digital autonomy, hybrids the risk of double contingency in human-algorithm encounters, crowds the risk of opaque interconnections. The book demonstrates that the law needs to respond to these specific risks, by recognising personified algorithms as vicarious agents, human-machine associations as collective enterprises, and interconnected systems as risk pools – and by developing corresponding liability rules. The book relies on a unique combination of information technology studies, sociological institution and risk analysis, and comparative law. This approach uncovers recursive relations between types of machine behaviour, emergent socio-digital institutions, their concomitant risks, legal conditions of liability rules, and ascription of legal status to the algorithms involved.

Download or read book The Consequences of Decision Making written by Nils Brunsson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-18 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects a wide range of the most important writing on decision-making by one of Europe's leading organization theorists, brought together in one volume for the first time, with an introduction from the author.

Download or read book Risk Taking and Decision Making written by and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 1998-02 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risks are an integral part of complex, high-stakes decisions, and decisionmakers are faced with the unavoidable tasks of assessing risks and forming risk preferences. This is true for all decision domains, including financial, environmental, and foreign policy domains, among others. How well decisionmakers deal with risk affects, to a considerable extent, the quality of their decisions. This book provides the most comprehensive analysis available of the elements that influence risk judgments and preferences. The book has two dimensions: theoretical and comparative-historical. The study of risk-taking behavior has been dominated by the rational choice approach. Instead, the author adopts a socio-cognitive approach involving: a multivariate theory integrating contextual, cognitive, motivational, and personality factors that affect an individual decisionmaker's judgment and preferences; the social interaction and structural effects of the decisionmaking group and its organizational setting; and the role of cultural-societal values and norms that sanction or discourage risk taking behavior. The book's theoretical approach is applied and tested in five historical case studies of foreign military interventions. The richly detailed empirical data on the case studies make them, metaphorically speaking, an ideal laboratory for applying a process-tracing approach in studying judgment and decision processes at varying risk levels. The case studies analyzed are: U.S. interventions in Grenada in 1983 and Panama in 1989 (both low risk); Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia in 1968 (moderate risk): U.S. intervention in Vietnam in 1964-68 (high risk); and Israel's intervention in Lebanon in 1982-83 (high risk).

Download or read book State Secrecy and Democracy written by Dorota Mokrosinska and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-10-24 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the wake of controversial disclosures of classified government information by WikiLeaks and Edward Snowden, questions about the democratic status of secret uses of political power are rarely far from the headlines. Despite an increase in initiatives aimed at enhancing government transparency – such as freedom of information or sunshine laws – secrecy persists in both the foreign and domestic policy of democratic states, in the form of classified intelligence programs, espionage, secret military operations, diplomatic discretion, closed-door political bargaining, and bureaucratic opacity. This book explores whether the state’s claim to restrict access to information can be justified. Dorota Mokrosinska answers this question with a qualified "yes," arguing that secrecy in exercising executive and legislative power can be seen as a legitimate exercise of democratic authority rather than as its justified suspension. Past and recent examples of state secrecy are used throughout the book, including the Manhattan Project, decision-making leading to the Iraq War, the extraordinary renditions programs and secret detention sites in Eastern Europe, collaboration between international secret services, and the WikiLeaks and Snowden disclosures. State Secrecy and Democracy: A Philosophical Inquiry is essential reading for those in political philosophy, ethics, politics, international relations and security studies, and law.