Download or read book Responses of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder to Sounds of and Interactions with the Double Bass written by Whitney Rose Morelli and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Despite its unique design, no research studies exist on use of the double bass as the primary medium in music therapy interventions. Research identifying the benefits of particular music elements for children with ASD, paired with anecdotal research conveying the clinical value of other orchestral string instruments, implicate the therapeutic potential of individual acoustic and physical properties of the double bass. Analysis of these instrumental components, within the context of music therapy's effectiveness in addressing social, communication, behavioral, and sensory needs, creates a framework of evidence-based support for use of the double bass in music interventions with children with ASD.Objective: The present research study explored responses of children with ASD to sounds of and interactions with the double bass. Patterns of participant reactions were examined for purposes of minimizing the research gap on clinical use of the double bass and assessing the potential benefits of music therapy interventions utilizing double bass for children with ASD.Method: Four pre-school aged children with a diagnosis of ASD participated individually in 2, 15-minute music sessions utilizing the double bass as the primary music and interactive medium. Sessions incorporated singing and playing of simple melodies and traditional children's songs using a variety of sounds and playing styles from the double bass. Data collection, in the form of video recording of music sessions, was used to identify qualitative themes and take quantitative measurements of behavioral responses.Results: Positive behavioral responses to the double bass' physical and acoustic properties, in the forms of sustained attention, physical participation, and interpersonal engagement, were observed across all participants. Response similarities included approaching the instrument; touching the instrument and bow; producing sound from the strings by plucking, patting, and bowing; vocalizing; moving to sounds; and engaging in interpersonal interactions with the researcher. Marked reactions to making contact with and hearing sounds of the bow were observed.Conclusions: Behavioral responses suggested a high level of interest in and willingness to interact with the instrument. Results indicate the double bass's size, vibratory effect on the strings, and incorporation of the bow were motivating elements for participants. Distinct reactions to bow use more broadly implicate the potential value of incorporating orchestral string instruments in music therapy settings with children with ASD. Future double bass research targeting social skills through its size and shared playing opportunities, individualized sensory stimulation through its resonant body, and communication and behavior change through its multitude of sound possibilities, may reveal the instrument's potential for filling a niche in music therapy work with children with ASD.
Download or read book Handbook of Early Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Jonathan Tarbox and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 658 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current rates of autism diagnoses have been cause for concern and research as well as rumor and misinformation. Important questions surround the condition: how early can an accurate diagnosis be made? At what age should intervention start? How can parents recognize warning signs? And what causes autism in the first place? There are no easy answers, but the Handbook of Early Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders gives researchers, practitioners, and academics the science and guidance to better understand and intervene. Background chapters survey the history of professional understanding of the disorders and the ongoing debate over autism as a single entity or a continuum. Chapters on best methods in screening, assessment, and diagnosis reflect the transition between the DSM-V and older diagnostic criteria. And at the heart of the book, the intervention section ranges from evidence-based strategies for developing core skills to ethical concerns, cultural considerations, and controversial treatments. Included in the Handbook's broad-based coverage: Designing curriculum programs for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Mainstream education for children with ASD. Teaching independent living skills to children with ASD. Social skills and play. Behavioral and mental health disorders in children with ASD. Training and supporting caregivers in evidence-based practices. Teaching cognitive skills to children with ASD. The Handbook of Early Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders is a comprehensive reference for researchers, professors, and graduate students as well as clinicians and other scientist-practitioners in clinical child and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, social work, rehabilitation, special education, and pediatric medicine.
Download or read book The Neuroscience of Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Joseph D. Buxbaum and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autism is no longer considered a rare disease, and the Center for Disease Control now estimates that upwards of 730,000 children in the US struggle with this isolating brain disorder. New research is leading to greater understanding of and ability to treat the disorder at an earlier age. It is hoped that further genetic and imaging studies will lead to biologically based diagnostic techniques that could help speed detection and allow early, more effective intervention. Edited by two leaders in the field, this volume offers a current survey and synthesis of the most important findings of the neuroscience behind autism of the past 20 years. With chapters authored by experts in each topic, the volume explores etiology, neuropathology, imaging, and pathways/models. Offering a broad background of ASDs with a unique focus on neurobiology, the volume offers more than the others on the market with a strictly clinical focus or a single authored perspective that fails to offer expert, comprehensive coverage. Researchers and graduate students alike with an interest in developmental disorders and autism will benefit, as will autism specialists across psychology and medicine looking to expand their expertise. Uniquely explores ASDs from a neurobiological angle, looking to uncover the molecular/cellular basis rather than to merely catalog the commonly used behavioral interventions Comprehensive coverage synthesizes widely dispersed research, serving as one-stop shopping for neurodevelopmental disorder researchers and autism specialists Edited work with chapters authored by leaders in the field around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available
Download or read book CBT for Children and Adolescents with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Angela Scarpa and published by Guilford Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book helps clinicians harness the benefits of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for children and adolescents with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Leading treatment developers describe promising approaches for treating common challenges faced by young people with ASD--anxiety and behavior problems, social competence issues, and adolescent concerns around sexuality and intimacy. Chapters present session-by-session overviews of each intervention program, review its evidence base, and address practical considerations in treatment. The book also discusses general issues in adapting CBT for this population and provides a helpful framework for assessment and case conceptualization informed by DSM-5.
Download or read book A Component Analysis of Response Interruption and Redirection for Vocal Stereotypy in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Katherine Pena and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Response Interruption and Redirection (RIRD) was compared to no-interaction, continuous neutral sound, and contingent neutral sound in order to determine the mechanism by which RIRD functions to suppress vocal stereotypy in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. A neutral sound was determined through the use of a preference assessment of various sounds. Use of a neutral sound did not suppress vocal stereotypy in participants. Manipulating the amount of time with a sound playing did not have an effect on vocal stereotypy either. These results suggest that it is unlikely that RIRD suppresses vocal stereotypy through an extinction-like effect. Rather, it is more likely that RIRD suppresses vocal stereotypy through a punishment-like effect.
Download or read book Affective and Social Signals for HRI written by Hatice Gunes and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-02-04 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designing robots with socio-emotional skills is a challenging research topic still in its infancy. These skills are important for robots to be able to provide not only physical, but also social support to human users, and to engage in and sustain long-term interactions with them in a variety of application domains that require human-robot interaction, including healthcare, education, entertainment, manufacturing, and many others. The availability of commercial robotic platforms and developments in collaborative academic research provide us a positive outlook, however, the capabilities of current social robots are quite limited. The main challenge is understanding the underlying mechanisms of the humans in responding to and interacting with real life situations, and how to model these mechanisms for the embodiment of naturalistic, human-inspired behaviors via robots. To address this challenge successfully requires an understanding of the essential components of social interaction including nonverbal behavioral cues such as interpersonal distance, body position, body posture, arm and hand gestures, head and facial gestures, gaze, silences, vocal outbursts and their dynamics. To create truly intelligent social robots, these nonverbal cues need to be interpreted to form an understanding of the higher level phenomena including first-impression formation, social roles, interpersonal relationships, focus of attention, synchrony, affective states, emotions, and personality, and in turn defining optimal protocols and behaviors to express these phenomena through robotic platforms in an appropriate and timely manner. Achieving this goal requires the fields of psychology, nonverbal behavior, vision, social signal processing, affective computing, and HRI to constantly interact with one another. This Research Topic aims to foster such interactions and collaborations by bringing together the latest works and developments from across a range of research groups and disciplines working in these fields. The Research Topic is a collection of 14 articles that span across five research themes. Three articles co-authored by Terada and Takeuchi, Jung et al., and Kennedy et al. explore the design of “social and affective cues” for robots and investigate their effects on human-robot interaction. Mirnig et al., Bremner et al., and Strait et al. investigate people’s “perceptions of robots” in different settings and scenarios, such as when robots make errors. Articles by Lee et al., Leite et al., and Heath et al. investigate the factors that shape “dialogic interaction with robots,” such as interaction context. The articles under the theme “social and affective therapy” by Rouaix et al., Rudovic et al., and Matsuda et al. report on how individuals from clinical populations, such as those with dementia, autism, and other pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), interact with robots in therapeutic scenarios. Finally, Miklósi et al. and Durantin et al. offer “new perspectives in human-robot interaction” with a focus on reframing social interaction and human-robot relationships. We are excited about sharing this rich collection with the scientific community and about its contributions to the human-robot interaction literature.
Download or read book Auditory Brainstem Response and Language in Typically Developing Children and Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Lisa Tecoulesco and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Syntactic, semantic, and phonological knowledge are vital aspects of macro level language ability. Prior research has focused on environmental or cortical sources of individual differences in these areas. Subcortical contributions of the auditory brainstem have also been found to contribute to language ability in both typically developing (TD) populations and children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study investigates whether one aspect of auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), response stability, a metric of the variability of instance to instance neural encoding of sound, can predict syntactic, semantic, and phonological performance in TD and ASD school-aged children. This study further investigates the degree to which phonological discrimination serves as a moderator of any relationship found between /da/ stability and syntax and semantics. Results showed that higher /da/ stability was associated with better phonological discrimination and syntactic performance in both TD and ASD children. Furthermore, phonological discrimination was a successful mediator of the relationship between /da/ stability and syntactic performance. This study supports the growing body of literature that stable subcortical neural encoding of sound is important for language development.
Download or read book International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders written by Johnny L. Matson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-16 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1940s, when first identified as childhood psychosis and autistic psychopathy, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has continued to burgeon into a major focus of inquiry and interest among researchers, practitioners, and the public alike. With each passing decade, the number of scholarly articles addressing ASD and related disabilities continues to soar. Today, thousands of papers on autism are published annually across various disciplines and journals, making it challenging – if not impossible – to keep pace with, let alone synthesize, all the latest developments. Based on a solid historical foundation of autism theory and research, the International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders integrates the broad scholarly base of literature with a trenchant analysis of the state of the field in nosology, etiology, assessment, and treatment. Its expert contributors examine recent findings and controversies (e.g., how prevalent autism actually is), along with longstanding topics of interest as well as emerging issues. Coverage includes: A survey of diagnostic criteria and assessment strategies. Genetic, behavioral, biopsychosocial, and cognitive models. Psychiatric disorders in persons with ASD. Theory of mind and facial recognition. Diagnostic instruments for assessing core features and challenging behaviors. Evidence-based psychosocial, pharmacological, and integrative treatments. Interventions specifically for adults with ASD. Training issues for professionals and parents. A review of findings of successful and promising therapies, coupled with guidance on how to distinguish between dubious and effective treatments. The International Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders is an indispensable resource for researchers, professors, graduate students, and allied practitioners in clinical child and school psychology, child and adolescent psychiatry, education, social work, rehabilitation, pediatric medicine, and developmental psychology.
Download or read book Music Therapy and Autism Across the Lifespan written by Henry Dunn and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2019-06-21 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of music therapy is long established with people with Autistic Spectrum Conditions. The combination of using music and relationship work in person-centred approaches supports the three main areas of difficulty people with autism often experience; social interaction, communication and imagination. Current research supports the positive psychological benefits of music therapy when people with autism spectrum conditions engage with music therapy. This book celebrates the richness of music therapy approaches and brings together the voices of practitioners in the UK. With a strong focus on practice-based evidence it showcases clinicians, researchers and educators working in a variety of settings across the lifespan.
Download or read book Examining the Effects of Kodaly based Music Experiences on Social Communication Responses and Music Learning for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook on Animal Assisted Therapy written by Aubrey H Fine and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 15 years since the first edition of Handbook on Animal-Assisted Therapy published, the field has changed considerably. The fourth edition of the Handbook highlights advances in the field, with 11 new chapters and over 40% new material. In reading this book, therapists will discover the benefits of incorporating animal-assisted therapy (AAT) into their practices, best practices in animal-assisted intervention, how to design and implement animal-assisted interventions, and the efficacy of AAT with different disorders and patient populations. Coverage includes the use of AAT with children, the elderly, those receiving palliative care, as well as people with chronic disorders, AIDS, trauma, and autistic spectrum disorders. Additional chapters cover techniques for working with families, in juvenile and criminal justice systems, and in colleges and universities. Summarizes efficacy research on AAT Identifies how to design and implement animal assisted interventions Provides methods, standards, and guidelines for AAT Discusses AAT for children, the elderly, and special populations Describes AAT use in different settings Includes 11 new chapters and 40% new material
Download or read book Aided Augmentative Communication for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Jennifer B. Ganz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-16 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just as autism is a continuum of disorders, it is associated with a broad range of neurodevelopmental, social, and communication deficits. For individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) has a major impact on their daily lives, often reducing the occurrence of challenging behaviors. Aided Augmentative Communication for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders is a practical guide to the field, offering readers a solid grounding in ASD, related complex communication needs (CCN), and AAC, especially visual and computer-based technologies. Widely used interventions and tools in AAC are reviewed—not just how they work, but why they work—to aid practitioners in choosing those most suited to individual clients or students. Issues in evaluation for aided AAC and debates concerning its usability round out the coverage. Readers come away with a deeper understanding of the centrality of communication for clients with ASD and the many possibilities for intervention. Key areas of coverage include: AAC and assessment of people with ASD and CCN. Interdisciplinary issues and collaboration in assessment and treatment. AAC intervention mediated by natural communication partners. Functional communication training with AAC. The controversy surrounding facilitated communication. Sign language versus AAC. Aided Augmentative Communication for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders is an essential resource for clinicians/practitioners, researchers, and graduate students in such fields as child and school psychology, speech pathology, language education, developmental psychology, behavior therapy, and educational technology.
Download or read book Assessing the Effects of Observational Conditioning and Response contingent Pairing on Increasing Vocalizations in Children with ASD written by Sydni Chance and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often display impairments in communication. More specifically, children with ASD may have difficulty developing language skills, for e.g., delay in verbal behavior, limited echoic skills, and/or lack of functional communication. A common way to combat this deficit is by increasing vocalizations in these children. Previous research has used various procedures to attempt to condition vocalizations as reinforcers, such as stimulus-stimulus pairing, response-contingent pairing (RCP), and operant discrimination training. Another procedure for conditioning stimuli is observational conditioning (OC), which is a type of observational learning. However, OC has not been assessed as a procedure for conditioning echoics as reinforcers. As such, the current compared the effects of two conditioning procedures, RCP and OC, to determine their efficacy in conditioning vocalizations as reinforcer and their effect on rate of vocalizations of children with autism. Three children, ages 5-10 years old, participated in this study. For two participants, both procedures resulted in an increase in vocalizations; and, a conditioning effect was observed for two of the participants.
Download or read book The Role of Response Interruption and Redirection and Matched Stimulation in the Reduction of Vocal Stereotypy in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Connolly J. Bourn and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the current investigation was threefold; 1) to evaluate the effectiveness of response interruption and redirection (RIRD) and non-contingent matched stimulation (NMS) on the reduction of vocal stereotypy in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), 2) to determine if the combination of RIRD and NMS into one treatment package (RIRD+NMS) led to a greater suppression of vocal stereotypy and 3) to demonstrate the applicability of the interventions in a natural environment (classroom). Results demonstrated the efficacy of both interventions in the reduction of vocal stereotypy. The combination of RIRD and NMS together was found to have the strongest suppressive effect on vocal stereotypy for the single participant who was exposed to that condition. The findings indicated RIRD and NMS transferred well to the natural environment of the classroom. Furthermore, increases in appropriate vocalisations were found for two out of three participants, despite not being directly targeted in the intervention.
Download or read book Autism in the Workplace written by Amy E. Hurley-Hanson and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the career experiences of Generation A, the half-million individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who will reach adulthood in the next decade. With Generation A eligible to enter the workforce in unprecedented numbers, research is needed to help individuals, organizations, and educational institutions to work together to create successful work experiences and career outcomes for individuals with ASD. Issues surrounding ASD in the workplace are discussed from individual, organizational, and societal perspectives. This book also examines the stigma of autism and how it may affect the employment and career experiences of individuals with ASD. This timely book provides researchers, practitioners, and employers with empirical data that examines the work and career experiences of individuals with ASD. It offers a framework for organizations committed to hiring individuals with ASD and enhancing their work experiences and career outcomes now and in the future.
Download or read book Autism written by Michael Rutter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume aims to provide the reader with an up-to-date account of knowledge, research, education, and clinical practice in the field of au tism, from an international perspective. The emphasis throughout is on the growing points of knowledge and on the new developments in prac tice. We have tried to keep a balance between the need for rigorous research and systematic evaluation and the importance of expressing new ideas and concepts so that they may influence thinking at a stage when questions are being formulated and fresh approaches to treatment are being developed. The book had its origins in the 1976 International Symposium on Autism held in St. Gallen, Switzerland but it is not in any sense a proceed ings of that meeting. Most papers have been extensively rewritten to provide a fuller coverage of the topic and also to take account of the issues raised at the meeting. Discussion dialogues have been revised and re structured to stand as self-contained chapters. Many significant contribu tions to the conference have not been induded in order to maintain the balance of a definitive review; however a few extra chapters have been added to fill crucial gaps 0 We hope the result is a vivid picture ofthe current state of the art. As editors we have been most impressed by the advances since the 1970 international conference in London.
Download or read book The Effect of Auditory Pitch Range on Sustained and Selective Attention written by Hyun-Jung Lee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pitch range (i.e., high vs low) in a simple, musical context on sustained and selective attention in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and typically-developing (TD) children. This study also explored the effect of different types of distracting sounds on selective attention in both groups. Existing research indicates that music-based interventions or background music during cognitive tasks can promote attention in children with ASD. However, no published study has yet explored the effects of specific musical elements, such as pitch range, on attention in children with and without ASD. Thus, the present study addressed a current void in the research literature. A total of 70 children with and without ASD completed the Music-Based Attention Assessment-Revised for Children II (MAA-RC II). The MAA-RC II is a melodic-contour identification test, including sustained and selective attention subtests. For each subtest, target melodic contours are presented in three directions: ascending, descending, and stationary. Equal numbers of items are presented either at a low pitch range (i.e., 220 Hz to 523.55 Hz) or at a high pitch range (i.e., 1046.5 Hz to 2637 Hz) in a keyboard timbre. During the selective attention subtest, participants heard a recorded continuous (i.e., water flowing), fluctuating (i.e., bird song), or intermittent sound (i.e., woodblock) against each target melodic contour as an auditory distraction. In both attention subtests, participants listened to each melodic contour and identified the direction of the melody. The independent variables were pitch range, population, type of attention task, and type of distracting sound. The dependent variable was the frequency of correct responses to the MAA-RC II. The most prominent finding in the present study was the lack of a significant difference between the two groups regardless of pitch range, type of attention, or distracting sound. These results imply that children with ASD, similar to TD children, can understand and complete a music-based attention task and can maintain attention to simple music stimuli. Results suggest that music is an appropriate sensory stimulus for attention in children with and without ASD. Results revealed that children with ASD achieved significantly higher scores on the sustained attention subtest when the stimulus consisted of a low pitch range rather than a high pitch range. This finding indicates that children with ASD might attend differently to sound depending on pitch range. Specifically, children with ASD might be more attentive to low-pitched sounds compared to high-pitched sounds. In addition, although the inferential results demonstrated no statistical significance, the descriptive results indicated that both TD children and children with ASD achieved higher MAA-RC II scores in both sustained and selective attention subtests when they heard target melodies at a low pitch range compared to a high pitch range. Moreover, both TD children and children with ASD successfully completed the MAA-RC II with a fair degree of accuracy for both sustained and selective attention subtests. Additionally, Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency of the MAA-RC II was high, indicating that simple music stimuli can be a reliable tool to assess sustained and selective attention in children with and without ASD. Based on these findings, music therapists and other professionals who work with children who have ASD can gain valuable information about the relationship between pitch range and attention for this population. The findings may also contribute to scientific evidence for the therapeutic use of music for improving attention, and may inform the diagnostic use of music for children who have attentional problems.
