Download or read book Response of Soybean Glycine Max to Glyphosate and Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera Glycines written by Xiaoyu Yang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soybean written by Hany El-Shemy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-02-13 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Legumes are important for the diet of a significant part of the world's population; they are a good source of protein, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. The'importance of soybean'lies in the overall agriculture and trade and in its contribution to food supply. Soybean contains the highest protein content and has no cholesterol in comparison with conventional legume and animal food sources. Furthermore, soybean is a cheap source of food, and at the same time medicinal due to its genistein, photochemical, isoflavones content. Soybean has been found to be extremely helpful in the fight against heart disease, cancer and diabetes, among others. Soybean protein and calories are presently being used to prevent body wasting often associated with HIV. The importance of soybean nutrition intervention is amplified where medications are unavailable. Its economic potential inherent in a wide range of industrial uses can be harnessed to the benefit of smallholder soybean producers.
Download or read book Characterization of Host Responses in Compatible and Incompatible Interactions Between Soybean Glycine Max L Merr and Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera Glycines I written by Ramamurthy Mahalingam and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biology and Management of the Soybean Cyst Nematode written by Robert D. Riggs and published by American Phytopathological Society. This book was released on 1992 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 History, distribution, and economics. 2 Systematics and morphology. 3 Epiphytology and life cycle. 4 Cellular responses to infection. 5 Population dynamics. 6 Genetics. 7 The race concept. 8 Nematode race identification, A look to the future. 9 Interactions with other organisms. 10 Host range. 11 Chemical control. 12 Management by cultural practices. 13 Biological control. 14 Breeding for resistance to soybean cyst nematode. 15 Cytopathological reactions of resistant soybean plants to nematode invasion. 16 Tolerance in soybean.
Download or read book Herbicidal Effects on the Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera Glycines written by Cletus Dannitte Youmans and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of Soybean Glycine Max L Merr Source of Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera Glycines Ichinohe written by Beth Holmes and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of Signaling Processes Leading to a Defense Response in Soybean written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-parasitic nematodes are the cause of devastating yield loss in vital agricultural crops around the world. Heterodera glycines , also referred to as soybean cyst nematode, is the main pathogen of Glycine max (soybean) causing more loss than all other pathogens of G. max combined. The resultant economic impact due to H. glycines in United States soybean production alone is estimated to account for an annual one-billion-dollar loss. Natural resistant genotypes have been found in trials to combat this pathogen. Of the resistant varieties identified, G. max [Peking/PI 548402] and G. max [PI 88788] are the major sources of resistance. Identification of genes expressed in the cells of which the nematode parasitizes, the syncytia, exclusively undergoing the resistant/incompatible reaction from the two major sources of resistance mentioned previously have identified a number of candidate genes presumed to function in defense to H. glycines parasitism. Prior to this work, success has been obtained by selection of a number of these candidate genes in functional analysis to show involvement in defense. This work is aimed at functionally identifying signaling components involved in the defense reaction. Reverse genetic studies of NON-RACE SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 Glycine max homolog, Gm-NDR1-1, has confirmed a functional role in the defense to H. glycines to G. max. Gene expression studies revealed both effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) components to be regulated by Gm-NDR1-1. Furthermore, induction in the heterologous expression of Gm-NDR1-1 in Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) suppressed Meloidogyne incognita parasitism. Harpin treatment has been evaluated due to the knowledge of NDR1s capability of being harpin-induced (HIN1). Expression studies of the harpin treatment did in fact induce Gm-NDR1-1. The analysis further provides ev
Download or read book Improving the Management of the Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera Glycines Ichinohe written by Leonardo José Frinhani Noia da Rocha and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-parasitic nematodes represent a substantial constraint on global food security by reducing the yield potential of all major crops, including soybean (Glycine max L.). The soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines I.) is widely distributed across all soybean production areas of the US, and is the major yield-limiting factor, especially in the Midwestern US. Double cropping (DC) is defined as producing more than one crop on the same parcel of land in a single growing season. Compared to conventional single annual crops, DC provides many advantages, including improving soil health, enhanced nutrient provisioning to plants, improvement of soil physical properties, control of erosion, decrease in tillage requirements, and enhanced profitability. In some double-cropping systems, soybean is planted following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and several reports suggest the potential of wheat to suppress SCN populations. Field trials were conducted from 2017 to 2018 to investigate the effect of wheat on SCN populations in double-cropping soybean. Nine fields with three levels of initial SCN populations (low, moderate, and high) were selected in Illinois. Wheat was planted in strips alternating with strips-maintained weed-free and under fallow over winter and early spring. Soybean was planted in all strips after the wheat harvest. Soybean cyst nematode egg densities were acquired at four time points: wheat establishment, post-wheat/pre-soybean, mid-soybean (R1 growth stage or beginning of flowering), and post-soybean harvest. Wheat strips reduced SCN egg densities compared with fallow strips at the R1 stage (−31.8%) and after soybean harvest (−32.7%). Field locations with noted SCN suppression were selected for a metagenomics study. The structure of fungal communities differed significantly between DC and fallow plots at soybean planting and after harvest (P
Download or read book Biological and Chemical Assessment of Glycine Max Modified with Gm XTH52 Gene Resistant to Attack of Nematode Heterodera Glycines written by Ismail Khan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean (Glycine max) yield is significantly affected by soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, and causes an annual loss of billions of US dollars. In this study, Glycine max xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase gene (Gm-XTH52) was transformed into a nematode susceptible G. max [Williams 82/PI 518671] variety of soybean to test whether the protein expression has a role in resistance to H. glycines, and possible chemical changes the expression may cause in the plant composition. Expression level of the Gm-XTH52 gene was three times higher than in controls. Significant reduction in the number of SCN cysts suggested suppression of H. glycines parasitism upon transformation. While total sugar amounts did not significantly differ between the transformed and control plants, xyloglucan amounts of loosely bound sugars of genetically mosaic plants were significantly lower in comparison to controls. Control plants showed lower molecular weight sugars than the transformed plants not subjected to H. glycines infection.
Download or read book The Defense Response of I Glycine Max I to Its Major Parasitic Nematode Pathogen I Heterodera Glycines I written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterodera glycines , soybean cyst nematode (SCN) causes more than one billion dollars soyben production loss in the U.S. annually. SCN is an obligate parasite of specialized feeding cells within the host root known as syncytium. The SCN resistance genes and signaling pathways in soybean have not been fully characterized. Gene expression analysis in syncytium from compatible and incompatible interactions identified candidate genes that might involve conferring resistance to SCN. This dissertation aimed to investigate the biological functions of the candidate resistance genes to confirm the roles of these genes in resistance to SCN. The study demonstrated a role of syntaxin 31-like genes (Gm-SYP38) in resistance to SCN. Overexpression of Gm-SYP38 induced the transcriptional activity of the cytoplasmic receptor-like kinase BOTRYTIS INDUCED KINASE 1 (Gm-BIK1-6). Overexpression of Gm-BIK1-6 rescued the resistant phenotype. In contrast, Gm-BIK1-6 RNAi increased parasitism. In another experiment, the expression of a Glycine max homolog of LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 (LSD1) resulted in the transcriptional activation of ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (EDS1) and NONEXPRESSOR OF PR1 (NPR1), that function in salicylic acid (SA) signaling, implicating the involvement of the antiapoptotic, environmental response gene LESION SIMULATING DISEASE1 (LSD1) in defense that is demonstrated here. The study also investigated the role of SNARE components (genes functioning in membrane fusion) in resistance to SCN. Experiments showed that SNARE functions in concert with a beta-glucosidase having homology to PEN2 and an ATP binding cassette transporter having homology to PEN3 . This study provides novel information for the genetic improvement of soybean for enhanced disease resistance.
Download or read book A Functional Analysis of the Defense Response of Glycine Max as it Relates to Parasitism by the Plant Parasitic Nematode Heterodera Glycines written by Prakash Mani Niraula and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, a plant parasitic pest, causes severe yield losses of soybean (Glycine max). Although a number of studies have identified various genes that function in defense, including a role for the vesicular transport machinery acting against H. glycines in infected roots, a regulatory mechanism occurring behind the transcriptional engagement of the vesicular transport system and delivery of the transported cargo proteins is not fully understood. The main goal of the current study is to determine the functional effect of genetically engineering the circadian clock gene, CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) in G. max to examine a role on H. glycines parasitism. The outcome of the study has determined the functional effect of main clock component CCA1-1 along with other oscillator genes such as TIMING OF CAB 1 (TOC1-1), GIGANTEA (GI-1) and CONSTANS (CO-4) to enhance resistance against H. glycines parasitism. Further, the reduced level of the expression of Gm-CCA1-1 in infected roots, in comparison to uninfected roots, has demonstrated that clock components might have arrested and altered its expression during the nematode infection process. The study has also investigated the role of XYLOGLUCAN ENDO-TRANSGLYCOSYLASE /HYDROLASE (XTH), Gm-XTH43, during the resistance process soybean has to H. glycines. The results have demonstrated higher xyloglucan (XyG) amounts to be synthesized in the Gm-XTH43 overexpressing (OE) lines. In contrast, there is less XyG in the Gm-XTH43 RNA interference (RNAi) lines that have a negatively regulated XTH gene. These observations have led to elucidating the role in the potential cell wall rearrangement and the underlying metabolic processes required for the generation of the proper XyG architecture required for defense occurring outside of the plant cell. Furthermore, the observed result of lower level of weight average molecular weight (WAMW) of XyG in Gm-XTH43-OE and higher MW of XyG in Gm-XTH43-RNAi than respective control roots have demonstrated a key role in, presumably, changing the cell wall by the remodeling of the XyG chain as it relates to the cell wall architecture.
Download or read book Functional Analysis Identifies Glycine Max Genes Involved in Defense to Heterodera Glycines written by Prachi D. Matsye and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The infection of plants by Heterodera glycines, commonly known as soybean cyst nematode (SCN), is a serious agricultural problem of worldwide extent. Meanwhile, it provides an excellent experimental model to study basic aspects of how cells function, in particular, during biotic challenge. Heterodera glycines challenges plant cells by initiating, developing and sustaining an interaction that results in the formation of a nurse cell from which the nematode derives nourishment. The presented experiments examine (1) how a cell can be de-differentiated and reprogrammed to perform a much different biological role and (2) how a cell’s immune responses can be engaged or suppressed to accomplish that goal. The observation of alpha soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein (alpha-SNAP) expression, its location within the rhg1 locus and known involvement in the vesicular transport machinery relating to defense made it a strong candidate for further functional analysis. Functional studies demonstrated that overexpression of alpha-SNAP in the susceptible G. max[Williams 82/PI 518671] genotype that lacks its expression results in the partial suppression of H. glycines infection. This indicated that the vesicles could be delivering cargo to the site of infection to engage a defense response. High levels of expression of a cell wall modifying gene called xyloglucan endotransglycosylase also occur during defense. XTHs associate with vesicles, act in the apoplast outside of the cell, and have a well-known function in cell wall restructuring. These observations indicated that alterations in the cell wall composition of nurse cells could be important for the successful defense response. Overexpression of a G. max xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (Gm-XTH) in the susceptible G. max[Williams 82/PI 518671] genotype resulted in a significant negative effect on H. glycines as well as R. reniformis parasitism. The results, including preliminary experiments on components of the vesicle transport system, identify a potent mechanism employed by plants to defend themselves from two types of plant-parasitic nematodes.
Download or read book Response and Physiology of Grafted Glyphosate resistant and Conventional Soybean glycine Max to Glyphosate and Efficacy of Bicyclopyrone in Vegetables written by Yin Chen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Techniques to improve specialty crop herbicide tolerance, and identifying new methods of weed control are needed to help secure the future of vegetable production. My dissertation research addressed both concerns. First, I used soybean as model plant to investigate response and physiology of grafted glyphosate-resistant (RR) and conventional (CN) soybean plants to glyphosate. Glyphosate (0.28, 0.84 and 1.68 kg ae ha-1) was applied to CN/CN (scion/rootstock), CN/RR, RR/CN (only in growth stage experiment) and RR/RR grafted plants that had been generated using CN and RR genotypes. Variables tested included three growth stages (3, 6 and 10-leaf stages), nine CN/RR genotype combinations, and two growing environments (day/night thermoperiods of 28/22 C and 24/18 C). Small CN/RR plants (65%) and medium-sized plants (50%) were injured more than large plants (40%) 34 days with 0.84 kg ae ha-1 of glyphosate. Genotype of the scion had a greater effect on glyphosate tolerance compared to rootstock. Fewer leaves produced on CN/RR construct 5388/9392 under the warmer day/night temperatures following treatment with glyphosate. Seventy-two hours after treatment (HAT), 35% less shikimate was found in CN/RR compared to CN/CN plants. No cp4-epsps mRNA was detected in leaves of CN/RR plants, but a very small amount of CP4-EPSPS protein (=0.004% of that in RR leaf) was detected in the CN/RR leaves. More foliar-applied 14C-glyphosate and derivative was translocated to the root system of CN/RR compared to CN/CN. These data indicate that translocation of glyphosate from the CN scion to the RR rootstock is a major contributor to the partial tolerance to glyphosate observed in CN/RR transgrafted soybeans. Second, to aid in development of new weed control methods for vegetables, I assessed the response of several vegetable crops as well as three important weed species to the new herbicide bicyclopyrone. Onion, carrot, radish and dill were relatively tolerant of pre-emergence (PRE) and post-directed (POSTDIR) bicyclopyrone at 37.5 and 50 g ai ha-1. In contrast, bicyclopyrone post-emergence (POST) induced severe injury. Greenhouse experiments further examined the effect of soil type and variety on the response of onion, carrot and leek to 0, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 g ha-1 of bicyclopyrone applied PRE. All test crops were uninjured by bicyclopyrone PRE when grown in muck soil, whereas all crops grown in sand + Pro-Mix BXTM blend were injured. Control of hairy galinsoga (Galinsoga quadriradiata Cav.), common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) and prostrate pigweed (Amaranthus blitoides S. Wats.) treated with bicyclopyrone POST or PRE was assessed in different soils and with each weed at three stages of growth. POST bicyclopyrone at 37.5 and 50 g ha-1 controlled hairy galinsoga and small common purslane plants (¿ 80% injury).. Hairy galinsoga was well controlled (80% injury) when growing in a Wooster silt loam and in a Pro-Mix BXTM 2:3 v/v blend. Common purslane was injured by PRE application to the muck soil and was well controlled in the Wooster silt loam and Pro-Mix BXTM blend. Bicyclopyrone POST and PRE did not control prostrate pigweed in either soil type or at any growth stage.
Download or read book An Analysis of Signaling Processes Leading to a Defense Response in Soybean written by Brant Trey McNeece and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant-parasitic nematodes are the cause of devastating yield loss in vital agricultural crops around the world. Heterodera glycines, also referred to as soybean cyst nematode, is the main pathogen of Glycine max (soybean) causing more loss than all other pathogens of G. max combined. The resultant economic impact due to H. glycines in United States soybean production alone is estimated to account for an annual one-billion-dollar loss. Natural resistant genotypes have been found in trials to combat this pathogen. Of the resistant varieties identified, G. max[Peking/PI 548402] and G. max[PI 88788] are the major sources of resistance. Identification of genes expressed in the cells of which the nematode parasitizes, the syncytia, exclusively undergoing the resistant/incompatible reaction from the two major sources of resistance mentioned previously have identified a number of candidate genes presumed to function in defense to H. glycines parasitism. Prior to this work, success has been obtained by selection of a number of these candidate genes in functional analysis to show involvement in defense. This work is aimed at functionally identifying signaling components involved in the defense reaction. Reverse genetic studies of NON-RACE SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 Glycine max homolog, Gm-NDR1-1, has confirmed a functional role in the defense to H. glycines to G. max. Gene expression studies revealed both effectortriggered immunity (ETI) and pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) components to be regulated by Gm-NDR1-1. Furthermore, induction in the heterologous expression of GmNDR1-1 in Gossypium hirsutum (cotton) suppressed Meloidogyne incognita parasitism. Harpin treatment has been evaluated due to the knowledge of NDR1’s capability of being harpin-induced (HIN1). Expression studies of the harpin treatment did in fact induce GmNDR1-1. The analysis further provides evidence of NDR1 role in defense by displaying the harpin-induced response of NDR1 in resistance to infection of Rotylenchulus reniformis. Receptors are known to function through signaling components in plant defense. Therefore, the conserved downstream signaling component of multiple diverse stimuli, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were functionally characterized in G. max for their role in resistance to H. glycines via the reverse genetic parasitism assays and evaluated to observe the effect on defense gene expression.
Download or read book Spatial Analysis of Soybean Canopy Response to Soybean Cyst Nematodes Heterodera Glycines in Eastern Arkansas written by Subodh Shamrao Kulkarni and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Markers for Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera Glycines I in Soybean Glycine Max L Merr written by Ramamurthy Mahalingam and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Synthesis and Overview Studies to Evaluate Existing Research and Knowledge on Biological Issues on GM Plants of Relevance to Swiss Environments written by Jeremy Sweet and published by vdf Hochschulverlag AG. This book was released on 2012 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
