Download or read book Response of Skewed Composite Adjacent Box Beam Bridge to Live and Environmental Load Conditions written by Rana O. Mutashar and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary types of deterioration in skewed composite adjacent box beam bridges are cracking in the deck and longitudinal reflective cracking above the shear keys. Possible causes include early age conditions, temperature, and traffic loads. Eliminating or reducing these types of damage is expected to lead to increased service life and reduced maintenance costs for this type of bridge. In this research, a skewed composite adjacent box beam bridge built in November 2015 on Dry Creek Road in Granville, Licking County, Ohio, was instrumented with embedded and attached sensors, including strain gauges, thermocouples, and linear variable differential transformers (LVDTs). These sensors were then monitored during the construction of the bridge on-site, and service, including during arranged field tests with a controlled vehicle load. The bridge was also analyzed using a validated threedimensional finite element model (FEM). Non-uniform temperature through the bridge superstructure and shrinkage cause high tensile strains at the bottom surface of the deck during the early aging of the concrete. The highest measured strains were near the supports and parallel to the skewed angle. Radial cracks were observed at the concrete deck ten months after bridge construction. Measurements made at the box beam fabrication facility showed a lack of uniformity in beam dimensions. Even if the variation in the beam dimensions was within tolerance, there was contact between adjacent beams at isolated spots where thermal expansion led to compressive stress at contact areas. Placing box beams at a slight angle to create a transverse slope and facilitate drainage also creates potential contact areas along the bottom edges of adjacent beams. The FEM showed that under uniform temperature and temperature gradient conditions, the stresses exceeded the concrete design strength at certain contact points along the beams’ length. The skew geometry had a significant effect on the distribution of stresses at contact zones. The failure modes and locations of greatest deterioration identified in the FEM compared well with those found in past research.
Download or read book Dynamic Behavior of Composite Adjacent Pre Stressed Concrete Box Beams Bridges written by Hajir A. Ali and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composite adjacent box beams have been utilized to construct bridges as accelerated bridge constructions. These bridges are constantly subjected to the effect of a moving load as vehicles passing over them. Dynamic load allowance (DLA) is a reliable approach to show the amount of that vehicle-bridge interaction. The allowable value of the load allowance factor is 1.33 in AASHTO LRFD (2017), the Bridge Design Specifications. Many researchers have shown that the dynamic load allowance (DLA) value of AASHTO LRFD (2017) does not necessarily yield to a satisfactory account for the dynamic response of highway bridges under moving load. In addition, there is no comprehensive data about adjacent box beams bridges regarding the dynamic load allowance (DLA). Therefore, there is a need to perform a detailed dynamic analysis of vehicle-induced vibration to accurately estimate the dynamic load allowance (DLA) values. This dynamic analysis should include the influence of the most important dynamic parameters, which are related to both the vehicle and bridge circumstances. A field assessment platform was implemented; two adjacent concrete box beams bridges that were dynamically evaluated under the effect of the vehicle-bridge interaction. Then, based on the collected field data, the dynamic load allowance (DLA) values were calculated for all installed instruments under the effect of numerous load cases. The influence of vehicle weights, speeds, brakes, and road roughness conditions on the values of the load allowance factor (DLA) was conducted. In addition, a full scale finite element analysis was performed to complement the field investigation by looking at other dynamic parameters. Finite element method was utilized to model the adjacent box beams bridge of Fairmount Rd according to the asconstructed drawing and ODOT bridge design manual. After modeling, the bridge model was calibrated and validated to analytically investigate the effect of other dynamic parameters on the behavior of this bridge when it is subjected to a moving vehicle. Moving load included two kinds of analysis, the model analysis, and the dynamic analysis. Hence, a parametric study was performed to investigate the effect of an adjacent concrete box beams bridge span length, skew angle, depth, width, and the effect of the material properties of its girders on the values of the dynamic load allowance (DLA). Results of this study illustrate that the dynamic effect of adjacent box beams bridges subjected to moving truck is too important. Under the effect of vehicle-induced vibration, the dynamic load allowance (DLA) values undergoing the effect of most of the investigated parameters were higher than the design limit of AASHTO LRFD (2017). The dynamic load allowance (DLA) value is considerably affected by the speed of the vehicle, road roughness condition and truck braking, skew angle, and stiffness. An empty truck can increase the values of the allowance factor (DLA). Furthermore, the longer the span length of a bridge, the lower recoded dynamic load allowance (DLA) values were. Depth and width of an adjacent box beams bridge and deck thickness have no effect on the values of the dynamic load allowance (DLA).
Download or read book Concrete Box Beam Risk Assessment and Mitigation written by Robert J. Frosch and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adjacent box beam bridges have a history of poor long-term performance including premature deterioration and failures. Leaking joints between box beams allow chloride-laden water to migrate through the superstructure and initiate corrosion. The nature of this deterioration leads to uncertainty of the extent and effect of deterioration on structural behavior. Due to limitations in previous research and understanding of the strength of deteriorated box beam bridges, conservative assumptions are made for the assessment and load rating of these bridges. Furthermore, the design of new box beam bridges, which can offer an efficient and economical solution, is often discouraged due to poor past performance. The objective of this research is to develop recommendations for inspection, load-rating, and design of adjacent box beam bridges. The research is presented in two volumes. Volume 1 focuses on the evolution of box beam design in Indiana to understand the lack of performance and durability. The Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) standards and bridge design manuals were reviewed to track the historical development of box beam bridges in the State. Two timelines were produced tracking important updates to box beam design. Adjacent box beam bridges within INDOT's bridge database were also analyzed. Superstructure ratings were compared with bridge age as well as bridge characteristics to highlight possible causes for deterioration. Analyzing the INDOT inventory, data shows that the condition of adjacent box beam bridges may be affected by location, type of wearing surface, and the use of deck membranes. Six bridges were then inspected to identify common deficiencies and specific problems. Exterior beams and beams within the wheel load path tend to have higher levels of deterioration. Furthermore, leaking joints between beams leads to corrosion of reinforcement, ultimately resulting in spalling, fracture of prestressing strands, and loss of structural capacity. Volume 2 focuses on evaluating the capacity of deteriorated adjacent box beams, the development of improved load rating procedures, and new box beam design. Through a series of bridge inspections, deteriorated box beams were identified and acquired for experimental testing. The extent of corrosion was determined through visual inspection, non-destructive evaluation, and destructive evaluation. Non-destructive tests (NDT) included the use of connectionless electrical pulse response analysis (CEPRA), ground penetrating radar (GPR), and half-cell potentials. Deteriorated capacity was determined through structural testing, and an analysis procedure was developed to estimate deteriorated behavior. A rehabilitation procedure was also developed to restore load transfer of adjacent beams in cases where shear key failures are suspected. Based on the understanding of deterioration developed through study of deteriorated adjacent box beam bridges, improved inspection and load rating procedures are provided along with design recommendations for the next generation of box beam bridges.
Download or read book Influence of Precast Concrete Panel Surface Condition on Behavior of Composite Bridge Decks at Skewed Expansion Joints written by Kristen Shawn Donnelly and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following development of rectangular prestressed, precast concrete panels (PCP) that could be used as stay-in-place formwork adjacent to expansion joints in bridge decks, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) initiated a research effort to investigate the use of PCP units at skewed expansion joints. The fabrication of trapezoidal PCP units was studied and the response of skewed panels with 45° and 30° skew angles was obtained. The panels were topped with a 4 in. thick cast-in-place (CIP) slab to complete the bridge deck. Specimens with 45° skew performed well under service and overload levels. The deck failed in diagonal shear at loads well over the design level loads. However, two 30° specimens failed prematurely by delamination between the topping slab and the PCP. The cause of the delamination was insufficient shear transfer capacity between the PCP and CIP topping slab. For the specimens tested at a square end, the failure mode was punching shear at high loads for all specimens. The surface condition of the PCP was specified to have a "broom finish" and the panel was to have a saturated surface dry (SSD) condition so that PCP units would not leach moisture from the CIP topping slab. Neither of these conditions was satisfied in the two panels that failed prematurely. Although the panels were specified to have a broom finish, the panel surface had regions that were quite smooth. The objective of this research project was to reinvestigate the response of 30° PCP at an expansion joint following specified procedures for finish and moisture conditions. One specimen was constructed with a rectangular panel placed between two 30° skewed panels. These panels had a much rougher surface texture than the previously tested panels that failed in delamination. The skewed ends of the specimen were subjected to monotonically increasing static loads at midspan of the panel ends. The panels failed in diagonal shear and the response of the tested specimen confirmed that the panel surface roughness, and not the skew angle, caused delamination with the previously tested specimens. While TxDOT does not currently specify a minimum panel surface roughness, a surface roughness of approximately 1/4 in. is required in some codes for developing composite action. In addition, wetting the panels to a SSD condition prior to placement of the topping slab further enhances shear transfer between the topping slab and the PCP.
Download or read book Structural Behavior of a Skew Two Span Reinforced Concrete Box Girder Bridge Model Response during ultimate loading to failure written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural Response of a 45 degree Skew Prestressed Concrete Box girder Highway Bridge Subjected to Vehicular Loading written by Thomas Schaffer and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural Response of a 45 degree Skew Prestressed Concrete Box girder Highway Bridge Subjected to Vehicular Loading written by Thomas Schaffer and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Engineering for Structural Stability in Bridge Construction written by Federal Highway Federal Highway Administration and published by . This book was released on 2020-07-19 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual is intended to serve as a reference. It will provide technical information which will enable Manual users to perform the following activities:Describe typical erection practices for girder bridge superstructures and recognize critical construction stagesDiscuss typical practices for evaluating structural stability of girder bridge superstructures during early stages of erection and throughout bridge constructionExplain the basic concepts of stability and why it is important in bridge erection* Explain common techniques for performing advanced stability analysis along with their advantages and limitationsDescribe how differing construction sequences effect superstructure stabilityBe able to select appropriate loads, load combinations, and load factors for use in analyzing superstructure components during constructionBe able to analyze bridge members at various stages of erection* Develop erection plans that are safe and economical, and know what information is required and should be a part of those plansDescribe the differences between local, member and global (system) stability
Download or read book Steel concrete Composite Bridges written by David Collings and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 2005 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Steel-concrete composite bridges shows how to choose the bridge form and design element sizes to enable the production of accurate drawings and also highlights a wide and full range of examples of the design and construction of this bridge type."--Jacket.
Download or read book LRFD Guide Specifications for the Design of Pedestrian Bridges written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2009 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concrete Box girder Bridges written by Jörg Schlaich and published by IABSE. This book was released on 1982 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bridge Launching written by Marco Rosignoli and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 2002 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: &Quot;This book is an essential purchase for all those involved in bridge construction and innovative building techniques, such as bridge owners, design offices, bridge consultants, and construction equipment suppliers."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Theory and Design of Bridges written by Petros P. Xanthakos and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1994 with total page 1466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indeed, this essential working reference for practicing civil engineers uniquely reflects today's gradual transition from allowable stress design to Load and Resistance Factor Design by presenting LRFD specifications - developed from research requested by AASH-TO and initiated by the NCHRP - which spell out new provisions in areas ranging from load models and load factors to bridge substructure elements and foundations.
Download or read book Steel Box Girder Bridges written by and published by Thomas Telford Publishing. This book was released on 1973 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Advances in Structural Engineering Volume 1 written by A. Rama Mohan Rao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 1137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of select papers presented at the Tenth Structural Engineering Convention 2016 (SEC-2016). It comprises plenary, invited, and contributory papers covering numerous applications from a wide spectrum of areas related to structural engineering. It presents contributions by academics, researchers, and practicing structural engineers addressing analysis and design of concrete and steel structures, computational structural mechanics, new building materials for sustainable construction, mitigation of structures against natural hazards, structural health monitoring, wind and earthquake engineering, vibration control and smart structures, condition assessment and performance evaluation, repair, rehabilitation and retrofit of structures. Also covering advances in construction techniques/ practices, behavior of structures under blast/impact loading, fatigue and fracture, composite materials and structures, and structures for non-conventional energy (wind and solar), it will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, students and practicing engineers alike.
Download or read book Precast Segmental Box Girders written by Fadzli Mohamed Nazri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-09 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the fundamentals of the elastic behaviour of erected precast segmental box girders (SBG) when subjected to static load, as well as the construction process (casting and erection work) involved. It analyzes and compares the experimental results with those obtained using the finite element method and theoretical calculations. A short-term deflection analysis for different loads is obtained by determining the maximum deflection, stress and strain value of single span precast SBG under a variety of transversal slope. The outcome of this work provides a better understanding of the behaviour of precast SBG in terms of structural responses as well as defects, so that maintenance work can then be focused on the critical section at mid span area specifically for the bridge project longitudinally and transversely. The book is of interest to industry professionals involved in conducting static load tests on bridges, and all researchers, designers, and engineers seeking to validate experimental work with numerical and analytical approaches.
Download or read book Timber Bridges written by Michael A. Ritter and published by Datamotion Publishing LLC. This book was released on 1990 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a comprehensive analysis of the design, construction, inspection, and maintenance of timber bridges.
