Download or read book Resonances in the Earth Ionosphere Cavity written by A.P. Nickolaenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-07-31 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on electromagnetic resonance phenomena describes a general approach to physical problems, ways to solve them, and properties of the solutions obtained. Attention is given to the discussion and interpretation of formal and experimental data and their links to global atmospheric conditions such as the dynamics of global thunderstorm activity, variations of the effective height of the lower ionosphere, etc. Schumann resonance is related to worldwide thunderstorm activity, and simultaneously, to global properties of the lower ionosphere. Transverse resonance is predominantly a local phenomenon containing information on the local height and conductivity of the lower ionosphere and on nearby thunderstorm activity. Transient events in ELF-VLF radio propagation are also treated. These are natural pulsed radio signals and/or abrupt changes of manmade VLF radio signals. The transients associated with cloud-to-ionosphere discharges (red sprites, blue jets, trolls) are discussed, and clarification of the underlying physical ideas and their practical applications to pioneer results achieved in the field recently are emphasised.
Download or read book Schumann Resonance for Tyros written by Alexander Nickolaenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schumann resonance has been studied for more than half a century. The field became popular among researchers of the terrestrial environment using natural sources of electromagnetic radiation—lightning strokes, primarily—and now many Schumann observatories have been established around the world. A huge number of publications can be found in the literature, the most recent collection of which was presented in a special Schumann resonance section of the journal Radio Science in 2007. The massive publications, however, impede finding information about how to organize measurements and start observations of global electromagnetic resonance. Relevant information is scattered throughout many publications, which are not always available. The goal of this book is to collect all necessary data in a single edition in order to describe the demands of the necessary equipment and the field-site as well as the impact of industrial and natural interference, and to demonstrate typical results and obstacles often met in measurements. The authors not only provide representative results but also describe unusual radio signals in the extremely low-frequency (ELF) band and discuss signals in the adjacent frequency ranges.
Download or read book Resonances in the Earth Ionosphere Cavity and ELF Propagation written by A. P. Nicolaenko and published by . This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with electromagnetic resonance in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide and ELF propagation, by describing a general approach to the physical problems, electromagnetic ways to solve them, and properties of the solutions obtained. Attention is given to the discussion and interpretation of theoretical and experimental data and their links to global atmospheric conditions such as global thunderstorm activity, the lower ionosphere etc.Schumann resonance is related to stationary (or background) world-wide thunderstorm activity and simultaneously to global properties of the lower ionosphere. This resonance phenomenom is shown to be used as a global thermometer for global warming study.Transient events in the ELF/VLF range are another important aspect. These non-stationary signals are natural impulsed radio signals, which can be used to study cloud-to-ionosphere discharge (or mesospheric opitcal emissions) (red sprites, blue jets etc.). Clarification of the underlying physical ideas and their practical applications to this pioneering field are emphasized.
Download or read book Electromagnetic Waves in Stratified Media written by James R. Wait and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International Series of Monographs in Electromagnetic Waves, Volume 3: Electromagnetic Waves in Stratified Media provides information pertinent to the electromagnetic waves in media whose properties differ in one particular direction. This book discusses the important feature of the waves that enables communications at global distances. Organized into 13 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the general analysis for the electromagnetic response of a plane stratified medium comprising of any number of parallel homogeneous layers. This text then explains the reflection of electromagnetic waves from planar stratified media. Other chapters consider the oblique reflection of plane electromagnetic waves from a continuously stratified medium. This book discusses as well the fundamental theory of wave propagation around a sphere. The final chapter deals with the theory of propagation in a spherically stratified medium. This book is a valuable resource for electrical engineers, scientists, and research workers.
Download or read book The Dynamical Ionosphere written by Massimo Materassi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dynamical Ionosphere: A Systems Approach to Ionospheric Irregularity examines the Earth’s ionosphere as a dynamical system with signatures of complexity. The system is robust in its overall configuration, with smooth space-time patterns of daily, seasonal and Solar Cycle variability, but shows a hierarchy of interactions among its sub-systems, yielding apparent unpredictability, space-time irregularity, and turbulence. This interplay leads to the need for constructing realistic models of the average ionosphere, incorporating the increasing knowledge and predictability of high variability components, and for addressing the difficulty of dealing with the worst cases of ionospheric disturbances, all of which are addressed in this interdisciplinary book. Borrowing tools and techniques from classical and stochastic dynamics, information theory, signal processing, fluid dynamics and turbulence science, The Dynamical Ionosphere presents the state-of-the-art in dealing with irregularity, forecasting ionospheric threats, and theoretical interpretation of various ionospheric configurations. Presents studies addressing Earth’s ionosphere as a complex dynamical system, including irregularities and radio scintillation, ionospheric turbulence, nonlinear time series analysis, space-ionosphere connection, and space-time structures Utilizes interdisciplinary tools and techniques, such as those associated with stochastic dynamics, information theory, signal processing, fluid dynamics and turbulence science Offers new data-driven models for different ionospheric variability phenomena Provides a synoptic view of the state-of-the-art and most updated theoretical interpretation, results and data analysis tools of the "worst case" behavior in ionospheric configurations
Download or read book The Magnetotelluric Method written by Alan D. Chave and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-26 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magnetotelluric method is a technique for imaging the electrical conductivity and structure of the Earth, from the near surface down to the 410 km transition zone and beyond. This book forms the first comprehensive overview of magnetotellurics, from the salient physics and its mathematical representation to practical implementation in the field, data processing, modeling and geological interpretation. Electromagnetic induction in 1-D, 2-D and 3-D media is explored, building from first principles, and with thorough coverage of the practical techniques of time series processing, distortion, numerical modeling and inversion. The fundamental principles are illustrated with a series of case histories describing geological applications. Technical issues, instrumentation and field practices are described for both land and marine surveys. This book provides a rigorous introduction to magnetotellurics for academic researchers and advanced students, and will be of interest to industrial practitioners and geoscientists wanting to incorporate rock conductivity into their interpretations.
Download or read book Terrestrial Propagation of Long Electromagnetic Waves written by Janis Galejs and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terrestrial Propagation of Long Electromagnetic Waves deals with the propagation of long electromagnetic waves confined principally to the shell between the earth and the ionosphere, known as the terrestrial waveguide. The discussion is limited to steady-state solutions in a waveguide that is uniform in the direction of propagation. Wave propagation is characterized almost exclusively by mode theory. The mathematics are developed only for sources at the ground surface or within the waveguide, including artificial sources as well as lightning discharges. This volume is comprised of nine chapters and begins with an introduction to the fundamental concepts of wave propagation in a planar and curved isotropic waveguide. A number of examples are presented to illustrate the effects of an anisotropic ionosphere. The basic equations are summarized and plane-wave reflection from a dielectric interface is considered, along with the superposition of two obliquely incident plane waves. The properties of waveguide boundaries are implicitly represented by Fresnel reflection coefficients. Subsequent chapters focus on boundaries of the terrestrial guide; lightning discharges as a natural source of extremely-low-frequency and very-low-frequency radiation; and the mode theory for waves in an isotropic spherical shell. This book will be a useful resource for students and practitioners of physics.
Download or read book Ionospheric Radio Propagation written by Central Radio Propagation Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ultra and Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields written by Vadim Surkov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major emphasis of this book is on physical mechanisms and sources of the ULF/ELF natural electromagnetic fields noises. In the course of this text, some of these mechanisms of magnetospheric origin will be treated in detail and others in a more sketchy fashion, while the global electromagnetic resonances excited by lightning activity and other sources are the priority. The interested reader is referred to the books cited in the text for details about the ULF/ELF fields of magnetospheric origin. Much emphasis is put on studies of electromagnetic phenomena caused by rock deformation/fracture including the ULF/ELF effects possibly associated with tectonic activity, earthquakes and other natural disasters. One of the challenges of this research is to fully understand electromagnetic effects and physical processes in the rocks deep in the Earth’s crust.
Download or read book Electromagnetic Fields in Cavities written by David A. Hill and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-10-27 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A thorough and rigorous analysis of electromagnetic fields in cavities This book offers a comprehensive analysis of electromagnetic fields in cavities of general shapes and properties. Part One covers classical deterministic methods to conclude resonant frequencies, modal fields, and cavity losses; quality factor; mode bandwidth; and the excitation of cavity fields from arbitrary current distributions for metal-wall cavities of simple shape. Part Two covers modern statistical methods to analyze electrically large cavities of complex shapes and properties. Electromagnetic Fields in Cavities combines rigorous solutions to Maxwell's equations with conservation of energy to solve for the statistics of many quantities of interest: penetration into cavities (and shielding effectiveness), field strengths far from and close to cavity walls, and power received by antennas within cavities. It includes all modes and shows you how to utilize fairly simple statistical formulae to apply to your particular problem, whether it's interference calculations, electromagnetic compatibility testing in reverberation chambers, measurement of shielding materials using multiple cavities, or efficiency of test antennas. Electromagnetic Fields in Cavities is a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, professors, and graduate students in electrical engineering.
Download or read book Ionospheric Prediction and Forecasting written by Bruno Zolesi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how to predict and forecast the state of planet Earth’s ionosphere under quiet and disturbed conditions in terms of dynamical processes in the weakly ionized plasma media of the upper atmosphere and their relation to available modern measurements and modelling techniques. It explains the close relationship between the state of the media and the radio wave propagation conditions via this media. The prediction and forecasting algorithms, methods and models are oriented towards providing a practical approach to ionospherically dependent systems design and engineering. Proper understanding of the ionosphere is of fundamental practical importance because it is an essential part of telecommunication and navigation systems that use the ionosphere to function or would function much better in its nonappearance on the Earth and on any planet with an atmosphere.
Download or read book Handbook of Atmospheric Electrodynamics Volume I written by Hans Volland and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The participation of such diverse scientific and technical disciplines as meteorology, astronomy, atmospheric electricity, ionospheric and magnetospheric physics, electromagnetic wave propagation, and radio techniques in the research of atmospherics means that results are published in scientific papers widely spread throughout the literature. This Handbook collects the latest knowledge on atmospherics and presents it in two volumes. Each chapter is written by an expert in his or her field. Topics include the physics of thunderclouds, thunder, global atmospheric electric currents, biological aspects of sferics, and various space techniques for detecting lightning within our own atmosphere as well as in the atmospheres of other planets. Up-to-date applications and methodology are detailed. Volumes I and II offer a comprehensive discussion that together will serve as an important resource for practitioners, professionals, and students alike.
Download or read book Magnetic Earth Ionosphere Resonant Frequencies written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Community College Division is pleased to report progress of NASA funded research at West Virginia State College. During this reporting period, the project research group has continued with activities to develop instrumentation capability designed to monitor resonant cavity frequencies in the atmospheric region between the Earth's surface and the ionosphere. In addition, the project's principal investigator, Dr. Craig Spaniol, and NASA technical officer, Dr. John Sutton, have written and published technical papers intended to expand the scientific and technical framework needed for project research. This research continues to provide an excellent example of government and education working together to provide significant research in the college environment. This cooperative effort has provided many students with technical project work which compliments their education. Spaniol, Craig Unspecified Center NAG5-1267...
Download or read book The Resonant Recognition Model of Macromolecular Bioactivity written by Irena Cosic and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological processes in any living organism are based on selective interactions be tween particular biomolecules. In most cases, these interactions involve and are driven by proteins, which are the main conductors of any life process within the organism. The physical nature of these interactions is still not well known. This book presents an entirely new approach to analysis of biomolecular in teractions, in particular protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions, based on the assumption that these interactions are electromagnetic in nature. This new ap proach is the basis of the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), which was devel oped over the last 15 years. Certain periodicities within the distribution of energies of delocalised electrons along a protein molecule are crucial to the protein's biological function, i.e. inter action with its target. If protein conductivity were introduced, then charges mov ing through the protein backbone might produce electromagnetic irradiation or ab sorption with spectral characteristics corresponding to energy distribution along the protein. The RRM is capable of calculating these spectral characteristics, which we hypothesized would be in the range of the infrared and visible light. These characteristics were confirmed with frequency characteristics obtained ex perimentally for certain light-induced biological processes.
Download or read book Extremely Low Frequency ELF Propagation written by Peter R. Bannister and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electrifying Atmospheres Charging Ionisation and Lightning in the Solar System and Beyond written by Karen Aplin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-14 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrical processes take place in all planetary atmospheres. There is evidence for lightning on Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, it is possible on Mars and Titan, and cosmic rays ionise every atmosphere, leading to charged droplets and particles. Controversy surrounds the role of atmospheric electricity in physical climate processes on Earth; here, a comparative approach is employed to review the role of electrification in the atmospheres of other planets and their moons. This book reviews the theory, and, where available, measurements, of planetary atmospheric electricity, taken to include ion production and ion-aerosol interactions. The conditions necessary for a global atmospheric electric circuit similar to Earth’s, and the likelihood of meeting these conditions in other planetary atmospheres, are briefly discussed. Atmospheric electrification is more important at planets receiving little solar radiation, increasing the relative significance of electrical forces. Nucleation onto atmospheric ions has been predicted to affect the evolution and lifetime of haze layers on Titan, Neptune and Triton. For planets closer to Earth, heating from solar radiation dominates atmospheric circulations. Mars may have a global circuit analogous to the terrestrial model, but based on electrical discharges from dust storms, and Titan may have a similar global circuit, based on transfer of charged raindrops. There is an increasing need for direct measurements of planetary atmospheric electrification, in particular on Mars, to assess the risk for future unmanned and manned missions. Theoretical understanding could be increased by cross-disciplinary work to modify and update models and parameterisations initially developed for a specific atmosphere, to make them more broadly applicable to other planetary atmospheres. The possibility of electrical processes in the atmospheres of exoplanets is also discussed.
Download or read book Field Strength Calculations for E L F Radio Waves written by James R. Wait and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
