Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-09-02 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estonia’s economy is vulnerable to the fallout from the war in Ukraine given its geographical proximity to Russia, the geopolitical context, and high passthrough from global energy prices to domestic inflation. Although direct exposures to Russia and Ukraine through trade, services, and financial channels appear to be contained, the war is already significantly affecting economic confidence. Nevertheless, economic activity has progressively adapted to the pandemic, rebounding strongly in 2021, and as of mid-2022, remaining resilient to the headwinds from the war. Inflation has surged into double digits and is increasingly broad-based.

Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2024-06-21 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Russia’s war on Ukraine triggered supply side disruptions, shifting up price and cost levels compared to the euro area average and hurting competitiveness. These developments added to longer-standing problems. Estonia’s export market share has stalled since soon after the GFC as productivity growth fell and the country’s previous competitive edge slowly eroded.

Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund Staff and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dated July 1999.

Download or read book Republic of Estonia 2021 Article IV Consultation Press Release and Staff Report written by International Monetary and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-07-21 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Macroeconomic performance and buffers were strong when the COVID-19 pandemic hit. Economic and social restrictions instituted in March 2020 helped slow new infections and mitigate negative health outcomes but triggered a deep decline in activity in Q2:2020. The slump was followed by a strong rebound in Q3 as the restrictions were eased. With the resurgence of the virus, pressures on the health system peaked in late-March 2021 and eased after a new round of restrictions. Going forward, the outlook is for a near-term economic recovery subject to large two-way risks. The strength and durability of the recovery hinges on the evolution of the health situation and the extent of economic scarring from the pandemic.

Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2019 Article IV Consultation with Estonia discusses that the outlook is favorable for the near term, however, for slower economic activity for the medium term. Th economy has performed well in recent years, supported by prudent management and effective structural reforms. Growth remains strong and unemployment is at a record low. Inflation is above the euro-area average, consistent with Estonia’s convergence process. Wages are rising, reflecting a tight labor market and skill shortages at the high end of the labor market. Absent reforms to boost productivity and manage demographic challenges, however, growth will slow notably. The authorities need to guard against potential overheating in the near term while taking advantage of sizable fiscal buffers in the medium term to support innovation and labor supply and reduce inequality. The report recommends that it is imperative to consider changes that preserve the pension system’s viability and sustainability, while promoting policies that address inequality. This includes raising female labor participation through broader implementation of gender pay transparency and flexible childcare arrangements.

Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund Staff and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dated July 2001.

Download or read book Republic of Estonia Staff Report for the Article IV Consultation written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by Anne-Marie Gulde and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund. European Dept. and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-05-08 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2014 Article IV Consultation highlights that in 2013, Estonia’s recovery from the crisis continued but at a slower pace. Real GDP growth was 0.8 percent, with private consumption providing the main support, although net exports made a negative contribution. Inflation declined to about 31⁄2 percent, but stayed above the euro average. Public finances remained strong, with a fiscal deficit of 0.2 percent of GDP and a gross public debt of 10 percent of GDP. Real GDP growth is projected at 2.4 percent in 2014, rising toward expected potential growth of 3 to 3.5 percent in the medium term.

Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-03-09 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2008 Article IV Consultation highlights that the economy of Estonia is now experiencing its most severe recession since the early 1990s. The financial sector has withstood the global financial turbulence well so far, but risks remain significant. Executive Directors have commended the Estonian authorities for the progress made in recent years in achieving economic convergence and deepening real and financial ties with the European Union. Directors have also commended the authorities for their planned substantial fiscal restraint in 2009.

Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by Anne-Marie Gulde and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-01-08 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2009 Article IV Consultation highlights that the credit-fueled boom has resulted in a relatively large nonfinancial private sector debt stock in Estonia. With declining incomes, unemployment increasing sharply, and asset prices depressed, balance sheets of households and firms are under strain, weighing on domestic demand. Nonperforming loans have increased to more than 6 percent of total, and some banks are reporting losses. Executive Directors have supported the authorities’ aim toward speedy adoption of the euro, noting its effects in fostering stability and confidence.

Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-11-29 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The staff report for the 2011 Article IV Consultation concluded that a vibrant recovery marked Estonia’s first year in the euro area, albeit amid nascent tensions. The economy’s strong rebound has been grounded in a proven track record of prudent macroeconomic policies. Executive Directors endorsed that Estonia faces an increasingly challenging environment as it looks to continue implementing policies preserving macroeconomic policy credibility and safeguarding sustainable growth. They also stated that, for the financial sector, the challenge entails safeguarding stability in the context of heightened global financial tension.

Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2006-11-29 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Estonia’s commitment to free markets and prudent financial policies has paid off handsomely. Demand pressures and rapid productivity growth have produced strong wage increases and large employment gains. Inflation, while moderate for a fast-converging economy, remains above the Maastricht threshold, and has been pushed up in recent months by rises in nontraded goods prices. Estonia’s economic growth has supported—and been supported by—rapid credit growth, financed increasingly by resource transfers from Nordic banking groups to Estonian affiliates. The macroeconomic impact of EU funds is needed.

Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Republic of Estonia written by International Monetary Fund Staff and published by . This book was released on 2001-01 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As required under Article IV of its Articles of Agreement, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) conducts periodic consultations with its member countries. This IMF Staff Report for the 2000 Article IV consultation with Estonia reports that, following a sharp but short recession linked to events in Russia, real GDP growth has resumed. Despite the economic recovery, unemployment remained high but inflation has fallen to low levels. Good progress is being made in the implementation of the structural reform agenda, including the privatisation of major infrastructure companies. EU accession negotiations are proceeding apace.