Download or read book Representation of the Interaural Level Difference Cue in Auditory Cortex of the Rat written by Nathan C. Higgins and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Encoding of Sound Shape in Rat Auditory Cortex written by Ahmad Osman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mammals discriminate temporal “shape†cues in speech and other sounds but the underlying neural pathways and mechanisms remain a mystery. Shape cues include the rising and falling slopes and the duration of change in the sound envelope amplitude over time and are critical for sound perception. The auditory cortices are essential for behavioral discrimination of temporal cues and yet the neural mechanisms underlying this ability remain unknown. Primary (A1) and ventral non-primary auditory cortical fields (VAF SRAF) are physiologically and anatomically organized and specialized to represent distinct spectral and spatial cues in sound. The current study investigates cortical field differences for encoding envelope shape in sound. In the present study, we ask whether A1, VAF and SRAF could utilize spike rate, distinct temporal spiking patterns, including onset and sustained components, to discriminate sound shape. To address these questions we computed a discrimination index based on the spike distance metric. We find response durations and optimal time constants for discriminating sound shape increase in rank order with: A1

Download or read book The Auditory Cortex written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been substantial progress in understanding the contributions of the auditory forebrain to hearing, sound localization, communication, emotive behavior, and cognition. The Auditory Cortex covers the latest knowledge about the auditory forebrain, including the auditory cortex as well as the medial geniculate body in the thalamus. This book will cover all important aspects of the auditory forebrain organization and function, integrating the auditory thalamus and cortex into a smooth, coherent whole. Volume One covers basic auditory neuroscience. It complements The Auditory Cortex, Volume 2: Integrative Neuroscience, which takes a more applied/clinical perspective.

Download or read book Encoding of Shape and Repetition Rate in the Rat Auditory Cortex written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Inhibitory Function in Auditory Processing written by R. Michael Burger and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-10-28 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There seems little doubt that from the earliest evolutionary beginnings, inhibition has been a fundamental feature of neuronal circuits - even the simplest life forms sense and interact with their environment, orienting or approaching positive stimuli while avoiding aversive stimuli. This requires internal signals that both drive and suppress behavior. Traditional descriptions of inhibition sometimes limit its role to the suppression of action potential generation. This view fails to capture the vast breadth of inhibitory function now known to exist in neural circuits. A modern perspective on inhibitory signaling comprises a multitude of mechanisms. For example, inhibition can act via a shunting mechanism to speed the membrane time constant and reduce synaptic integration time. It can act via G-protein coupled receptors to initiate second messenger cascades that influence synaptic strength. Inhibition contributes to rhythm generation and can even activate ion channels that mediate inward currents to drive action potential generation. Inhibition also appears to play a role in shaping the properties of neural circuitry over longer time scales. Experience-dependent synaptic plasticity in developing and mature neural circuits underlies behavioral memory and has been intensively studied over the past decade. At excitatory synapses, adjustments of synaptic efficacy are regulated predominantly by changes in the number and function of postsynaptic glutamate receptors. There is, however, increasing evidence for inhibitory modulation of target neuron excitability playing key roles in experience-dependent plasticity. One reason for our limited knowledge about plasticity at inhibitory synapses is that in most circuits, neurons receive convergent inputs from disparate sources. This problem can be overcome by investigating inhibitory circuits in a system with well-defined inhibitory nuclei and projections, each with a known computational function. Compared to other sensory systems, the auditory system has evolved a large number of subthalamic nuclei each devoted to processing distinct features of sound stimuli. This information once extracted is then re-assembled to form the percept the acoustic world around us. The well-understood function of many of these auditory nuclei has enhanced our understanding of inhibition's role in shaping their responses from easily distinguished inhibitory inputs. In particular, neurons devoted to processing the location of sound sources receive a complement of discrete inputs for which in vivo activity and function are well understood. Investigation of these areas has led to significant advances in understanding the development, physiology, and mechanistic underpinnings of inhibition that apply broadly to neuroscience. In this series of papers, we provide an authoritative resource for those interested in exploring the variety of inhibitory circuits and their function in auditory processing. We present original research and focused reviews touching on development, plasticity, anatomy, and evolution of inhibitory circuitry. We hope our readers will find these papers valuable and inspirational to their own research endeavors.

Download or read book Issues in Neuroscience Research and Application 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 5055 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Neuroscience Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Neuroscience Research and Application. The editors have built Issues in Neuroscience Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Neuroscience Research and Application in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Neuroscience Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Auditory Temporal Processing and its Disorders written by Jos J. Eggermont and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-04-30 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Auditory temporal processing' determines our understanding of speech, our appreciation of music, our ability to localize a sound source, and even to listen to a person in a noisy crowd. Sound is dynamic and as such has temporal and spectral content. In disorders such as auditory neuropathy and MS, problems can occur with these temporal representations of sound, leading to a mismatch between auditory sensitivity and speech discrimination. In dyslexia, specific language impairment, and auditory processing disorders, similar problems occur early in life and set up additional cognitive speech processing problems. It has also been found that in disorders such as autism, schizophrenia and epilepsy, temporal processing deficits can occur. This book reviews comprehensively the mechanisms for temporal processing in the auditory system, looking at how these underlie specific clinical disorders, with implications for their treatment. Written by a prolific researcher in auditory neuroscience, this book is valuable for auditory neuroscientists, audiologist, neurologists, and speech language pathologists.

Download or read book Cortical Subcortical Loops in Sensory Processing written by Max F. K. Happel and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-28 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hearing Loss and Cognitive Disorders written by Ke Liu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-30 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Mammalian Auditory Pathways written by Douglas L. Oliver and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-10 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The auditory system is a complex neural system composed of many types of neurons connected into networks. One feature that sets the auditory system apart from other sensory systems, such as somatosensory or visual systems, is the many stages of neural processing that occur between the ear in the periphery and the cerebral cortex. Each stage is composed of specialized types of neurons connected in specific microcircuits that perform computations on the information about sound. To understand this processing, all the tools of neuroscience must be employed. The proposed text integrates cell biology, synaptic physiology, and electrophysiology to fully develop the topic, presenting an overview of the functional anatomy of the central auditory system. It is organized based on the neuronal connectivity of the central auditory system, which emphasizes the neurons, their synaptic organization, and their formation of functional pathways and microcircuits. The goal of the book is to stimulate research into the cell biology of the central auditory system and the characteristics of the specific neurons and connections that are necessary for normal hearing. Future research on the development of the central auditory including that employing stem cells will require such information in order to engineer appropriate therapeutic approaches. ​

Download or read book The Senses A Comprehensive Reference written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-30 with total page 5215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Senses: A Comprehensive Reference, Second Edition, Seven Volume Set is a comprehensive reference work covering the range of topics that constitute current knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying the different senses. This important work provides the most up-to-date, cutting-edge, comprehensive reference combining volumes on all major sensory modalities in one set. Offering 264 chapters from a distinguished team of international experts, The Senses lays out current knowledge on the anatomy, physiology, and molecular biology of sensory organs, in a collection of comprehensive chapters spanning 4 volumes. Topics covered include the perception, psychophysics, and higher order processing of sensory information, as well as disorders and new diagnostic and treatment methods. Written for a wide audience, this reference work provides students, scholars, medical doctors, as well as anyone interested in neuroscience, a comprehensive overview of the knowledge accumulated on the function of sense organs, sensory systems, and how the brain processes sensory input. As with the first edition, contributions from leading scholars from around the world will ensure The Senses offers a truly international portrait of sensory physiology. The set is the definitive reference on sensory neuroscience and provides the ultimate entry point into the review and original literature in Sensory Neuroscience enabling students and scientists to delve into the subject and deepen their knowledge. All-inclusive coverage of topics: updated edition offers readers the only current reference available covering neurobiology, physiology, anatomy, and molecular biology of sense organs and the processing of sensory information in the brain Authoritative content: world-leading contributors provide readers with a reputable, dynamic and authoritative account of the topics under discussion Comprehensive-style content: in-depth, complex coverage of topics offers students at upper undergraduate level and above full insight into topics under discussion

Download or read book The Inferior Colliculus written by Jeffery A. Winer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-05 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Connecting the auditory brain stem to sensory, motor, and limbic systems, the inferior colliculus is a critical midbrain station for auditory processing. Winer and Schreiner's The Inferior Colliculus, a critical, comprehensive reference, presents the current knowledge of the inferior colliculus from a variety of perspectives, including anatomical, physiological, developmental, neurochemical, biophysical, neuroethological and clinical vantage points. Written by leading researchers in the field, the book is an ideal introduction to the inferior colliculus and central auditory processing for clinicians, otolaryngologists, graduate and postgraduate research workers in the auditory and other sensory-motor systems.

Download or read book Populational Response in Rat Primary Auditory Cortex at Different Intensity Levels written by Justine E. Curley and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrative Brain Function Down Under written by Greg Stuart and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Auditory Spectral Processing written by Manuel S. Malmierca and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2005-11-23 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All natural auditory signals, including human speech and animal communication signals, are spectrally and temporally complex, that is, they contain multiple frequencies and their frequency composition, or spectrum, varies over time. The ability of hearers to identify and localize these signals depends on analysis of their spectral composition. For the overwhelming majority of human listeners spoken language is the major means of social communication, and this communication therefore depends on spectral analysis. Spectral analysis begins in the cochlea, but is then elaborated at various stages along the auditory pathways in the brain that lead from the cochlea to the cerebral cortex. The broad purpose of Auditory Spectral Processing is to provide a comprehensive account of the way in which spectral information is processed in the brain and the way in which this information is used by listeners to identify and localize sounds. Examines spectral processing mechanisms at different levels along the auditory neuraxis, from the cochlear nucleus to the cortex Reviews in detail psychophysical and neurophysiological evidence on the way in which spectral information is processed within and across frequency channels Presents information on the nature of the spectral information required for speech and music perception Examines a series of issues that relate to the role of spectral analysis in higher order/cognitive aspects of hearing and in clinical and applied contexts

Download or read book The Ability of Hamsters Mesocricetus Auratus to Use the Binaural Phase Cue to Localize Sound written by John Freeman Cumming (IV.) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two binaural cues for localizing sound in the horizontal plane: the difference in the time of arrival of a sound at the two ears (binaural time-difference cue) and the difference in the intensity of a sound at the two ears (binaural intensity-difference cue). When localizing pure tones, the binaural time-difference cue is often referred to as a binaural phase-difference cue, with the sound reaching the two ears expressed as a phase difference (i.e., the difference in the phase of a sine wave at the two ears). Previous studies concerning the neural basis of sound localization have shown that damage to auditory cortex in carnivores and primates abolishes their ability to perceive the location of a sound in space (e.g., Neff, Fisher, Diamond & Yela, 1956; Heffner, 2004), whereas damage to auditory cortex in laboratory rats has little effect on their ability to localize sound (Kavanagh & Kelly, 1986). One possible explanation for this species difference is that rodents, in general, do not use auditory cortex for sound localization. Another is that auditory cortex is necessary for sound localization in animals that use the binaural time-difference cue, such as carnivores and primates, but not in animals that do not use that cue, such as rats (Wesolek, Koay, Heffner & Heffner, 2010). The goal of this study was to determine which of these two explanations is correct by identifying a rodent that used the binaural time-difference cue, so that future studies might determine whether damage to auditory cortex affected its ability to localize sound. Thus, this study was to investigate whether hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) use the binaural time-difference cue by determining their ability to localize low-frequency tones presented from loudspeakers located 30o to the left and right of their midline (60o total separation)--a task that requires the ability to use the binaural time-difference cue. If they could, then they could be studied to determine if the sound-localization ability of a rodent that uses the binaural time cue is affected by ablation of auditory cortex (as are carnivores and primates). The hamsters' ability to localize low frequencies from 125 Hz to 2 kHz, as well as a 4-kHz carrier tone modulated at 250 and 500 Hz, demonstrated their ability to use the binaural phase-difference cue. The hamsters were also able to localize high-frequency pure tones where the binaural phase-difference cue was ambiguous, demonstrating that they could use the binaural intensity-difference cue. Even though the binaural phase-difference cue was estimated to be physically unambiguous up to 9.175 kHz at ± 30°, the hamsters were only able to use the cue up to 2.4 kHz. Additionally, although binaural intensity differences were estimated to only be available above 13.902 kHz, the hamsters were able to use the cue far below this at 5.6 kHz. Although it was found that hamsters do use both binaural cues, the length of time required to train and test them, coupled with their relatively short lifespan of 2 years, makes them unsuitable for the behavioral study of the effect of cortical lesions on sound localization. However, these results contribute to a larger body of comparative localization research, adding to the sample of small rodents known to use the binaural time-difference cue.