Download or read book Prevenci n de accidentes causados por explosiones durante las labores subterr neas en las minas de carb n written by Oficina Internacional del Trabajo and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Geothermal Resources written by R. Bowen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the Arab oil embargo of 1974, it has been clear that the days of almost limitless quantities of low-cost energy have passed. In addition, ever worsening pollution due to fossil fuel consumption, for instance oil and chemical spills, strip mining, sulphur emission and accumulation of solid wastes, has, among other things, led to an increase of as much as 10% in the carbon dioxide content of the atmosphere in this century. This has induced a warming trend through the 'greenhouse effect' which prevents infrared radiation from leaving it. Many people think the average planetary temperatures may rise by 4°C or so by 2050. This is probably true since Antarctic ice cores evidence indicates that, over the last 160000 years, ice ages coincided with reduced levels of carbon dioxide and warmer interglacial episodes with increased levels of the gas in the atmosphere. Consequently, such an elevation of temperature over such a relatively short span of time would have catastrophic results in terms of rising sea level and associated flooding of vast tracts of low-lying lands. Reducing the burning of fossil fuels makes sense on both economic and environmental grounds. One of the most attractive alternatives is geothermal resources, especially in developing countries, for instance in El Salvador where geothermal energy provides about a fifth of total installed electrical power already. In fact, by the middle 1980s, at least 121 geothermal power plants were operating worldwide, most being of the dry steam type.

Download or read book La seguridad y la salud en las minas de carbon subterraneas written by Martin Hahn and published by International Labour Organisation. This book was released on 2008-05-30 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An lisis control y evaluaci n de riesgo de fen menos gaseodin micos en minas de carb n written by María Belarmina Díaz Aguado and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Las explotaciones subterráneas de carbón desde siempre han tenido que enfrentarse y han debido combatir la presencia de gases en el ambiente minero. De entre estos gases destaca, por su presencia en el carbón y por su elevado índice de siniestralidad, el gas grisú, que genéricamente se denomina metano o gas de mina. Ya en el siglo XIX se empezaron a impulsar algunos de los primeros elementos de control y seguridad minera. Sin embargo, pese a los avances técnicos que desde entonces ha experimentado la minería, aún no se ha logrado eliminar el problema del grisú. Esto en parte se debe a la mayor profundidad de las explotaciones actuales, pues al explotar capas profundas se modifican las condiciones dinámicas del carbón, pero también a la influencia negativa que sobre la reducción de grisú tienen otros hechos: el aumento de la producción y la productividad, la mayor mecanización y electrificación de las labores, el empleo de explosivos y el aumento de las velocidades de avance, gracias a la propia tecnificación de los sistemas de explotación. Por tanto y desafortunadamente, el grisú sigue provocando frecuentemente fenómenos gaseodinámicos en las capas de carbón, entendiendo como tales fenómenos aquellas manifestaciones en las que, de forma súbita y debido a una liberación de energía, se desencadena un proceso de proyección de carbón, acompañado de un importante desprendimiento de gas. Estos fenómenos comprenden a su vez varios tipos de incidentes, que van desde el derrabe con grisú hasta los desprendimientos instantáneos. Pero, por desgracia, a veces pasan de ser meros incidentes, dando lugar a accidentes, incluso con elevado número de víctimas, pues en todos ellos existen una serie de riesgos inherentes: riesgo de formación de una atmósfera irrespirable, riesgo de que el carbón desprendido produzca un taponamiento de las vías respiratorias o incluso un enterramiento, y riesgo de formación de una atmósfera explosiva. En la Cuenca Central Asturiana el número de incidentes debidos al grisú aumenta al incrementarse la profundidad a la que se explota el carbón. Estos incidentes no sólo se agravan en número y magnitud en capas en las que ya se producían (incluso en algunas en que sólo se habían detectado con carácter incipiente), sino que también han empezado a registrarse en capas en las que hasta el momento no existían referencias sobre este tipo de fenómenos. Pero para que se produzca el fenómeno gaseodinámico tiene que liberarse una energía y, por tanto, ha debido de producirse previamente esa energía. Estas condiciones energéticas se deben a la interacción parcial o total de una serie de factores: la acción de la gravedad y de ondas sísmicas, el contenido de gas en el carbón, la presión del gas en el carbón y el estado tensional del macizo rocoso. En el presente trabajo de tesis doctoral se analizan los fenómenos gaseodinámicos en las explotaciones por sutiraje en la Cuenca Central Asturiana, en particular en una de las capas cuya explotación presenta más riesgo, la capa 8® de los pozos San Nicolás y Montsacro. Además se proponen y justifican algunas medidas para disminuir el riesgo de ocurrencia de estos fenómenos y para su control. Para ello se han estudiado en detalle varios niveles en explotación por el método de subniveles horizontales por sutiraje en retirada en dos pozos múltiples, uno en San Nicolás (pozo 863) y otro en Montsacro (pozo 8®-I). Teniendo en cuenta que sobre la acción de la gravedad y la sísmica apenas se puede actuar y que el contenido de gas en carbón es un parámetro que se viene evaluando de forma sistemática en las capas de carbón asturianas, se ha centrado el análisis en los otros dos factores relevantes, que son los menos estudiados y que no forman parte de la sistemática habitual de toma de datos en la mina: la presión de gas y su medida y el estado tensional del macizo rocoso.

Download or read book Prevention of Accidents Due to Explosions Underground in Coal Mines written by International Labour Office and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Code of practice comprising occupational safety guidelines for preventing underground explosions in coal mining - covers ventilation, gas detection, fire control, dust control, etc.

Download or read book Coal and the Prevention of Explosions and Fires in Mines written by John Harger and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book MANUAL DE RIESGOS EN LA EXPLOTACION DE CAPAS DE CARBON POR EL METODO DE TESTEROS written by INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO GEOMINERO DE ESPAÑA AUTOR and published by IGME. This book was released on 1994 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Explosions in Underground Coal Mines written by Jianwei Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the hazard of gas explosions in sealed underground coal mines, and how the risk of explosion can be assessed, modeled, and mitigated. With this text, coal mine operators and managers will be able to identify the risks that lead to underground mine gas explosions, and implement practical strategies to optimize mining safety for workers. In six chapters, the book offers a framework for understanding the sealed coal mine atmosphere, the safety characteristics that are currently in place, and the guidelines to be followed by engineers to improve upon these characteristics. The first part of the book describes the importance and characteristics of underground gas mine explosions in a historical context with data showing the high number of fatalities from explosion incidents, and how risk has been mitigated in the past. Chapters also detail mathematical models and explosibility diagrams for determining and understanding the risk factors involved in mine explosions. Readers will also learn about safety operations, and assessments for the sealed mine atmosphere. With descriptions of chapter case studies, mining engineers and researchers will learn how to apply safety measures in underground coal mines to improve mining atmospheres and save lives.

Download or read book Current Mine Safety Disasters written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Results of In mine Research in Support of the Investigation of the Sago Mine Explosion written by Kenneth L. Cashdollar and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) and the West Virginia Office of Miners' Health, Safety, and Training (WVOMHS&T) investigated the explosion at the Sago Mine in West Virginia, which occurred on January 2, 2006, and resulted in 12 fatalities. As part of the investigation, the agencies requested that the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) Pittsburgh Research Laboratory evaluate the effects of explosions on specific mine ventilation seals and other structures and objects at its Lake Lynn Experimental Mine (LLEM). The results of the LLEM study would assist MSHA and WVOMHS&T in a more thorough understanding of the various questions that arose during their investigations of the explosion. Six large-scale explosion tests were conducted in the LLEM from April to October 2006. The protocols for these tests, and in particular the procedures for constructing various Omega block seals, were developed mainly by MSHA and WVOMHS&T. NIOSH developed the experimental procedures at the LLEM that would provide the required range of explosion pressures against the seals ... By comparing the results of known explosion loading pressures on the various ventilation structures and objects in the LLEM with their observations at the Sago Mine, MSHA and WVOMHS&T could better analyze the explosion pressures that may have occurred at the Sago Mine."--P. [1]-2.

Download or read book Coal and the Prevention of Explosions and Fires in Mines written by J. Harger and published by . This book was released on 1918 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: