Download or read book Reliability based Criteria for Corrosion in Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders written by Makoto Yanaka and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Time Dependent Reliability Models for Steel Girder Bridges written by Chan-Hee Park and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book THE EFFECTS OF CORROSION ON THE RELIABILITY OF CONCRETE BRIDGE GIRDERS written by SHUENN-CHERN TING and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: bridge girders can also be applied to new bridges.

Download or read book Serviceability Criteria in Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders written by Hassan Hassan El-Hor and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reliability Models for Corrosion of Concrete Bridges written by Taejun Cho and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of a Probability Based Load Criterion for American National Standard A58 written by Bruce R. Ellingwood and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reliability of Corroded Steel Bridge Girders written by Irene A. Cordahi and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion is one of the main causes of deterioration of bridges. Structures exposed to harsh environmental conditions are subjected to time-variant changes of their load-carrying capacity. Thus, there is a need for an evaluation to accurately assess the actual condition and predict the remaining life of a structure. System reliability can be used as an efficient tool in evaluation of existing structures. The traditional approach is based on the consideration of individual components rather than the system as a whole. However, it has been observed that the load-carrying capacity of the whole system often is much larger than what is determined by the design of components. Quantification of this difference is the scope of this study.

Download or read book Field Evaluation of the Long Term Corrosion Protection Characteristics of Calcium Nitrite in Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders written by Eric P. Steinberg and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The deterioration of reinforcement in prestressed concrete bridge structures is of enormous importance because it can lead to high costs of bridge repair and/or replacement. To reduce corrosion of reinforcement in prestressed concrete bridge girders, the Ohio DOT requires the use of the corrosion inhibitor calcium nitrite or epoxy coated reinforcement. The objective of this work was to determine the effectiveness of calcium nitrite.

Download or read book Evaluation and Repair Procedures for Precast prestressed Concrete Girders with Longitudinal Cracking in the Web written by Maher K. Tadros and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report establishes a user's manual for the acceptance, repair, or rejection of precast/prestressed concrete girders with longitudinal web cracking. The report also proposes revisions to the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications and provides recommendations to develop improved crack control reinforcement details for use in new girders. The material in this report will be of immediate interest to bridge engineers.

Download or read book Reliability Based Assessment of FRP Rehabilitation of Reinforced Concrete Girders written by Patrick Carlo Wilcox and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of prefabricated fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) strips to rehabilitate concrete structures has increased in popularity over the past few years. As such, many design codes and guidelines have been developed to enable designers to use the FRP materials with confidence in their performance. In this work, FRP durability test results are used with a widely known degradation prediction model to determine the value of FRP material properties used in rehabilitation and strengthening of concrete over time. Equations are presented based on the test data to predict the tensile strength, tensile modulus, short beam shear strength, and flexural strength over time of FRP prefabricated strips from three manufacturers. Corresponding degradation data is presented for the adhesive recommended be each manufacturer for use. The degradation model is used on example girders used in previous research by Atadero and Karbhari (1996) for illustration of differences in the codes and guidelines design property values and those possessed by FRP materials over time to demonstrate the use of the time-based reliability factor within the LRFD model presented in an earlier report to Caltrans. A reliability analysis is conducted in each example case to compare the results. A proposed shift in design philosophy is presented to enable inclusion of material degradation over time and thereby make concrete rehabilitation with FRP strips more efficient and cost effective.

Download or read book Futures in Mechanics of Structures and Materials written by Thiru Aravinthan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-11-20 with total page 915 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Futures in Mechanics of Structures and Materials is a collection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the 20th Australasian Conference on the Mechanics of Structures and Materials (ACMSM20, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia, 2 - 5 December 2008) by academics, researchers and practicing engineers mainly from Austral

Download or read book Proposed Guideline for Reliability based Bridge Inspection Practices written by Glenn A. Washer and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 782: Proposed Guideline for Reliability-Based Bridge Inspection Practices presents a proposed guideline for reliability-based bridge inspection practices and provides two case studies of the application of the proposed guideline. The guideline describes a methodology to develop a risk-based approach for determining the bridge inspection interval according to the requirements in Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21)."--Publisher description.

Download or read book Safety Reliability Risk and Life Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures written by George Deodatis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-10 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures contains the plenary lectures and papers presented at the 11th International Conference on STRUCTURAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY (ICOSSAR2013, New York, NY, USA, 16-20 June 2013), and covers major aspects of safety, reliability, risk and life-cycle performance of str

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structural Behavior of Concrete Girders Prestressed with Stainless Steel Strands written by Anwer Al-Kaimakchi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prestressed concrete is used in structures because of its versatility, adaptability, and durability. Durability of prestressed concrete bridges in extremely aggressive environments is of increasing concern because of corrosion of the carbon steel strands that are typically used for prestressing. Concrete is a permeable material where chloride ions can penetrate through and reach the internal reinforcement and carbon steel strands are highly susceptible to corrosion. Thus, prestressed concrete bridges located in areas with high exposure to environmental factors (e.g., marine environments) deteriorate due to corrosion of carbon steel strands. For example, Florida has a long coastline, with many concrete bridges over coastal water. Among the 12,518 bridges in Florida, 6,303 are prestressed concrete, and almost half of them are older than 40 years. One solution to overcome the early deterioration of coastal bridges is to use corrosion-resistant strands, such as Duplex High-Strength Stainless Steel (HSSS) strands.HSSS strands have high corrosion resistance and are an alternative to carbon steel strands in concrete bridges in extremely aggressive environments. The growing interest in using stainless steel strands has led to the development of the ASTM A1114. In 2020, ASTM A1114 was released as a standard specification for low-relaxation, seven-wire, Grade 240, stainless steel strands for prestressed concrete. Stainless steel is made from different alloys compared to carbon steel, and thus the mechanical properties of stainless steel strands are fundamentally different than those of carbon steel strands. The most significant difference is in the guaranteed ultimate strain: the value for stainless steel strands is only 1.4%. Several departments of transportation (DOTs) have already used or allowed the use of HSSS strands in prestressed piles. As of 2020, a total of 17 projects have used stainless steel strands, a majority of them in piles. Those projects are in areas with high exposure to environmental factors. The use of HSSS strands in flexural members has been hindered by the lack of full-scale test results, structural design approaches, and/or design guidelines. The main concern in using HSSS strands in flexural members is their low ductility. Concrete members prestressed with HSSS strands, if not properly designed, might fail suddenly without adequate warning. There have been no attempts to address this problem in full-scale research studies. The goals of this research project were to investigate the use of HSSS strands in flexural members and to develop design guidelines that could be used by bridge engineers. A total of thirteen (13) 42-ft-long AASHTO Type II girders were designed, fabricated, and tested in flexure or shear. Ten (10) girders were prestressed with HSSS strands, while the other three (3) were prestressed with carbon steel strands and served as control girders. This research program included experimental activities to determine the mechanical and bond strength characteristics, prestress losses, and transfer length of 0.6-in-diameter HSSS strands. Twenty HSSS strands from two spools were tested in direct tension. A stress-strain equation is proposed for the 0.6-in.-diameter HSSS strands, which satisfied all ASTM A1114 requirements. The minimum and average bond strengths, following ASTM A1081, of six 0.6-in.-diameter HSSS strands were 15.8 kips and 17.9 kips, respectively. The minimum and average experimental ASTM A1081 bond strengths were 23.4% and 19.8% greater than the recommended values by PCI Strand Bond Task Group. The maximum measured transfer length of 0.6-in.-diameter HSSS strands was 21.5 inches, which was less than the value predicted by AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications' equation for carbon steel strands. Experimental flexural and shear results showed that the post-cracking behavior of girders prestressed with HSSS strands continued to increase up to failure with no discernible plateau. The behavior is attributed to the stress-strain behavior of the HSSS strands. Also, flexural results revealed that, although HSSS strands have low ductility and all composite girders failed due to rupture of strands, the girders exhibited large reserve deflection and strength beyond the cracking load and provided significant and substantial warning through large deflection, as well as well-distributed and extensive flexural cracking, before failure. A non-linear analytical model and an iterative numerical model were developed to predict the flexural behavior of concrete members prestressed with HSSS strands. Although the analytical model gave better predictions, the iterative numerical approach is slightly conservative and is easier to use for design - designers prefer to use an equation type of approach to perform preliminary designs. Numerical equations were developed to calculate the nominal flexural resistance for flexural members prestressed with HSSS strands. The proposed equations are only valid for rectangular sections. In the case of flanged sections, iterative numerical approaches were also introduced. Because HSSS strand is a brittle material, the design must consider the strain capacity of the strand and must be balanced between flexural strength and ductility. Based on the flexural design philosophy for using carbon steel strands in prestressed concrete girders, along with experimentally-observed behaviors and analytical results for concrete members prestressed with HSSS strands, flexural design guidelines were developed for the use of HSSS strands in flexural members. For I-girders, rupture of strands failure mode is recommended by assuring that concrete in the extreme compression fiber reaches considerable inelastic stresses, at least 0.7f_c^'. For slab beams (e.g. Florida Slab Beam), crushing of concrete failure mode is recommended by assuring that the net tensile strain in the HSSS strand is greater than 0.005. The recommended maximum allowable jacking stress and stress immediately prior to transfer are 75% and 70%, respectively. A resistance factor of 0.75 is recommended for both rupture of strand and crushing of concrete failure modes. AASHTO equations conservatively estimated the measured transfer length and prestress losses of 0.6-inches-diameter HSSS strands. The ACI 318-19 and AASHTO LRFD conservatively predicted the shear capacity of concrete girders prestressed with HSSS strands.

Download or read book Experimental and Analytical Evaluation of Residual Capacity of Corrosion Damaged Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders written by Ali Alfailakawi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The durability of infrastructure components, such as prestressed concrete bridge beams, can be significantly affected by long-term deterioration associated with corrosion. Corrosion is a major concern for bridges in Virginia, due to the frequent use of deicing salts during the winter, as well as the number of structures in marine environments. The residual capacity of corrosion damaged prestressed I-beams and box beams needs to be accurately estimated to determine if damaged bridges need to be posted, and to help with making informed decisions related to repair, rehabilitation and replacement of damaged bridges. This report presents the results of testing of six corrosion-damaged prestressed beams removed from existing bridges during their demolition. Three beams were Type II AASHTO I-beams extracted from the Lesner Bridge in Virginia Beach, and three were 48 in wide by 27 in deep box beams extracted from the Aden Road Bridge near Quantico, Virginia. Prior to testing, the beams were visually inspected and two types of non-destructive evaluations were performed to identify corrosion activity: resistivity measurements and half-cell potential measurements. The beams were then tested in the lab to determine their flexural strength. Following testing, samples of strand were removed and tested to determine their tensile properties. Cores were taken from the Aden Road beams and from both the beams and decks of the Lesner Bridge beams to determine compressive strength. Powdered concrete samples were removed to perform chloride concentration tests. The tested strengths of the beams were compared to calculated strengths using two methods for damage estimation and two different calculation approaches. The methods for damage estimation relied exclusively on visual inspections; one was the set of methods recommended by Naito et al. (2010), while the second was a modified method developed in this study from the current tests. The two calculation approaches were a strain compatibility method and the AASHTO LRFD method. Overall, the results yielded reasonable estimates of residual strength, except for one of the box beams that was discovered to have considerable water within the hollow cells. The final recommendations are that bridge inspectors develop detailed damage maps of corrosion-damaged beams, and that load raters use the Naito et al. method to get a conservative estimate of damage for both box beams and I-beams. Either method for calculating strength is valid, however the AASHTO LRFD method is simpler.

Download or read book Service Life Estimation and Extension of Civil Engineering Structures written by Vistasp M. Karbhari and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-12-20 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Service life estimation is an area of growing importance in civil engineering both for determining the remaining service life of civil engineering structures and for designing new structural systems with well-defined periods of functionality. Service life estimation and extension of civil engineering structures provides valuable information on the development and use of newer and more durable materials and methods of construction, as well as the development and use of new techniques of estimating service life. Part one discusses using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites to extend the service-life of civil engineering structures. It considers the key issues in the use of FRP composites, examines the possibility of extending the service life of structurally deficient and deteriorating concrete structures and investigates the uncertainties of using FRP composites in the rehabilitation of civil engineering structures. Part two discusses estimating the service life of civil engineering structures including modelling service life and maintenance strategies and probabilistic methods for service life estimation. It goes on to investigate non-destructive evaluation and testing (NDE/NDT) as well as databases and knowledge-based systems for service life estimation of rehabilitated civil structures and pipelines. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors Service life estimation and extension of civil engineering structures is an invaluable resource to academics, civil engineers, construction companies, infrastructure providers and all those with an interest in improving the service life, safety and reliability of civil engineering structures. A single source of information on the service life of reinforced concrete and fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) rehabilitated structures Examines degradation mechanisms in composites for rehabilitation considering uncertainties in FRP reliability Provides an overview of probabilistic methods for rehabilitation and service life estimation of corroded structures