Download or read book Relaxation in Viscous Liquids and Glasses written by Steven Brawer and published by Amer Ceramic Society. This book was released on 1985-01-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Viscosity And Relaxation written by D Uhlmann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glass: Science and Technology, Volume 3: Viscosity and Relaxation provides notable developments in the field of glasses. This book contains seven chapters that specifically tackle the scientific and engineering aspects of glass viscosity, viscoelasticity, relaxation, and annealing. This book considers first the basis for the analysis of the data produced in relaxation experiments by testing a variety of mechanical models that help to define many of the viscoelastic properties and to establish relationships between them. The subsequent chapters discuss the basic information on the rheology of viscoelastic substances; the atomic transport properties and structural relaxation processes; and the technological aspects of viscosity and its dependence on temperature, stress, time, and composition. This book further explores the physical mechanisms and theories of glass annealing. Separate chapters deal with the inorganic nonmetallic, organic polymers, and metal glasses. This book will be of value to glass scientists and researchers.
Download or read book Relaxations in Complex Systems written by Naval Research Laboratory (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a survey and review of relaxation phenomena in many research fields. Contents: Viscous Liquids and Glasses; Relaxation in Polymers; Metallic Glasses; Spin Glasses; Electrical Relaxations in Ionic Conductors; and Theory and Models.
Download or read book Structure Dynamics and Properties of Silicate Melts written by Jonathan F. Stebbins and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 32 of Reviews in Mineralogy introduces the basic concepts of melt physics and relaxation theory as applied to silicate melts, then to describe the current state of experimental and computer simulation techniques for exploring the detailed atomic structure and dynamic processes which occur at high temperature, and finally to consider the relationships between melt structure, thermodynamic properties and rheology within these liquids. These fundamental relations serve to bridge the extrapolation from often highly simplified melt compositions studied in the laboratory to the multicomponent systems found in nature. This volume focuses on the properties of simple model silicate systems, which are usually volatile-free. The behavior of natural magmas has been summarized in a previous Short Course volume (Nicholls and Russell, editors, 1990: Reviews in Mineralogy, Vol. 24), and the effect of volatiles on magmatic properties in yet another (Carroll and Holloway, editors, 1994: Vol. 30). The Mineralogical Society of America sponsored a short course for which this was the text at Stanford University December 9 and 10, 1995, preceding the Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union and MSA in San Fransisco, with about 100 professionals and graduate students in attendance.
Download or read book Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of the Vitreous State written by S.V. Nemilov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to logically present the major problems of the vitreous state within the framework of irreversible thermodynamics. Filled with elementary explanations for difficult problems, this easily understood text/reference treats in detail the criteria of glass transition, the peculiarities of relaxing structural parameters, and the Prigogine-Defay ratio. Based on the author's rigorous generalization of the Second Law for non-equilibrium, the book systematizes all known thermodynamic data for glasses and melts. The thermodynamic essence of structural relaxation and memory effects are considered. The viscous flow theories are treated as a constituent of the kinetic description. All theoretical questions are illustrated by comparison of calculations with the experiments for glasses of inorganic and organic nature, with special attention to structural classification. An informative review of modern structural investigations is included. The bibliography follows the history of the main problems from the nineteenth century.
Download or read book Phase Transitions and Self Organization in Electronic and Molecular Networks written by J.C. Phillips and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in nanoscale science show that the properties of many materials are dominated by internal structures. In molecular cases, such as window glass and proteins, these internal structures obviously have a network character. However, in many partly disordered electronic materials, almost all attempts at understanding are based on traditional continuum models. This workshop focuses first on the phase diagrams and phase transitions of materials known to be composed of molecular networks. These phase properties characteristically contain remarkable features, such as intermediate phases that lead to reversibility windows in glass transitions as functions of composition. These features arise as a result of self-organization of the internal structures of the intermediate phases. In the protein case, this self-organization is the basis for protein folding. The second focus is on partly disordered electronic materials whose phase properties exhibit the same remarkable features. In fact, the phenomenon of High Temperature Superconductivity, discovered by Bednorz and Mueller in 1986, and now the subject of 75,000 research papers, also arises from such an intermediate phase. More recently discovered electronic phenomena, such as giant magnetoresistance, also are made possible only by the existence of such special phases. This book gives an overview of the methods and results obtained so far by studying the characteristics and properties of nanoscale self-organized networks. It demonstrates the universality of the network approach over a range of disciplines, from protein folding to the newest electronic materials.
Download or read book Viscous Flow and Volume Relaxation in Simple Glass forming Liquids written by William Turner Laughlin and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Current Trends In The Science And Technology Of Glass Proceedings Of The Indo us Workshop written by Himanshu Jain and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1989-09-01 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents:Glass Surfaces (C Pantano)Current Thoughts on Crystal Nucleation and Growth in Viscous Liquids (D Turnbull)Design of Glass-Ceramics (G Beall)Dynamic Ions in Oxide Glasses (H Jain)Black Box(es) Analysis of Glass Melting Furnaces (A R Cooper)Some Recent Studies of Structure and Modelling in Glasses (K J Rao)Ion-Exchange Processing of Glasses (D Chakravorty)Nonlinear Structural Relaxation in Glassy Systems: An Interpretation of the Narayanaswamy Model (B Bagchi)Crystallisation of Metallic Glasses (P R Rao)Fast Ion Conduction in Glasses: The New Solid Electrolytes (C A Angell)Strength and Fatigue of Oxide Glasses (C R Kurkjian)Models of the Glass Transitions (P K Gupta)Colloidal Glasses (A K Sood)Glass in New Electro-Optic Devices (E Snitzer)Optical Coatings on Glass by Sol-Gel Processing: Achievements and Future Tasks (D Ganguli)Oxidation-Reduction Equilibrium During Preform Making of Optical Fibre (A Paul)Application of Finite Element Analysis to Glass Processing (A K Varshneya)Double Glass Transition and Double Stage Crystallization in Te Based Chalcogenide Glasses (S Ashokan & E S R Gopal)Heat Release and Calorimetry Near Glass Transition (A K Raychaudhuri & M Rajeswan)Heavy Metal Fluoride Glasses (C T Moynihan) Readership: Materials scientists and condensed matter physicists.
Download or read book Defects in Glasses Volume 61 written by F. L. Galeener and published by . This book was released on 1986-04-15 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The MRS Symposium Proceeding series is an internationally recognised reference suitable for researchers and practitioners.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses written by Arun K. Varshneya and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Inorganic Glasses, Third Edition, is a comprehensive reference on the field of glass science and engineering that covers numerous, significant advances. This new edition includes the most recent advances in glass physics and chemistry, also discussing groundbreaking applications of glassy materials. It is suitable for upper level glass science courses and professional glass scientists and engineers at industrial and government labs. Fundamental concepts, chapter-ending problem sets, an emphasis on key ideas, and timely notes on suggested readings are all included. The book provides the breadth required of a comprehensive reference, offering coverage of the composition, structure and properties of inorganic glasses. Clearly develops fundamental concepts and the basics of glass science and glass chemistry Provides a comprehensive discussion of the composition, structure and properties of inorganic glasses Features a discussion of the emerging applications of glass, including applications in energy, environment, pharmaceuticals, and more Concludes chapters with problem sets and suggested readings to facilitate self-study
Download or read book Physical Properties of Polymers Handbook written by James E. Mark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-21 with total page 1050 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers concise information on the properties of polymeric materials, particularly those most relevant to physical chemistry and chemical physics. Extensive updates and revisions to each chapter include eleven new chapters on novel polymeric structures, reinforcing phases in polymers, and experiments on single polymer chains. The study of complex materials is highly interdisciplinary, and new findings are scattered among a large selection of scientific and engineering journals. This book brings together data from experts in the different disciplines contributing to the rapidly growing area of polymers and complex materials.
Download or read book The Glass Transition written by Ernst-Joachim Donth and published by . This book was released on 2014-09-01 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rheology and Relaxation in As Se Glass forming Liquids written by Weidi Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chalcogenide glasses constitute an important class of materials, which are sulfides, selenides or tellurides of group III, IV and/or V elements such as As, Ge, P, Ga and In. The importance of chalcogenide glasses in the areas of photonics, telecommunications, remote sensing and memory technology originates primarily from their superior optical properties in the infrared. Chalcogenide glasses, characterized by low glass transition temperatures, have the unique potential to adopt manufacturing processes from the polymer industry such as extrusion and injection molding. However, during these processes, the liquids are often subjected to large strain rates which may greatly influence their flow behavior. The atomistic origin of this non-Newtonian behavior as well as a fundamental understanding of the viscosity-shear rate relationship for chalcogenide glass-forming liquids remain unclear. On the other hand, the structural relaxation processes towards equilibrium control the technological utility of glasses and glass-ceramics. Such processes are expected to be sensitive functions of the short and intermediate-range structural elements in chalcogenide glasses. These structural units in the binary As-Se system can range from 0-dimensional molecules to 1-dimensional chains all the way to 3-dimensional networks and may be responsible for the coexistence of multiple structural relaxation processes, similar to what has been widely observed in polymer systems. However, a mechanistic connection between the structure and the relaxation processes and an atomistic understanding of how the latter would ultimately control the overall non-Arrhenius viscous flow and shear relaxation behavior of these chalcogenide glass-forming liquids remain poorly understood at best. In the body of work presented in this dissertation we utilize capillary rheometry and parallel-plate rheometry to study the linear and non-linear complex relaxation behavior in Se-rich As-Se glass-forming liquids. Structural characterizations in these systems are carried out using Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and X-ray scattering. In chapters 2, 3 and 4, we report that a wide variety of As-Se glass-forming liquids exhibit shear thinning behavior, i.e. the viscosity decreases with increasing shear rate. Normalization of the viscosity-shear rate curves reveals a surprising universality among the liquids, despite significant differences in their atomic structure. The shear rate at the onset of the non-Newtonian behavior, is found to be an astonishing three to four orders of magnitude slower than the structural relaxation rate of the liquid. Similar universality in the shear thinning behavior is also found in other amorphous systems such as oxide and metallic liquids. In all cases, the onset shear rate is several orders magnitude slower than the relaxation rate. The difference in the normalized onset shear rates between different systems is hypothesized, within the framework of the random-first-order-transition (RFOT) theory, to be related to their different length scales of the cooperative structural rearrangement. Finally, the atomistic origin of the non-Newtonian behavior is studied using polarized Raman spectroscopy and two-dimensional polarized X-ray scattering. Results from both experiments show structural anisotropy in the glasses quenched from sheared liquids, which suggests partial alignment of the Se chain moieties in the shear direction. Yet, no shear rate-dependence of the degree of anisotropy is observed, which may be masked by the rapid structural relaxation during the quench. In Chapter 5, 6, and 7 we explore the structure-relaxation relationship in As-Se binary system and provide new insight into its wide span of fragility. The frequency dependence of the storage and loss moduli measured by oscillatory parallel-plate rheometry reveals the presence of two relaxation processes in liquids with more than 80 atom% Se characterized by structural networks containing selenium chain segments. The slow process is nearly-Arrhenius while the fast process is highly non-Arrhenius. Based on their activation energies and results from high temperature 77Se dynamical NMR spectroscopy, the slow and fast processes are assigned to bond scission/renewal dynamics and the segmental motion of selenium chains, respectively. However, the traditional Maxwell relation does not apply to any of the relaxation processes, i.e. the activation energy of viscosity does not match with that of any of the relaxation rates. Results from creep recovery experiments suggest a highly temperature-dependent shear modulus associated with the slow relaxation process. The temperature dependence of this modulus is related to the conformational entropy of the Se chains. Most importantly, it prevents the failure of the Maxwell relation and makes the slow process coupled to viscosity in the entire temperature range. The mismatch between the activation energy of the viscosity and that of the relaxation timescales in the Se-rich As-Se binary system warrants a revision of the current theoretical models of viscous flow in supercooled glass-forming liquids.
Download or read book Computer Simulations in Condensed Matter From Materials to Chemical Biology Volume 2 written by Mauro Ferrario and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-04-16 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensive and comprehensive collection of lectures by world-leading experts in the field introduces and reviews all relevant computer simulation methods and their applications in condensed matter systems. Volume 2 offers surveys on numerical experiments carried out for a great number of systems, ranging from materials sciences to chemical biology, including supercooled liquids, spin glasses, colloids, polymers, liquid crystals, biological membranes and folding proteins.
Download or read book Non equilibrium Phenomena In Supercooled Fluids Glasses And Amorphous Materials Proceedings Of The Workshop written by Tosi Mario P and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-09-20 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains the Proceedings of the International Workshop on “Non-Equilibrium Phenomena in Supercooled Fluids, Glasses and Amorphous Materials”, held in Pisa in the early fall of 1995 as a joint initiative of the University of Pisa and of the Scuola Normale Superiore. The goal was to bring together liquid state physicists, chemists and engineers, to review current developments and comparatively discuss experimental facts and theoretical predictions in this vast scientific area. The core of the Workshop was a set of general lectures followed by more specific presentations on current issues in the main areas of the field. This structure has been maintained in this volume, in which a set of five overviews is followed by topically grouped contributions in the five areas of ionic glasses and glassy materials, the glass transition, viscous flow and microscopic relaxation, complex fluids, and polymers. The volume also preserves a record of the many short contributions given to the Workshop through posters, which are grouped in it under the subjects of inorganic glasses, organic glasses and complex fluids, polymers, and theoretical aspects.
Download or read book The Physics of Phase Transitions written by Pierre Papon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Physics of Phase Transitions occupies an important place at the crossroads of several fields central to materials sciences. This second edition incorporates new developments in the states of matter physics, in particular in the domain of nanomaterials and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates where progress is accelerating. New information and application examples are included. This work deals with all classes of phase transitions in fluids and solids, containing chapters on evaporation, melting, solidification, magnetic transitions, critical phenomena, superconductivity, and more. End-of-chapter problems and complete answers are included.
Download or read book Nonlinear Dielectric Phenomena in Complex Liquids written by Sylwester J. Rzoska and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-28 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex liquids constitute a basic element in modern materials science; their significant features include self-assembly, mesoscale structures, complex dynamics, unusual phases and enormous sensitivity to perturbations. Understanding their nature and properties are a great challenge to modern materials science that demands novel approaches. This book focuses on nonlinear dielectric phenomena, particularly on nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy (NDS), which may be considered a possible successor to broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). NDS phenomena directly coupled to mesoscale heterogeneity fluctuations, so information obtained in this way is basically complementary to BDS tests. The book also discusses the application of NDS in a set of complex liquid systems: glassy liquids, liquid crystals, liquids with critical point phenomena, and bio-relevant liquids. The complementary application of NDS and BDS may allow the discovery of universal patterns for the whole category of complex liquids. Written by specialists in the field of nonlinear dielectric studies, theoreticians and experimentalists, ranging from solid state physics to biophysics, the book is organized so that it can serve as a basic textbook for a non-experienced reader.
