Download or read book Relative Sea level Variations Revealed by Tide gauge Records of Long Duration written by Anthony James Withnell and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trends in mean relative sea-level and pat.terns of occurrence of extreme sea levels are analyzed separately in the two parts of this thesis. In Part 1, twenty-eight of the world's longest tide-gauge records are examined for clues to the uncertain balance among factors contributing to relative sea-level (RSL) fluctuations. Obtaining these clues requires a description of t he data in terms of component functions, whether chosen for t heir special properties (regression analysis) or empirically determined (EOF analysis). Part 1 describes a regression model that allows for gradual changes of the RSL trend and for sudden changes in the level to which tide-gauge measurements are referred (gauge zero); also described is an EOF analysis procedure that offers certain advantages in the handling of missing observations. Although the rate of RSL rise exhibits significant gradual change over 60- to 120-year analysis intervals at many stations, no support is found for the idea of a gradual global acceleration of RSL rise. Results that seem to show RSL rise accelerating globally over the last century can be attributed instead to the changing geographical distribution of tide-gauge observations. Regional and local controls, which include vertical crustal movements and changes due to oceanographic or meteorological effects, must be responsible for the accelerations documented at many stations, and are dominant in controlling shorter-term departures from the RSL trend too. Preliminary results of EOF analysis reveal regionally coherent fluctuations of annual mean RSL in the Baltic Sea with r.m.s. amplitudes as large as 70 mm. Globally coherent fluctuations have smaller r.m.s. amplitudes: a tentative upper limit is 20 mm. In Part 2, 40 years of hourly sea-level records from two stations on the mid-Atlantic coast of the U.S. a re used in a compilation of monthly 'surge'-level exceedance counts. 'Surge' level is defined as observed sea level minus predicted tide level. The results are compared with previously published storm counts, and the annual cycle of 'surge'-level exceedance frequency is found to lead that of storm frequency by nearly two months. It is recommended that further work aimed at modelling 'surge'-level exceedances should include: (i) recognition that the tide record includes meteorological/ oceanographic as well as astronomical components, especially at the frequency of the solar annual tide, and (ii) quantification of the relative importance of tide and surge in the timing of extreme sea-level occurrences at different times and places.

Download or read book Sea Levels Land Levels and Tide Gauges written by K.O. Emery and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in sea level caused by global warming can be disastrous to modern civilization. Therefore, it is important to use accurate and reliable methods to monitor any change. During this century, and, in particular, the last three decades, tide-gauge records have been used to show these changes related to the world's oceans. Aubrey and Emery suggest, however, that tidal gauges should not be used unquestioningly as a benchmark for measuring eustatic sea-level changes. Tectonism, subsidence, ocean current variability, and human activity can, and do, affect the accuracy of these records. Understanding the reasons for changes in land and sea levels is essential for the proper development of coastal regions. The results of this study provide guiding data for scientific, engineering, and policy solutions to coastal flooding. Determining the true causes of relative subsidence, and how to use geological and oceanological controls, will allow us to exist within our natural environment, rather than force nature to conform to our legal and temporary 'remedies.'

Download or read book Sea Level Rise for the Coasts of California Oregon and Washington written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tide gauges show that global sea level has risen about 7 inches during the 20th century, and recent satellite data show that the rate of sea-level rise is accelerating. As Earth warms, sea levels are rising mainly because ocean water expands as it warms; and water from melting glaciers and ice sheets is flowing into the ocean. Sea-level rise poses enormous risks to the valuable infrastructure, development, and wetlands that line much of the 1,600 mile shoreline of California, Oregon, and Washington. As those states seek to incorporate projections of sea-level rise into coastal planning, they asked the National Research Council to make independent projections of sea-level rise along their coasts for the years 2030, 2050, and 2100, taking into account regional factors that affect sea level. Sea-Level Rise for the Coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington: Past, Present, and Future explains that sea level along the U.S. west coast is affected by a number of factors. These include: climate patterns such as the El Niño, effects from the melting of modern and ancient ice sheets, and geologic processes, such as plate tectonics. Regional projections for California, Oregon, and Washington show a sharp distinction at Cape Mendocino in northern California. South of that point, sea-level rise is expected to be very close to global projections. However, projections are lower north of Cape Mendocino because the land is being pushed upward as the ocean plate moves under the continental plate along the Cascadia Subduction Zone. However, an earthquake magnitude 8 or larger, which occurs in the region every few hundred to 1,000 years, would cause the land to drop and sea level to suddenly rise.

Download or read book Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin written by The BACC II Author Team and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-03 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​This book is an update of the first BACC assessment, published in 2008. It offers new and updated scientific findings in regional climate research for the Baltic Sea basin. These include climate changes since the last glaciation (approx. 12,000 years ago), changes in the recent past (the last 200 years), climate projections up until 2100 using state-of-the-art regional climate models and an assessment of climate-change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. There are dedicated new chapters on sea-level rise, coastal erosion and impacts on urban areas. A new set of chapters deals with possible causes of regional climate change along with the global effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, namely atmospheric aerosols and land-cover change. The evidence collected and presented in this book shows that the regional climate has already started to change and this is expected to continue. Projections of potential future climates show that the region will probably become considerably warmer and wetter in some parts, but dryer in others. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have already shown adjustments to increased temperatures and are expected to undergo further changes in the near future. The BACC II Author Team consists of 141 scientists from 12 countries, covering various disciplines related to climate research and related impacts. BACC II is a project of the Baltic Earth research network and contributes to the World Climate Research Programme.

Download or read book Handbook of Sea Level Research written by Ian Shennan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-19 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measuring sea-level change – be that rise or fall – is one of the most pressing scientific goals of our time and requires robust scientific approaches and techniques. This Handbook aims to provide a practical guide to readers interested in this challenge, from the initial design of research approaches through to the practical issues of data collection and interpretation from a diverse range of coastal environments. Building on thirty years of international research, the Handbook comprises 38 chapters that are authored by leading experts from around the world. The Handbook will be an important resource to scientists interested and involved in understanding sea-level changes across a broad range of disciplines, policy makers wanting to appreciate our current state of knowledge of sea-level change over different timescales, and many teachers at the university level, as well as advanced-level undergraduates and postgraduate research students, wanting to learn more about sea-level change. Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com\go\shennan\sealevel

Download or read book Coastal Altimetry written by Stefano Vignudelli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-06-27 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal Altimetry: Selected Case Studies from Asian Shelf Seas provides information on developments over the past decade in the processing of remotely sensed altimetry in coastal areas, with an overview of expected errors and where they stem from, along with remaining gaps in processing. Challenges covered include the retracking of the altimetric signal to account for land contamination, tropospheric water corrections, and tidal model improvements, along with the pros and cons of widely available products. Additional chapters provide recent research in the regional seas of Asia and cover variability, dynamics, predictability and prediction, impacts of extreme events, effects to ecosystems, and more. This book offers readers a dataset that can illuminate our understanding of the propagation of planetary boundary waves that have a significant sea level signal in near coastal regions. As such, researchers and students who have a foundation in satellite altimetry and want to know the latest development of open ocean and coastal satellite altimetry, especially in Asian coastal regions, will benefit from this book. - Presents the advancement of coastal altimetry technologies from various dedicated experts - Includes case studies throughout to give real-life examples that can be implemented globally - Provides chapters that include summaries of key points and an outlook to the future

Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Download or read book The Norwegian Coastal Current written by and published by Fagbokforlaget. This book was released on 2007 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Norwegian coastal current originates primarily from the freshwater outflow from the Baltic and the freshwater runoff from Norway. It flows northwards along the coast of Norway as a low-salinity current. This coastal region is the spawning ground for a number of important oceanic fish stocks, and the physical environment has an impact on the recruitment, growth, and geographical distribution of these stocks. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the Institute of Marine Research in Norway established a coastal oceanographic observation system. This continued to evolve, and its core elements are still in operation. Drawing on the results generated by this observation system, as well as by other coastal studies, this book reviews the current understanding of the physical/chemical conditions in the Norwegian coastal current in such a way as to make the material more easily accessible to non-specialists. A series of chapters introduces readers to the geography, currents, water masses, and the temporal and spatial variability of the Norwegian coastal current. Interannual fluctuations in physical conditions are most likely to be the prime cause of ecosystem variability. The editor hopes that this book will act as a point of departure for a future summary of the ecology of Norwegian coastal waters.

Download or read book Quaternary Sea Level Changes written by Colin V. Murray-Wallace and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-01-30 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important overview of Quaternary climates including detailed Pleistocene and Holocene sea-level changes, for researchers and graduate and advanced undergraduate students.

Download or read book Sea Level Science written by David Pugh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores sea-level change on timescales from hours to centuries, its processes and its measurement techniques, for graduate students, researchers and policy-makers.

Download or read book Assessment of Climate Change over the Indian Region written by R. Krishnan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-12 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book discusses the impact of human-induced global climate change on the regional climate and monsoons of the Indian subcontinent, adjoining Indian Ocean and the Himalayas. It documents the regional climate change projections based on the climate models used in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) and climate change modeling studies using the IITM Earth System Model (ESM) and CORDEX South Asia datasets. The IPCC assessment reports, published every 6–7 years, constitute important reference materials for major policy decisions on climate change, adaptation, and mitigation. While the IPCC assessment reports largely provide a global perspective on climate change, the focus on regional climate change aspects is considerably limited. The effects of climate change over the Indian subcontinent involve complex physical processes on different space and time scales, especially given that the mean climate of this region is generally shaped by the Indian monsoon and the unique high-elevation geographical features such as the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Tibetan Plateau and the adjoining Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal. This book also presents policy relevant information based on robust scientific analysis and assessments of the observed and projected future climate change over the Indian region.

Download or read book Understanding Sea level Rise and Variability written by John A. Church and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2010-06-11 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Sea-Level Rise and Variability identifies the major impacts of sea-level rise, presents up-to-date assessments of past sea-level change, thoroughly explores all of the factors contributing to sea-level rise, and explores how sea-level extreme events might change. It identifies what is known in each area and what research and observations are required to reduce the uncertainties in our understanding of sea-level rise so that more reliable future projections can be made. A synthesis of findings provides a concise summary of past, present and future sea-level rise and its impacts on society. Key Features: Book includes contributions from a range of international sea level experts Multidisciplinary Four color throughout Describes the limits of our understanding of this crucial issue as well as pointing to directions for future research The book is for everyone interested in sea-level rise and its impacts, including policy makers, research funders, scientists, students, coastal managers and engineers. Additional resources for this book can be found at: http://www.wiley.com/go/church/sealevel.

Download or read book Advancing the Science of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.

Download or read book Sea Level Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea-level rise may be one of the consequences of global warming. To understand changes in sea level caused by the "greenhouse effect," we must understand the factors that have caused the sea level to fluctuate significantly throughout history. This new volume explores current views among scientists on the causes and mechanisms of sea-level change. The authors examine measurement programs and make recommendations aimed at improving our understanding of the factors that affect sea level. It will be welcomed by scientists, engineers, and policymakers concerned about "greenhouse" issues and sea-level change, the environmental community, researchers, and students.

Download or read book Sea level Changes and Their Effects written by John Noye and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2001 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the outcomes of the international Ocean and Atmosphere Pacific International Conference held in Adelaide, South Australia on 23-27 October 1995 ... The first book to result from this NTF initiative, was published [in 1999] with the title "Modelling coastal sea processes". The present book ... is the second in this series.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Coastal Science written by M. Schwartz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-08 with total page 1243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new Encyclopedia of Coastal Science stands as the latest authoritative source in the field of coastal studies, making it the standard reference work for specialists and the interested lay person. Unique in its interdisciplinary approach. This Encyclopedia features contributions by 245 well-known international specialists in their respective fields and is abundantly illustrated with line-drawings and photographs. Not only does this volume offer an extensive number of entries, it also includes various appendices, an illustrated glossary of coastal morphology and extensive bibliographic listings.

Download or read book Sea Surface Studies written by R. J. Devoy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans are vast with t,¥o-thirds of our planet being covered by a thick layer of water, the depth of which can be likened to flying above the earth's surface at an altitude of 30,000 feet (9,800 m). Good to play in, essential for life but deadly to breathe, water is important to all organisms on the planet, and the oceans form its major reservoir containing approximately 97 per cent of all freely available surface water. In spite of this obvious importance mankind has still much to learn about this ocean environment. Study of the oceans has grown enormously since the eighteenth- and nineteenth-century voyages of scientific discovery, expanding greatly in the period post 1945. One of the subjects that has blossomed in this period has been the study of the ocean's surface, and in particular the study of sea level and related sea-surface changes. Indeed this topic may even be termed 'popular', as reflected in the growing number of general geo morphology, physical geology and oceanography texts which now give space to the subject.