Download or read book Regulatory Networks of Gene Expression in Heart and Skeletal Muscle Cells on the Level of Histone Modifications and Transcription Factors written by Jenny J. Fischer and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulatory Networks of Gene Expression in Heart and Skeletal Muscle Cells written by Jenny J. Fischer and published by VDM Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and maintenance of muscle cells is controlled by complex regulatory networks involving epigenetic marks and transcription factors. While histone modifications influence the compaction of chromatin and consequently the accessibility of DNA, transcription factors are responsible for a fine tuning of expression. In this study, modern high-throughput methods of molecular biology together with bioinformatic analyses were used to decipher the architecture of these networks. The role of activating histone modifications and their potential interactions with key cardiac transcription factors in the context of muscle development and congenital heart diseases are presented. Several hundred genes regulated by the transcription factors Gata4, Mef2a, Nkx2.5, and Srf were identified, demonstrating their essential role in the formation of cardiac structures. The findings support the existence of a complex combinatorial 'histone code' and suggest that histone modifications have further functions as signaling marks. This book is addressed to researchers in a modern molecular biology laboratory, including the fields of biology, biochemistry, bioinformatics, and medicine."

Download or read book Studies on the Transcriptional Regulation of the Cardiac Muscle specific Gene Expression written by Yimin Zou and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gene Networks During Cardiogenesis and Skeletal Myogenesis written by Hsiao-Yen Ma and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organismal development requires a precisely orchestrated transcriptional program to correctly deploy genetic information into the genome. This process requires sophisticated gene regulatory networks at multiple spatial and temporal levels from early embryonic development to adult physiological conditions. Molecular differences that define cell types are set up during the pattern formation phase of development. Selective gene expression provides molecular markers such as sequence specific DNA-binding transcription factors (SSTFs) to define cell types. Homeodomain transcription factors are essential for embryonic pattern formation and cell specification and therefore can affect several mechanistically distinct aspects of organ development. The Pitx2 homeobox gene is expressed in the lateral plate mesoderm and it is involved in cardiac and skeletal muscle development. Mutations of Pitx2 are associated with the human Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome. Pitx2 null mice die at embryonic day 13.5 and exhibit un-septated atria and outflow tract that leads to deformed valves and arrythmias. Pitx2 promotes the proliferation of the branchial arch mesoderm-derived cells and their remodeling process, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, to form the outflow tract cushions by influencing the expression of SSTFs in the cardiac mesoderm. Pitx2 is expressed in skeletal muscle cells from their time as progenitors until they form mature muscle groups. In Pitx2 null mutant mice the skeletal muscles have been specified, the muscles were formed but their higher order assembly was disrupted. Pitx2 was a key player of the embryonic muscle progenitors as they transition to the fetal state. Embryonic muscle progenitors were able to delaminate from the dermomyotome and migrate to the forelimb pre-patterned anlagen but were not fast to transition to the fetal state, as their G1 phase was arrested and their motility was disrupted. We have developed a Pitx2 conditional genetic system that eliminates the early cause of death and allows us to investigate the role Pitx2 at later stages. The molecular mechanisms of muscle regeneration in adults share many characteristics with the myogenic programs that generate skeletal muscle during development. These studies will enhance the molecular understanding of myogenic development and generate muscle-impaired mouse lines for drug and regeneration studies.

Download or read book Cardiovascular Specific Gene Expression written by P.A.F.M. Doevendans and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improving our insights into the genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease is one of the most important challenges in our field in the next millennium, not only to unravel the cause of disease but also to improve the selection of patients for particular treatments. Nowadays, for example, subjects with a cholesterol above a particular plasma level are exposed to a cholesterol lowering regime based upon the beneficial outcome of epidemiological studies which include subjects not prone to the disease, despite a plasma cholesterol above the accepted level. Identification of the patients who are genetically predisposed to the consequences of this disorder will reduce the number of subjects unnecessarily treated and, hence, the costs of health care. Because in most cardiovascular diseases the genetic component is a consequence of more than one gene defect, only limited progress has as yet been made in identifying subjects genetically at risk. For example, in hypertension only in less than 10% of the patients the genetic defect has been identified. It has been known for quite some time that in heart and blood vessels fetal genes are as high blood pressure and upregulated or induced when they are exposed to such disorders ischemia. Little is known about the function of these genes in the cardiac and vascular adaptation to these disorders; only guesses can be made.

Download or read book Hormones Metabolism and the Benefits of Exercise written by Bruce Spiegelman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is faced with an epidemic of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is due to changes in dietary habits and the decrease in physical activity. Exercise is usually part of the prescription, the first line of defense, to prevent or treat metabolic disorders. However, we are still learning how and why exercise provides metabolic benefits in human health. This open access volume focuses on the cellular and molecular pathways that link exercise, muscle biology, hormones and metabolism. This will include novel “myokines” that might act as new therapeutic agents in the future.

Download or read book Cardiac Gene Expression written by Jun Zhang and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2007-03-19 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents both cutting-edge and established methods for studying cardiac gene expression. The protocols provide a template for solid research, and cover the process through screening, analysis, characterization, and functional confirmation of novel genes or known genes with a new function. The concluding section of the book highlights methods that facilitate overexpression or cardiac-specific targeted gene deletion.

Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cardiac Regeneration written by Masaki Ieda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Volume of the series Cardiac and Vascular Biology offers a comprehensive and exciting, state-of-the-art work on the current options and potentials of cardiac regeneration and repair. Several techniques and approaches have been developed for heart failure repair: direct injection of cells, programming of scar tissue into functional myocardium, and tissue-engineered heart muscle support. The book introduces the rationale for these different approaches in cell-based heart regeneration and discusses the most important considerations for clinical translation. Expert authors discuss when, why, and how heart muscle can be salvaged. The book represents a valuable resource for stem cell researchers, cardiologists, bioengineers, and biomedical scientists studying cardiac function and regeneration.

Download or read book Muscle Development in Drosophilia written by Helen Sink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-02 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The different aspects of muscle development are considered from cellular, molecular and genetic viewpoints, and the text is supported by black/white and color illustrations. The book will appeal to those studying muscle development and muscle biology in any organism.

Download or read book Regulation of Troponin C Synthesis in Chicken Cardiac Muscle Cell Cultures written by Suman Bala Malhotra and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Mechanism of Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension written by Toshio Nakanishi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book focuses on the molecular mechanism of congenital heart disease and pulmonary hypertension, offering new insights into the development of pulmonary circulation and the ductus arteriosus. It describes in detail the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and morphogenesis of the heart, lungs and ductus arteriosus, covering a range of topics such as gene functions, growth factors, transcription factors and cellular interactions, as well as stem cell engineering technologies. The book also presents recent advances in our understanding of the molecular mechanism of lung development, pulmonary hypertension and molecular regulation of the ductus arteriosus. As such, it is an ideal resource for physicians, scientists and investigators interested in the latest findings on the origins of congenital heart disease and potential future therapies involving pulmonary circulation/hypertension and the ductus arteriosus.

Download or read book Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.

Download or read book Muscle Regeneration written by Alexander Mauro and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1979 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Exercise Metabolism written by Mark Hargreaves and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2006 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive reference for biochemists, sport nutritionists, exercise physiologists, and graduate students in those disciplines. Provides information on the metabolic processes that take place during exercise, examining in depth the mobilization and utilization of substrates during physical activity. Focuses primarily on the skeletal muscle, but also discusses the roles of the liver and adipose tissue. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Circulation written by Ronald J. Korthuis and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References

Download or read book Heart Development and Disease written by Benoit G. Bruneau and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Development of the heart is a complex process and can lead to serious congenital disease if the process goes awry. This book provides a detailed description of the cell lineages involved in heart development and how their migration and morphogenesis are controlled. It also examines the genetic and environmental bases for congenital heart disease and how model systems are revealing more about the processes involved"--