Download or read book Regulation of S100B Expression in Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons and Glia written by Lauren E. Langford and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Neuropeptide Y Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide and Their Receptors in Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons and Glia in Response to Adjuvant induced Inflammation written by Debra D. DeLoach and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activation of trigeminal nerves is involved in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation and pain transmission. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), and their receptors have been implicated in the underlying pathology of temporomandibular joint disorders. The goal of this study was to investigate activation of NPY, VIP, and their receptors in a model of TMJ inflammation using immunohistochemistry. TMJ inflammation was created by bilateral injections of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) into the joint of rats, mimicking mechanical allodynia seen in TMJ disorder. Trigeminal ganglia were dissected after 1, 3, and 5 days after CFA-treatment. NPY expression was observed in Day 1 and Day 5 tissues, with localization to glial cells, and to both neurons and glial cells, respectively. NPY receptor, NPY Y2 was upregulated in Day 1 tissues, localized to neurons and glia. VIP expression was observed in Day 1 and Day 5 tissues, with localization to glial cells, and to both neurons and glial cells, respectively. VIP receptor, VIP R1 was upregulated in Day 3 tissues. Results from my study provide evidence to support a role of NPY, VIP, and their receptors in mediating neuronal and glial cell activation in trigeminal ganglion that is likely to contribute to TMJ pathology and contribute to peripheral sensitization within the ganglion.
Download or read book Regulation of Inflammatory Genes in Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons and Glia in Response to Cocoa Enriched Diets written by Ryan J. Cady and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rats fed a diet enriched in cocoa have shown a decreased response to both chronic and acute inflammatory stimulus. The goal of my study was to identify the effects of a diet enriched in cocoa on neurons and glia of the trigeminal ganglion in response to inflammatory stimuli. Rats were fed a control diet, 1% cocoa, or 10% cocoa diet for 14 days prior to either an injection of capsaicin or CFA in either the V1 or V3 innervated regions of the face. Using immunohistochemistry, levels of several signaling proteins MKP1, MKP2, MKP3, active ERK, p38 and JNK as well as iNOS, and CGRP, were determined in the trigeminal ganglion. Expression of MKP1, and 3 were increased in response to both cocoa diets, while expression of p38, ERK, CGRP, and iNOS were decreased. Importantly, expression of MKP1, an anti-inflammatory protein, was increased basally in both neurons and glial cells. Results from my study provide evidence that cocoa may block peripheral sensitization through increases in MKP1, MKP2, and MKP3. Consistent with this, the expression of the inflammatory genes iNOS and CGRP were also decreased in rats on the high cocoa diet in response to acute and chronic inflammatory stimuli. Furthermore, my data suggests that cocoa may have important implications for the prevention of migraine and TMJ disorders. To my knowledge, this is first evidence to demonstrate that a dietary supplement can cause an up regulation of MKPs and thus is likely to have preventative affects on inflammatory and nociceptive responses during chronic and acute inflammation.
Download or read book Effect of Intranasal Delivery of Carbon Dioxide on Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons written by Stanka Kankipati (M. K.) and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The data from recent clinical trails [sic] have reported that intranasal administration of non-inhaled 100% medical grade CO2 is an effective and safe treatment for migraine and allergic rhinosinusitis, but the exact mechanism of action of CO2 in treating these diseases is not well understood. Activation of trigeminal nerves, release of CGRP, and neuron-glia interactions through gap junctions in trigeminal ganglion are implicated in the pathology of migraine and allergic rhinosinusitis. The goal of this study was to determine whether administration of 100% CO2 to the nasal mucosa of rats inhibits trigeminal ganglion neuron-glia signaling and neuronal cell secretion. Increased signaling via gap junctions between trigeminal neurons and satellite glial cells was seen 2 hrs after capsaicin injection into the whisker pad. This gap junction communication was greatly reduced in animals treated with CO2 prior to capsaicin stimulation. CO2 treatment also blocked the stimulatory effect of capsaicin on Cx 26, S100B and CGRP expression. In addition, CO2 caused a decrease in levels of SNAP-25, a protein involved in controlling CGRP release from trigeminal nerves. Results from this in vivo study provide the first evidence of a unique regulatory mechanism by which CO2 inhibits sensory nerve activation, neuron-glial cell signaling, and subsequent neuropeptide release.
Download or read book Neuroglia written by Helmut Kettenmann and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013 with total page 955 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroglia, the third edition, is the long-awaited revision of the most highly regarded reference volume on glial cells. This indispensable edition has been completely revised, greatly enlarged, and enhanced with four-color figures throughout, all in response to the tremendous amount of new information that has accumulated since the previous edition seven years ago. Glial cells are, without doubt, the new stars in the neuroscience and neurology communities. Neglected in research for years, it is now evident that the brain only functions in a concerted action of all the cells, namely glia and neurons. Seventy one chapters comprehensively discuss virtually every aspect of normal glial cell anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and function, and consider the central roles of these cells in neurological diseases including stroke, Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, neuropathy, and psychiatric conditions. More than 20 new chapters have been added to accommodate the unprecedented growth of knowledge about the basic biology of glia and the sophisticated manner in which they partner with neurons in the course of normal brain function. Lavishly illustrated and meticulously edited, the third edition remains the most convenient and maximally useful reference available. This new edition is an essential reference for both newcomers to the field as well as established investigators. Neuroglia belongs on every neuroscientist's bookshelf and will be a great asset for educators and neurological clinicians as well.
Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CSA Neurosciences Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Satellite Cells of the Sensory Ganglia written by Ennio Pannese and published by Springer. This book was released on 1981-01-01 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS supported Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.
Download or read book The Neural Crest written by Nicole Le Douarin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-11-28 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1999 edition of The Neural Crest contains comprehensive information about the neural crest, a structure unique to the vertebrate embryo, which has only a transient existence in early embryonic life. The ontogeny of the neural crest embodies the most important issues in developmental biology, as the neural crest is considered to have played a crucial role in evolution of the vertebrate phylum. Data that analyse neural crest ontogeny in murine and zebrafish embryos have been included in this revision. This revised edition also takes advantage of recent advances in our understanding of markers of neural crest cell subpopulations, and a full chapter is now devoted to cell lineage analysis. The major research breakthrough since the first edition has been the introduction of molecular biology to neural crest research, enabling an elucidation of many molecular mechanisms of neural crest development. This book is essential reading for students and researchers in developmental biology, cell biology, and neuroscience.
Download or read book Microglia written by Bertrand Joseph and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2013-06-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key discoveries concerning the different biological functions of microglia in health and disease have attracted scientists from various fields. In Microglia: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers in the field detail methods for selection of the key cellular, molecular and biochemical techniques that are used in studying the many and varied functions of this fascinating cell. These methods and techniques include microglia cell culture for studying microglia activation and functions, as well as their interaction with other cell types both in vitro and in vivo. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Microglia: Methods and Protocols is a useful resource for cell biologists, molecular biologists, immunologists, oncologist and neuroscientists.
Download or read book Pathological Potential of Neuroglia written by Vladimir Parpura and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-26 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathophysiological states, neurological and psychiatric diseases are almost universally considered from the neurocentric point of view, with neurons being the principal cellular element of pathological process. The brain homeostasis, which lies at the fulcrum of healthy brain function, the compromise of which invariably results in dysfunction/disease, however, is entirely controlled by neuroglia. It is becoming clear that neuroglial cells are involved in various aspects of initiation, progression and resolution of neuropathology. In this book we aim to integrate the body of information that has accumulated in recent years revealing the active role of glia in such pathophysiological processes. Understanding roles of glial cells in pathology will provide new targets for medical intervention and aide the development of much needed therapeutics. This book will be particularly useful for researchers, students, physicians and psychotherapists working in the field of neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry.
Download or read book Targeting the Broadly Pathogenic Kynurenine Pathway written by Sandeep Mittal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-18 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tryptophan metabolism via kynurenine pathway plays a critical role in both health and a variety of human diseases. This book highlights the known associations between kynurenine pathway and various disease states, as well as examines the current status of drug development and clinical trials of compounds known to alter tryptophan metabolism. The research plays a critical role in molecular targeted therapies directed at altering the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism. The initial and rate-limiting step of tryptophan metabolism is mediated by one of two enzymes, tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO; predominantly in the liver, but also in the brain) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO; in a host of tissues in response to immune activation). Targeting the enzymes IDO and TDO, as well as other downstream effectors would therefore be likely to generate novel treatment options that would be helpful in a wide variety of clinical settings. This book provides a unique bridge between basic mechanistic understanding of the role of the kynurenine pathway with translational applications and clinical relevance. It will explore the indications that tryptophan metabolism is a potential biomarker of disease activity, can contribute to local and possibly systemic immune suppression in cancer, and is an attractive target for which a variety of inhibitors are readily available.
Download or read book Vascular Mechanisms in CNS Trauma written by Eng H. Lo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-04 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there are a number of books on the market that deal with neuronal mechanisms and targets, the proposed book will be the only one to cover the vascular aspects of CNS trauma. The contributing authors will present basic mechanisms, explain cutting-edge experimental models and techniques, and provide several clinical chapters that provide treating physicians with some insight on the cases that they see in the ICU. The table of contents is diverse and comprehensive with chapters on molecular mechanisms, physiology, pharmacology, stem cells, genomics and proteomics, in vivo MRI and PET, as well as the clinical management of vascular parameters.
Download or read book Neurorheumatology written by Tracey A. Cho and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-29 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed, practical textbook focuses on immune mediated disorders of the nervous system with particular focus on systemic autoimmune disorders. Divided into three sections, the first discusses the neuroanatomical and pathophysiologic basis of immune mediated disorders of the nervous system. Following this are 25 chapters devoted to individual clinical conditions. To conclude, the final section explains what is known about the mechanisms of immunomodulatory treatments and practical points about monitoring patients on these treatments. Neurorheumatology: A Comprehensive Guide to Immune Mediated Disorders of the Nervous System bridges the gaps among different branches of medicine and is an indispensable resource for rheumatologists and neurologists looking to develop a firm understanding of these dynamic disorders
Download or read book Pediatric Critical Care Study Guide written by Steven E. Lucking and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-10 with total page 971 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive study guide covering all aspects of pediatric critical care medicine. It fills a void that exists in learning resources currently available to pediatric critical care practitioners. The major textbooks are excellent references, but do not allow concise reading on specific topics and are not intended to act as both text and study guide. There are also several handbooks available, but these are usually written for general pediatric residents and lack the advanced physiology and pathophysiology required for the higher level pediatric critical care practitioner
