Download or read book Regulation of Immunoglobulin Transcription During B cell Differentiation written by Mikael Sigvardsson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Biology of B Cells written by Tasuku Honjo and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference to how B cells are generated, selected, activated and engaged in antibody production. All of these developmental and stimulatory processes are described in molecular, immunological, and genetic terms to give a clear understanding of complex phenotypes. Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition offers an integrated view of all aspects of B cells to produce a normal immune response as a constant, and the molecular basis of numerous diseases due to B cell abnormality. The new edition continues its success with updated research on microRNAs in B cell development and immunity, new developments in understanding lymphoma biology, and therapeutic targeting of B cells for clinical application. With updated research and continued comprehensive coverage of all aspects of B cell biology, Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is the definitive resource, vital for researchers across molecular biology, immunology and genetics.
Download or read book B Lymphocyte Differentiation written by John C. Cambier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the mechanisms of transmembrane signal transduction during B-Cell Activation, the Regulation of Gene Expression during B-Cell Differentiation, Anti-immunoglobulin antibody induction of B-Lymphocyte activation and differentiation in vivo and in vitro, Helper signals in B-Lymphocyte differentiation, Growth and differentiation of b-cell clones in vitro, B-Cell tumors as models of lymphocyte differentiation, and Memory b-cell activation, differentiation, and isotype switching.
Download or read book Changing U1A Levels Regulate Expression of Immunoglobulin M and the Transcriptional Repressor Zhx1 During B Cell Differentiation written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During B cell differentiation U1A plays an important role in regulating the expression of the secretory poly(A) site by inhibiting both cleavage and polyadenylation. Previous work demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of U1A is alleviated in differentiated cells, which express the secretory poly(A) site, however, the mechanism underneath was unveiled. Using B cell lines representing different stages of B cell differentiation, here we show that U1A levels are reduced in differentiated cells. Undifferentiated B cells have more total U1A than differentiated cells and a greater proportion of U1A is not associated with the U1snRNP. We demonstrate that this non-snRNP associated U1A is available to inhibit poly(A) addition at the secretory poly(A) site. In addition, endogenous non-snRNP associated U1A--immunopurified from the different cell lines--inhibited poly(A) polymerase activity proportional to U1A recovered, suggesting that available U1A level alone is responsible for changes in its inhibitory effect at the secretory IgM poly(A) site. It is known that U1A can regulate the expression of its own and IgM gene. Here we report that during mouse B cell differentiation U1A also regulates the expression of the transcriptional repressor, Zhx-1 (zinc fingers and homeoboxes 1), via alternative poly(A) site selection. Using affymetrix microarray analysis combined with RT-PCR techniques, we demonstrate that U1A binds to Zhx-1 mRNA in vivo. We show that the levels of Zhx-1 proteins and mRNA are negatively correlated with U1A levels in B cells and overexpression of U1A in HeLa cells significantly inhibits the expression of Zhx-1. Our in vitro and in vivo assays show that U1A regulates the expression of the upstream poly (A) site of Zhx-1 by binding to the five non-consensus motifs around the poly(A) site and inhibiting both poly(A) addition and cleavage. When the upstream poly(A) site of Zhx-1 is inhibited in mature B cells, the usage of the downstream poly(A) site of Zhx-1 results in the inclusion of ARE elements, which destabilize the mRNA transcript. As a result, less Zhx-1 RNA and protein are produced in mature B cells. We proposed one model about how U1A and ARE coordinately regulate the expression of Zhx-1 during B cell differentiation.
Download or read book Epigenetics of B Cells and Antibody Responses written by Paolo Casali and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-04-12 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene activity that are heritable but not caused by changes in the DNA sequence. By modulating gene activities, epigenetic changes regulate cell functions. They include DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications and gene silencing by the action of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs. It is now clear that epigenetic changes regulate B cell development. By acting in concert with networks of transcription factors, they modulate the activation of B cell lineage specific gene programs and repress inappropriate gene transcription in particular B cell differentiation states.
A hallmark of B cell development in the bone marrow is the assembly of the B cell receptor (BCR) for antigen through rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy (IgH) and light (IgL) chain V(D)J genes, as mediated by RAG1/RAG2 recombinases. Ig V(D)J rearrangement critically times the progression from pro-B cell to pre-B cell and, finally, mature B cell. Such progression is modulated by epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation and histone posttranslational modifications, that increase chromatin accessibility and target RAG/RAG2 to V, D and J DNA. It is also dependent on the expression of multiple microRNAs. Mice deficient in Ago2, which is essential for microRNA biogenesis and function, have B cell development blocked at the pro-B cell stage. In agreement with this, B cell specific ablation of microRNA by B cell-specific knockout of Dicer virtually blocks B cell differentiation at the pro-B to pre-B cell transition.
After mature B cells encounter antigen, changes of the epigenetic landscape are induced by the same stimuli that drive the antibody response; such epigenetic changes underpin the maturation of the antibody response itself. They instruct those B cell differentiation processes, somatic hypermutation (SHM), class switch DNA recombination (CSR) and plasma cell differentiation, that are central to the maturation of the antibody response as well as differentiation of memory B cells. Inducible histone modifications, together with DNA methylation and microRNAs modulate the transcriptome, particularly the expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), central to SHM and CSR, and B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp-1), which is central to plasma cell differentiation.
Combinatorial histone modifications also function as histone codes in the targeting of the CSR and, possibly, the SHM machinery to the Ig locus by recruiting specific adaptors (histone code readers) that can in turn target and/or stabilize CSR/SHM factors. Epigenetic alterations in memory B cells contribute to their functionally distinction from their naive counterparts. Memory B cells inherit epigenetic information from their precursors and acquire new epigenetic marks, which make these resting B cells poised to promptly respond to antigen. The cross/feedback regulation of different epigenetic modifications/elements further increases the complexity of the B cell epigenome, which interacts with the genetic information for precise modulation of gene expression. It is increasingly evident that epigenetic dysregulation in B cells, including aberrant expression of microRNAs, can result in aberrant antibody responses to microbial pathogens, emergence of pathogenic autoantibodies or B cell neoplastic transformation. Epigenetic marks are potential targets for new therapeutics in autoimmunity and B cell malignancy.
Download or read book Janeway s Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of B Cells written by Tasuku Honjo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-10-09 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference to how B cells are generated, selected, activated and engaged in antibody production. All of these developmental and stimulatory processes are described in molecular, immunological, and genetic terms to give a clear understanding of complex phenotypes. Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition offers an integrated view of all aspects of B cells to produce a normal immune response as a constant, and the molecular basis of numerous diseases due to B cell abnormality. The new edition continues its success with updated research on microRNAs in B cell development and immunity, new developments in understanding lymphoma biology, and therapeutic targeting of B cells for clinical application. With updated research and continued comprehensive coverage of all aspects of B cell biology, Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is the definitive resource, vital for researchers across molecular biology, immunology and genetics. Covers signaling mechanisms regulating B cell differentiation Provides information on the development of therapeutics using monoclonal antibodies and clinical application of Ab Contains studies on B cell tumors from various stages of B lymphocytes Offers an integrated view of all aspects of B cells to produce a normal immune response
Download or read book Mechanisms of Lymphocyte Activation and Immune Regulation XI written by Sudhir Gupta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-21 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, major developments have increased understanding of various genetic and epigenetic regulatory processes that are critical for the generation of B cell repertoires. These include the role of chromatin regulation and nuclear organization in understating the IgH gene regulation. These proceedings highlight recent developments in lymphocyte development, Ig gene rearrangements and somatic hypermutation, chromatin structure modification, B lymphocyte signaling and fate, receptor editing, and autoimmunity.
Download or read book Transcriptional Control of Early B Cell Differentiation written by Mary X. D. O'Riordan and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Gene Expression by B Cell Specific Transcription Factors written by Fang Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Biology of B Cells written by Tasuku Honjo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-02-19 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Biology of B Cells is a comprehensive reference to how B cells are generated, selected, activated and engaged in antibody production. All these developmental and stimulatory processes are described in molecular and genetic terms to give a clear understanding of complex phenotyes. The molecular basis of many diseases due to B cell abnormality is also discussed. This definitive reference is directed at research level immunologists, molecular biologists and geneticists.
Download or read book T Cell Dependent and Independent B Cell Activation written by E. Charles Snow and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1990-12-19 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an analysis of the current subdisciplines comprising the study of humoral immune response. The first chapter presents a detailed discussion regarding the experimental and conceptual studies conducted prior to the mid-1970s that have served as a valuable research framework for investigators interested in the process by which B cells are activated following their exposure to antigens. Other chapters focus on topics such as membrane-associated proteins with important functional roles during B cell activation and differentiation; thymus-independent and thymus-dependent activation; mechanisms operative during B-T cell interactions, including the role of B cells as antigen-presenting cells; and the importance of soluble mediators. Additional topics include the regulatory role of T cells during B cell repertoire expression, memory development, tolerance, and autoimmunity. T-Cell Dependent and Independent B-Cell Activation is an important history and reference resource for humoral immune response investigators, as well as advanced graduate and medical students.
Download or read book B Cell Receptor Signaling written by Tomohiro Kurosaki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-26 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details our current understanding of the architecture and signaling capabilities of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in health and disease. The first chapters review new insights into the assembly of BCR components and their organization on the cell surface. Subsequent contributions focus on the molecular interactions that connect the BCR with major intracellular signaling pathways such as Ca2+ mobilization, membrane phospholipid metabolism, nuclear translocation of NF-kB or the activation of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase and MAP kinases. These elements orchestrate cytoplasmic and nuclear responses as well as cytoskeleton dynamics for antigen internalization. Furthermore, a key mechanism of how B cells remember their cognate antigen is discussed in detail. Altogether, the discoveries presented provide a better understanding of B cell biology and help to explain some B cell-mediated pathogenicities, like autoimmune phenomena or the formation of B cell tumors, while also paving the way for eventually combating these diseases.
Download or read book Analysis of Immunoglobulin Gene Expression written by Karin Johansson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Normal and Malignant B Cell written by Mourad Aribi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-02-26 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Normal and Malignant B-Cell is a collection of harmonious chapters contributed by different authors. This book sets out to describe the B-cell during different stages of ontogeny and the molecular mechanisms of its antigen receptor diversity. It also discusses the main clinical and etiopathogenic aspects when it is transformed into a malignant cell. The book will be interesting and useful for clinicians, biologists, researchers, teachers, and graduate students of both doctoral and master's degrees in the field of immunology.
Download or read book Immunoglobulin Genes and B Cell Differentiation written by Jack Richard Battisto and published by North-Holland. This book was released on 1980 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding Nonlinear Dynamics written by Daniel Kaplan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematics is playing an ever more important role in the physical and biological sciences, provoking a blurring of boundaries between scientific disciplines and a resurgence of interest in the modern as well as the classical techniques of applied mathematics. This renewal of interest, both in research and teaching, has led to the establishment of the series: Texts in Applied Mathematics ( TAM). The development of new courses is a natural consequence of a high level of excitement on the research frontier as newer techniques, such as numerical and symbolic computer systems, dynamical systems, and chaos, mix with and reinforce the traditional methods of applied mathematics. Thus, the purpose of this textbook series is to meet the current and future needs of these advances and encourage the teaching of new courses. TAM will publish textbooks suitable for use in advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate courses, and will complement the Applied Mathematical Sciences (AMS) series, which will focus on advanced textbooks and research level monographs. About the Authors Daniel Kaplan specializes in the analysis of data using techniques motivated by nonlinear dynamics. His primary interest is in the interpretation of irregular physiological rhythms, but the methods he has developed have been used in geo physics, economics, marine ecology, and other fields. He joined McGill in 1991, after receiving his Ph.D from Harvard University and working at MIT. His un dergraduate studies were completed at Swarthmore College. He has worked with several instrumentation companies to develop novel types of medical monitors.
