Download or read book Regulation of GLUT4 Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle written by Sean L. McGee and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing the number of glucose transporters in muscle ameliorates many of the symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes. This thesis identifies mechanisms regulating glucose transporter gene expression, and therefore glucose transporter number, in human skeletal muscle and provides potential targets for the treatment and management of type 2 diabetes.
Download or read book Regulation of Glucose Transporter Isoform 4 GLUT4 Expression and Function in Primary and Cultured Skeletal Muscle written by Zidong Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Skeletal muscle is the largest tissue in the human body and the predominant site for insulin stimulated glucose clearance. This process requires the tissue specific expression and movement of glucose transporter isoform 4 (Glut4) from an intracellular vesicular pool to the cell surface. The perturbation of this process at various levels disrupts cellular glucose utilization and causes pathophysiological defects such as type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, understanding factors that regulate Glut4 expression and the efficiency of Glut4 translocation in muscle is important. Denervation of rat hindlimb skeletal muscle is a model for insulin resistance, one that is similar to what is seen in humans as a result of spinal cord injury. Glut4 expression in denervated rat muscle is decreased by 80%. Using microarray mRNA profiling, the orphan nuclear receptor, Nur77, was identified as a possible regulator of Glut4 and other genes linked to glucose utilization. This role of Nur77 was confirmed by in vivo knock-down by electroporating Nur77-directed shRNA into skeletal muscle. This resulted in the down regulation of Glut4 and genes involved in glycolysis. Conversely, the ectopic expression of Nur77 in denervated rat muscle "rescued" the expression of Glut4 and the same set of glycolytic genes. These results demonstrate that Nur77 is a mediator of neuromuscular signaling in the control of metabolic genes required for muscle glucose utilization. Following its tissue expression in muscle, Glut4 function requires that it undergoes translocation to the cell surface, a process acutely regulated by exercise (contraction) as well as by insulin. For Glut4 translocation, an in vitro model to study muscle metabolism was generated by ectopic expression of human Glut4 in a skeletal muscle cell line, which allows broader and more facile experimental manipulations than muscle in situ. The signaling pathway for exercise in these cells was mimicked by AMP-dependent kinase (AMPK) activation and studied in comparison and in combination with the insulin signaling pathway. A synergistic effect on Glut4 translocation by activation of AMPK plus insulin stimulation was observed in 3 independent experimental approaches, and was attributed to the extended activation of the insulin signaling pathway by AMPK.
Download or read book The Regulation of GLUT4 Glucose Transporter Expression in Skeletal Muscle written by P. Darrell Neufer and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insulin Action written by Ashok K. Srivastava and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-05-31 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1996 the 75th anniversary of the discovery of insulin was celebrated at the University of Toronto, the scene of that discovery in 1921. This volume was stimulated by the scientific program which was staged at that time and brought together much of the world's best talent to discuss and analyze the most recent developments in our understanding of pancreatic function, insulin secretion, the interaction of insulin with its target tissues, the mechanism of insulin action at the cellular level, and the defects which underlie both Type I (insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM) and Type II (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) forms of the disease. We have chosen to focus the present volume on work related to insulin action.
Download or read book Hormones Metabolism and the Benefits of Exercise written by Bruce Spiegelman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-07 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is faced with an epidemic of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. This is due to changes in dietary habits and the decrease in physical activity. Exercise is usually part of the prescription, the first line of defense, to prevent or treat metabolic disorders. However, we are still learning how and why exercise provides metabolic benefits in human health. This open access volume focuses on the cellular and molecular pathways that link exercise, muscle biology, hormones and metabolism. This will include novel “myokines” that might act as new therapeutic agents in the future.
Download or read book Regulated Expression of the Glut4 Glucose Transporter in Skeletal Muscle written by Jeanne Marie Richardson-Wallace and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Muscle Metabolism written by Juleen R Zierath and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-02-28 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes research on models comprising intact animal tissues, cell cultures and isolated pancreatic islets is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of the disease as well as the mechanisms responsible for the chronic complications associated with it. Enormous advances in the understanding of the development of diabetes and its prevention hav
Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Metabolism in Exercise and Diabetes written by Erik A. Richter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre was founded in 1994 with the support of a grant from the Danish National Research Foundation. Among the goals for the Centre is the organization of research symposia, with the aim of bringing a limited number ofintemation ally renowned scientists together to discuss the latest developments and perspectives in their field. The first Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre Conference was held in 1995 and dealt with cardiovascular regulation. The Second Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre Confer ence was held from October 23-26, 1997. The topic of the Symposium was Muscle Metabo lism: Regulation, Exercise, and Diabetes. Seventy invited scientists from all over the world discussed their latest research related to skeletal muscle metabolism. The speakers were asked to expand on their presentations and to write short, but comprehensive, chapters about their given topics. The result is 28 peer-reviewed and edited chapters covering many if not all aspects of muscle energy metabolism related to exercise and diabetes. Emphasis is on regulation of glucose and fatty acid metabolism and the mechanisms regulating their use as fuels for the muscle during exercise. In addition, abnormalities in the regulation of glucose metabolism in the diabetic state are described. However, amino acid and protein metabolism are also thoroughly discussed. We believe that this volume brings an unparralleled, up to date, and comprehensive review of the frontiers in muscle metabolism. Erik A.
Download or read book Facilitative Glucose Transporters written by Gwyn W. Gould and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-03-15 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive text covering the major aspects of the cell and molecular biology of the facilitative glucose transporter family. The text reviews the biology and function of each family member, covers structure-function studies, the regulation of glucose transport by insulin and the consequence of diabetes and insulin resistance, discusses aspects of cellular signalling which control glucose transport, reviews the control of expression and function of GLUT2 in liver and pancreatic beta-cells, and reviews the effects of nutrients on the control of sugar transporter expression.
Download or read book The Human Placenta written by C. Redman and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1993-01-18 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The placenta is fascinating and complex. Basically foreign to the maternal body, it can be thought of as an organ transplanted onto the mother's host tissue. As such it embodies all the principles of tissue acceptance and rejection. Many of the risks of pregnancy and labor have now been eliminated and the placenta is likely to be at the root of many of the dangers to the unborn child that remain. A breakdown of the relationship between the placenta and the maternal tissue may turn out to be the cause of the majority of early lost pregnancies.
Download or read book In Vitro Studies of Human Skeletal Muscle written by Juleen R. Zierath and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Nutrition Carbohydrates written by Vinood B. Patel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Nutrition: Carbohydrates presents the nutritional and molecular aspects of carbohydrates. As part of the Molecular Nutrition includes sections covering carbohydrate metabolism, carbohydrates in the diet, insulin resistance, dietary sugars, cardiometabolic risk, lipoproteins, low-carbohydrate diets, antioxidants, refined dietary sugars, fats, glucose transporters, glucose sensing, the role of phosphorylation, carbohydrate responsive binding protein, cyclic AMP, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, SIRT1, insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and GIP receptor (GIPR) genes rRNA and transcription, and more. In addition, the book addresses emerging fields of molecular biology and presents important discoveries relating to diet and nutritional health. Summarizes molecular nutrition in health as related to carbohydrates Addresses emerging fields of molecular biology and presents important discoveries relating to diet and nutritional health Includes key facts, a mini dictionary of terms and summary points
Download or read book Channels Carriers and Pumps written by Wilfred D. Stein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-12-09 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the principles of membrane transport: How molecules and ions move across the cell membrane by simple diffusion and by making use of specialized membrane components (channels, carriers, and pumps). The text emphasizes the quantitative aspects of such movement and its interpretation in terms of transport kinetics. Molecular studies of channels, carriers, and pumps are described in detail as well as structural principles and the fundamental similarities between the various transporters and their evolutionary interrelationships. The regulation of transporters and their role in health and disease are also considered. Provides an introduction to the properties of transport proteins: channels, carriers, and pumps Presents up-to-date information on the structure of transport proteins and on their function and regulation Includes introductions to transport kinetics and to the cloning of genes that code transport proteins Furnishes a link between the experimental basis of the subject and theoretical model building
Download or read book International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus written by R. A. DeFronzo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-11 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus has been a successful, well-respected medical textbook for almost 20 years, over 3 editions. Encyclopaedic and international in scope, the textbook covers all aspects of diabetes ensuring a truly multidisciplinary and global approach. Sections covered include epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, management and complications of diabetes and public health issues worldwide. It incorporates a vast amount of new data regarding the scientific understanding and clinical management of this disease, with each new edition always reflecting the substantial advances in the field. Whereas other diabetes textbooks are primarily clinical with less focus on the basic science behind diabetes, ITDM's primary philosophy has always been to comprehensively cover the basic science of metabolism, linking this closely to the pathophysiology and clinical aspects of the disease. Edited by four world-famous diabetes specialists, the book is divided into 13 sections, each section edited by a section editor of major international prominence. As well as covering all aspects of diabetes, from epidemiology and pathophysiology to the management of the condition and the complications that arise, this fourth edition also includes two new sections on NAFLD, NASH and non-traditional associations with diabetes, and clinical trial evidence in diabetes. This fourth edition of an internationally recognised textbook will once again provide all those involved in diabetes research and development, as well as diabetes specialists with the most comprehensive scientific reference book on diabetes available.
Download or read book Insulin Signaling written by George Grunberger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from the leading researchers in the field, this volume brings together the latest studies on insulin action and signal transduction to provide a state-of-the-art reference for graduate researchers and students in diabetes and endocrinology. Insulin Signaling is a comprehensive study of the regulation of molecular events by insulin at a cellular level, utilizing experimental techniques ranging from molecular systems through phenotypic expression in transgenic and knockout models.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Insulin Action written by Alan R. Saltiel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
Download or read book Sports Endocrinology written by F. Lanfranco and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2016-06-28 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an up-to-date, extensive overview of the effects of physical activity and training on endocrine function. It gives insights into a complex relationship by describing effects with respect to exercise performance, growth, development, and ageing. It includes discussions of the endocrine response depending on exercise mode, intensity, and duration as well as on gender, age, and fitness level. Additionally the book deals with the impact of environmental and psychological factors on endocrine level. A substantial part of Sports Endocrinology is devoted to the 'hot topic' of hormonal doping in sports. The properties of androgens, growth hormone, erythropoietin, and dietary supplements are highlighted. The use and abuse among professional and recreational athletes is discussed and specific methods of detection are presented and explained. All contributors are well-known experts in sports medicine and endocrinology, endocrine physiology, pharmacology, and doping detection, so this book is a must-read for every professional involved in the field.
