Download or read book Regulation of Adiposity by Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid written by Xiaofang Xu and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research written by Jean-Louis Sebedio and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Conjugated Linoleic Acid Research, Volume 2 is the second book in a series devoted entirely to conjugated linoleic acid. This book has updated information on the analysis, biochemistry and applications of conjugated fatty acids in an attempt to make Volume 2, in conjunction with Volume 1 (published in 1999), the most comprehensive, up-to-date sources of CLA-related information available today. Both scientific and commercial views are presented, with the same data sometimes interpreted differently.
Download or read book Anti obesity Mechanisms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid CLA written by Wan Shen and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Overweight and obesity are the most widespread nutritional diseases in the U.S., which greatly increase chronic disease risks and mortality. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a relatively efficacious and safe strategy for the weight management. Consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplements or one of its isomers, trans-10, cis-12 (10,12) CLA, has consistently demonstrated reductions in body weight or body fat in human and animal studies. Our lab has demonstrated that 10,12 CLA triggered calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum in human primary adipocytes, which activated downstream inflammatory signaling, resulting in impaired uptake of glucose and fatty acid, and delipidation. However, the upstream signals responsible for these actions are unknown. Therefore, my Aim 1 investigated the upstream mechanism by which 10,12 CLA increases intracellular calcium and inflammatory signaling in human primary adipocytes. The results indicated that phospholipase C plays an important role in 10,12 CLA-mediated activation of intracellular calcium accumulation, inflammatory signaling, delipidation, and insulin resistance in human primary adipocytes. It has been demonstrated that 10,12 CLA increased mRNA levels and protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and pro-inflammatory prostaglandins, which have been linked to increased energy expenditure associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and uncoupling of ATP synthesis. It also has been shown that relatively high doses of 10,12 CLA lead to more significant reductions in body fat, but cause a greater level of inflammation, insulin resistance, and steatosis in animals. Therefore, Aims 2 and Aim 3 determined the extent to which a relative low dose of 10,12 CLA or a CLA isomer mixture increases markers of browning in mice and its dependence in inflammatory signaling. In Aim 2, a low threshold dose of 10,12 CLA was found that prevented body fat accumulation with minimum metabolic side-effects in non-obese mice. It was also found that 10,12 CLA-induced browning in WAT was accompanied by increases in mRNA levels of COX-2 and other markers of inflammation. In Aim 3, a relatively low dose of 10,12 CLA reduced body fat and increased browning of WAT in overweight mice, which were independent of inflammatory signaling. Collectively, these findings provide critical insights for the development of reliable dietary strategies for people who take CLA as method to lose weight. However, we still do not know (i) if 10,12 CLA supplementation would effectively reduce body fat in overweight mice when they are continuously fed an American-type, high-fat diet; (ii) potential risks of impaired regulation of body temperature, inflammation, and steatosis due to 10,12 CLA consumption in high fat-fed mice; and (iii) potential mechanisms by which 10,12 CLA reduces body fat in high fat-fed mice."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Download or read book Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrition in the Prevention and Treatment of Abdominal Obesity focuses on the important roles that exercise, dietary changes, and foods play in promoting as well as reducing visceral fat. Nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers seeking to address the abdominal obesity epidemic will use this comprehensive resource as a tool in their long-term goal of preventing chronic diseases, especially heart, vascular, and diabetic diseases. Experts from a broad range of disciplines are involved in dealing with the consequences of excessive abdominal fat: cardiology, diabetes research, studies of lipids, endocrinology and metabolism, nutrition, obesity, and exercise physiology. They have contributed chapters that define a range of dietary approaches to reducing risk and associated chronic diseases. They begin by defining visceral obesity and its major outcomes; they also discuss the importance and the challenges of dietary approaches to reduce abdominal obesity, as compared to clinical approaches, with major costs and risks. Offers detailed, well-documented reviews outlining the various dietary approaches to visceral obesity with their benefits and failures Includes chapters on types of foods, exercise, and supplements in reducing obesity and its chronic clinical companions, especially diabetes and cardiovascular disease Helps nutritionists, dieticians, and healthcare providers approach patients in making decision about nutritional therapies and clinical treatments for abdominal obesity, from an evidence-based perspective
Download or read book Mechanisms of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Insulin Resistance Hepatic Steatosis and Adiposity written by Angela Ann Wendel and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The significant depletion of adipose in mice by CLA may contribute to the lipodystrophic-like effects that accompany. The final objective of this research was to determine mechanisms by which CLA reduces adipose mass. Six-week old, male ob/ob mice were fed either a control diet (CON) or a diet supplemented with 1.5% mixed isomer CLA (CLA) for 4 weeks. A third group of mice (LEPTIN) were fed the control diet and received daily, intraperitoneal injections of 1 mg/kg BW recombinant leptin as a positive control for adipose depletion in ob/ob mice. The depletion of adipose tissue by CLA was accompanied by the acquirement of brown adipose-like characteristics, such as increased CPT-1b, PGC-1alpha, and UCP-1, in the white adipose of CLA-fed mice. This alteration may facilitate the reduction of adipose mass by increasing mitochondrial oxidation and energy dissipation. However, it appears that CLA does not increase UCP-1 through beta3AR signaling.
Download or read book Modulation of Adipose Tissue in Mice by Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid written by Kimberly M. Hargrave and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anti adipogenic Mechanism of Conjugated Linoleic Acid written by Kihwa Kang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adipose Tissue Biology written by Michael E. Symonds and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-20 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to provide a comprehensive insight into current perspectives and challenges in adipose tissue biology. In Adipose Tissue Biology, scientists and clinicians discuss adipocyte precursors, differentiation and growth, brown and white adipose tissue, gender, inflammation, dietary and genetic determinants of fat mass, together with evolutionary and developmental aspects of adiposity.
Download or read book Nutritional Pathophysiology of Obesity and its Comorbidities written by Susan Ettinger and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-01 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutritional Pathophysiology of Obesity and Its Comorbidities: A Case-Study Approach challenges students and practitioners to understand the role of nutrients within the pathophysiology and development of disease, specifically those diseases which develop as a result of obesity. Through a case-based approach, the author presents complex clinical scenarios that require multiple treatment strategies, including targeted diet modification as an adjuvant to medical therapy. The book is divided into 9 modules and 5 appendices each of which covers aspects of obesity and its comorbidities. Within each module, a case is detailed with relevant history, laboratory and physical data, and follow-up information. Each case is followed by a resource section which delineates current understanding of the pathophysiology of the condition, as well as the actions of nutrients and food components shown to modify these processes. A "further readings" section cites current supporting clinical and basic literature as well as published guidelines. Explores how obesity is a key player in the pathophysiology of many diseases, including diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis Integrates current understandings of the molecular mechanisms of nutrient action on the processes of disease development and treatment Presents students and early practitioners with complex clinical scenarios through a practical case-based approach
Download or read book Role of Trans 10 Cis 12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid CLA and Other CLA Isomers in the Regulation of Milk Fat Synthesis and Lipid Metabolism written by James W. Perfield and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on the Regulation of Feed Intake and Body Fat in the Short Term written by Valerie J. Shelton and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrient Metabolism written by Martin Kohlmeier and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 899 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient Metabolism, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of the supply and use of nutrients in the human body and how the body regulates intake. Chapters detail the principles determining digestion and absorption of food ingredients and how these compounds and their metabolites get into the brain, cross the placenta and pass through the kidneys. Each nutrient’s coverage contains a nutritional summary that describes its function, its food sources, dietary requirements, potential health risks if deficient, and impact of excessive intake. This handbook contains the latest information on the scope of structures, processes, genes and cofactors involved in maintaining a healthy balance of nutrient supplies. Of interest to a wide range of professionals because nutrient issues connect to so many audiences, the book contains a useful link to dietary supplements. Latest research findings on health and clinical effects of nutrients and of interventions affecting nutrient supply or metabolism Each nutrient covered contains a nutritional summary describing its function, food sources, dietary requirements, potential health risks if deficient, and impact of excessive intake. Nutrient information immediately accessible--from source to effect--in one volume
Download or read book Food diet and obesity written by David J. Mela and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-11-01 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arguably the most serious issue facing the food industry is what is now widely recognized as an epidemic in obesity. Food manufacturers are under increasing pressure over both the degree to which they have contributed to the problem and what role they should play in solving it. Drawing on the expertise of some of the world’s leading experts in this area, Food, Diet and Obesity summarizes current research on the causes of obesity, the role of food components in promoting or reducing weight gain, and the strategies manufacturers can adopt to reduce the problem. After an introductory chapter on global trends in obesity, Part 1 looks at the range of contributing factors to obesity, from nutrient-gene interactions, energy metabolism and physical activity to sensory responses to food, portion size and the psychology of overeating. Part 2 looks at macronutrients and their role in weight gain or loss, with chapters on topics such as energy density, dietary fat, carbohydrates, protein and dietary fibre. The final part of the book discusses issues in developing effective strategies for weight control, from gaining consumer acceptance of weight-control food products to the role of community-based approaches in preventing obesity. With its distinguished editor and international team of experts, Food, Diet and Obesity will be a standard work for nutritionists and R&D staff throughout the food industry, as well as all those concerned with understanding and reducing obesity.
Download or read book Effect of Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid CLA on the Fatty Acid Status in Chicken and Meat Quality written by Min Du and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation includes studies on the effect of dietary CLA on the growth, fat accumulation and fatty acid status of chicken, and chicken meat quality as influenced by irradiation. Results showed that dietary CLA did not have significant effects on the growth rate and feed efficiency in chicken. And high levels of dietary CLA slightly reduced the whole body fat content. High ratio of dietary CLA can incorporate into chicken meat and egg yolk. Dietary CLA reduced the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid, linolenic acid and linolenic acid, also reduced as the dietary CLA level increased. However, when the dietary level of linolenic acid in diet was high, dietary CLA stimulated the synthesis of DHA and EPA, which might directly relate to the biological effects of CLA. High level of dietary CLA influenced the quality of meat, which was slightly harder and drier compared to the control meat. Dietary CLA significantly improved the oxidative stability of chicken meat. The reason for the improved oxidative and color stability of meat patties during storage should be due to the reduced unsaturated fatty acid content in chicken muscles, which improved lipid and color stability and reduced volatile production in both irradiated and nonirradiated meat during storage. Irradiation greatly increased the volatile production and induced a metal-like off-odor in chicken rolls, and dietary CLA had synergistic effect on this metal-like off-odor. Irradiation also increased the redness of chicken rolls. Consumers had a preference for the color of irradiated chicken rolls, while their reactions to the flavor of irradiated chicken rolls were quite negative.
Download or read book Characterization of insulin sensitivity and inflammation related factors in dairy cows receiving conjugated linoleic acids CLA or a control fat supplement during lactation written by Behnam Saremi and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2013-06-03 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the onset of lactation, dairy cows have to mobilize body reserves, mainly body fat, to cover the output of energy via milk. The homeorhetic metabolic adaptation to the needs of milk production is accomplished through the orchestrated action of hormones. In contrast to the “classical hormones” that knowingly control parturition, lactation and metabolism, the role and importance of messenger molecules originating from body fat (adipokines), of their receptors and also of nuclear receptors as key regulators of gene expression was only scarcely investigated in dairy cows. In particular, data on body fat were largely limited to subcutaneous (s.c.) fat from one location easily accessible via biopsy, whereas potentially heterogeneous reactions between different s.c. depots and also in different visceral (v.c.) fat were not yet comprehensively addressed. The aim of this dissertation was to characterize the mRNA expression of several adipokines and related factors that are involved in insulin sensitivity (IS) and in inflammation during the transition from pregnancy to lactation and during the subsequent lactation. In addition, dietary supplementation with either CLA vs. a control fat (supplementation period day 1 to day 105 or 182 of lactation) was tested for potential effects on the target mRNAs. The tissue in focus was adipose tissue (AT) with its different locations. Initially, suitable reference genes were identified as a methodological prerequisite for the studies. Using tissue samples obtained from both primiparous and pluriparous cows from animal experiments within a project cooperation, the time course of the mRNA abundance of 12 different target genes and 7 reference genes was characterized in s.c. fat and in liver from pluriparous cows and in three different s.c. and in three v.c. fat depots, in liver, skeletal muscle, and in mammary gland from primiparous cows. Two acute phase proteins, i.e. haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A3 (SAA3), were newly established as adipokines in cattle; both mRNAs yielded similar time course patterns with a peripartal peak. Treatment with CLA was mostly not affecting Hp and SAA3 mRNA expression; the decrease observed for Hp and SAA3 mRNA in 2 out of 6 fat depots tested indicates local anti-inflammatory effects of CLA. No CLA effect was observed for the Hp serum concentrations and for hepatic Hp mRNA. Indeed, we confirmed liver as the main site of Hp production. For the prioritization of nutrient uptake towards the mammary gland, IS in other peripheral organs is knowingly reduced. The mRNA expression of the target genes related with IS, i.e. adiponectin (ADIPOQ), leptin (LEP), their receptors (LEPR, LEPRB, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2), of two nuclear receptor isoforms (PPARγ, PPARγ2) and of two pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6) in s.c.AT and in liver from pluriparous cows was mostly decreased from day 21 prepartum to day 21 postpartum in s.c.AT except TNF-α; in liver increases were observed for LEPRB and ADIPOR2, and decreasing abundance for all other hepatic target mRNAs except TNF-α and ADIPOR1 which remained constant in this time. In later lactation, prepartum values were reached again and were largely maintained until wk 36. The groups treated with CLA or control fat differed detachedly in mRNA abundance of PPARγ, LEPRB and TNF-α in liver and of PPARγ2 in s.c.AT; cows of the CLA group had also higher insulin concentrations and reduced systemic IS persisting after the end of CLA supplementation. In primiparous cows, changes with the duration of lactation were observed for most of the target mRNAs (except LEP) but not in all tissues investigated; time course and direction of change were partly divergent between the different tissues. CLA treatment for 105 days decreased the mRNA abundance of ADIPOQ, ADIPOR2, PPARγ2 and TNF-α in v.c.AT and in the mammary gland. The results of these studies provide a longitudinal characterization of the expression of genes that are particularly related to AT as a heterogeneous functional regulator in lactating dairy cows. The known effect of CLA inhibiting milk fat synthesis might at least be partly explained by the down-regulation of PPARγ2 in the mammary gland observed herein. The importance of the CLA induced effects on IS for animal health can presently not be finally assessed due to lack of validated reference values for IS in high yielding dairy cows.
Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Trans 10 Cis 12 Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Food Intake and Body Weight Regulation Via Central and Peripheral Mechanisms written by Hon-Hon So and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
