Download or read book Recovery of Base and Precious Metals from Waste Printed Circuit Boards written by Joelson Alves and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) encompass about 3% of nearly 50 Mt of electronic waste (e-waste) annual generation representing one of the fastest-growing categories of global waste. WPCBs consists of glass-reinforced epoxy resins and a number of metallic components, including base and precious metals (PM) with a concentration higher than those of primary resources, making them economically attractive for recycling. The most significant and critical issue for the processing of e-wastes and WPCBs is to deal successfully with the halogenated flame retardants (HFR) content and heavy metals (such as Pb, Hg, and Cd), which make e-waste a hazardous waste with significant environmental concerns. The main objective of this study was to develop, design, and demonstrate a mechanical/physical separation flowsheet for efficient, low-cost, and environmentally sustainable recovery of base and precious metals from WPCBS. WPCBs, which were dismantled, shredded to 6 cm top size, and processed using a thermolyzer process by CHZ Technology Inc. were used in this study. The thermolyzer process produced clean syngas and plastic-free solid char, while producing no environmental hazards. The solid char mainly contained metals, carbon, and fiber glass. The solid char was first fully characterized for the liberation and potential recovery of base and precious metals. The elemental content of the char-metal mixture results showed that the base metals in the sample were mainly Cu (19.5%) and Al (4.3%). Regarding the precious metals, the sample contained approximately 32 ppm of Au, 10 ppm of Ag, and 3 ppm of Pd. The analysis of size and density fractions showed that most (i.e., 60-80%) of the base metals, reported to the coarse fractions (+1.19mm). The concentration of Cu in the coarse fractions varied from approximately 20-30% and was found to be less than 20% in the finer fractions. Aluminum had higher concentrations, ranging from 4 to 6% in the fractions coarser than 0.149 mm, and its concentration decreased to less than 1% in the fraction finer than -0.149 mm. The majority (i.e., 69%) of the Au was present in the fine fractions (-1.19 mm), out of which approximately 34% by weight with Au concentration of about 50 ppm was reported in the finest size fraction (i.e., -0.149 mm). Ag and Pd were relatively equally distributed in all other fractions ranging from 5-12 ppm and 1-4 ppm, respectively. The sized density fractionation showed that the metals in the fraction coarser than 0.5 mm were interlocked, while the size fractions of 0.5 mm x 0.149 mm, and finer than 0.149 mm were relatively and well liberated. Therefore, only the former fraction was required to be comminuted to increase liberation, and the latter fractions were screened and directly subjected to appropriate physical separation. As a result, the feed to the comminution circuitry was reduced by 12%. Integrated with the removal of plastic components by the thermolyzer process, the reduction of the feed load to the comminution circuitry was 52%. The content of non-metals., base metals, and precious metals in their corresponding sized density fractionations revealed that base and precious metals can be potentially concentrated by gravity separation. Upon characterization, the differences in the malleability of metals present in WPCBs was utilized for the selective liberation of metals in PCBs in various size fractions. The WPCBs were mechanically processed through comminution by rod mill followed by screening to liberate metals in various size fractions. The milling retention time was optimized to maximize the degree of liberation and minimize overgrinding, reducing energy consumption and preventing excessive generation of fine particles. The optimum milling time was found to be 15 min, equivalent to 2 kg/h feed rate in the laboratory rod mill, for metal liberation, at which more than 80% degree of liberation of metal was obtained without overgrinding the materials. Upon optimization, materials coarser than 0.5 mm were comminuted using rod mills for metal liberation, followed by screening into coarse, medium, and fine (+0.5 mm, 0.5 mm x 0.149 mm, and -0.149 mm, correspondingly) fractions for downstream physical separation. To investigate the potential of physical separation techniques to concentrate Cu, Al, Au, Ag, and Pd, gravity and magnetic separations were studied. A wet jigging, shaking table, and multi-gravity separator (MGS) were utilized for the coarse, medium, and fine size fractions. The Cu and Al recovery using the jig was found to be 92% and 80% with a grade of 72% and 14%, respectively. The shaking table concentrated Cu with 69% and 87% grade and 60% and 87% recovery, Au with 416 ppm and 36 ppm grade and 86% and 91% recovery, Ag with 272 ppm and 107 ppm grade and 38% and 90% recovery, Pd with 6.8 ppm and 7 ppm grade and 19% and 82% recovery for both non-ground and ground samples, respectively. Al with grade more than 11% and recovery more than 70% was obtained in the shaking table middling and tailing. MGS recovered 98% and 99% of Cu with 9.6% and 16% grade, 99% and 97% of Al with 8% and 8% grade, 68% and 67% of Au with 143 ppm and 87 ppm grade, 90% of Ag with 26 ppm grade, and 94% and 89% of Pd with 7 ppm and 6 ppm grade for both non-ground and ground samples, respectively. Based on obtained results, a process flowsheet was proposed. The flowsheet can produce a concentrate of significantly high grade and recovery of target elements using the combination of low-cost and environmentally friendly physical separation processes. The results showed that Cu, Al, Au, Ag, and Pd with 45%, 10%, 134 ppm, 89 ppm, and 6 ppm grade and 93%, 61%, 70%, 72%, and 80% recovery, respectively, were successfully produced. The recovery and grade values can be further improved through the addition of cleaner and scavenger units as well as recirculating loads. The flowsheet provides a successful pathway for recycling WPCBs.

Download or read book Metal Recovery from Electronic Waste Biological Versus Chemical Leaching for Recovery of Copper and Gold written by Arda Işildar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) generation is a global problem. Despite the growing awareness and deterring legislation, most of the WEEE is disposed improperly, i.e. landfilled or otherwise shipped overseas, and treated in sub-standard conditions. Informal recycling of WEEE has catastrophic effects on humans and the environment. WEEE contains considerable quantities of valuable metals such as base metals, precious metals and rare earth elements (REE). Metal recovery from WEEE is conventionally carried out by pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods. In this PhD research, novel metal recovery technologies from WEEE are investigated. Using acidophilic and cyanide-generating bacteria, copper and gold were removed from crushed electronic waste with removal efficiencies of 98.4 and 44.0%, respectively. The leached metals in solution were recovered using sulfidic precipitation and electrowinning separation techniques. Finally, a techno-economic assessment of the technology was studied. This research addresses the knowledge gap on two metal extraction approaches, namely chemical and biological, from a secondary source of metals. The essential parameters of the selective metal recovery processes, scale-up potential, techno-economic and sustainability assessment have been studied.

Download or read book Electronic Waste and Printed Circuit Board Recycling Technologies written by Muammer Kaya and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-17 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers state-of-the-art technologies, principles, methods and industrial applications of electronic waste (e-waste) and waste PCB (WPCB) recycling. It focuses on cutting-edge mechanical separation processes and pyro- and hydro-metallurgical treatment methods. De-soldering, selective dismantling, and dry separation methods (including the use of gravity, magnetic and electrostatic techniques) are discussed in detail, noting the patents related to each. The volume discusses the available industrial equipment and plant flowsheets used for WPCB recycling in detail, while addressing potential future directions of the field. This practical, comprehensive, and multidisciplinary reference will appeal to professionals throughout global industrial, academic and government institutions interested in addressing the growing problem of e-waste. Covers principles, methods and industrial applications of e-waste and PCB recycling; Details state-of-the-art mechanical separation processes and pyro- and hydro-metallurgical treatment methods; Describes the available industrial equipment used and plant flowsheets for PCB recycling and addresses potential future developments of this important field.

Download or read book Electronic Waste written by Maria E. Holuszko and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-21 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the latest technologies in the pursuit of zero-waste solutions in the electronics industry In Electronic Waste: Recycling and Reprocessing for a Sustainable Future, a team of expert sustainability researchers delivers a collection of resources that thoroughly examine methods for extracting value from electronic waste while aiming for a zero-waste scenario in industrial production. The book discusses the manufacturing and use of materials in electronic devices while presenting an overview of separation methods for industrial materials. Readers will also benefit from a global overview of various national and international regulations related to the topic of electronic and electrical waste. A must-read resource for scientists and engineers working in the production and development of electronic devices, the authors provide comprehensive overviews of the benefits of achieving a zero-waste solution in electronic and electrical waste, as well as the risks posed by incorrectly disposed of electronic waste. Readers will enjoy: An introduction to electronic waste, including the opportunities presented by zero-waste technologies and solutions Explorations of e-waste management and practices in developed and developing countries and e-waste transboundary movement regulations in a variety of jurisdictions Practical discussions of approaches for estimating e-waste generation and the materials used in electronic equipment and manufacturing perspectives In-depth treatments of various recycling technologies, including physical separation, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and biohydrometallurgy Perfect for materials scientists, electronic engineers, and metal processing professionals, Electronic Waste: Recycling and Reprocessing for a Sustainable Future will also earn a place in the libraries of industrial chemists and professionals working in organizations that use large amounts of chemicals or produce electronic waste.

Download or read book Factories of the Future written by Tullio Tolio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license.This book presents results relevant in the manufacturing research field, that are mainly aimed at closing the gap between the academic investigation and the industrial application, in collaboration with manufacturing companies. Several hardware and software prototypes represent the key outcome of the scientific contributions that can be grouped into five main areas, representing different perspectives of the factory domain:1) Evolutionary and reconfigurable factories to cope with dynamic production contexts characterized by evolving demand and technologies, products and processes.2) Factories for sustainable production, asking for energy efficiency, low environmental impact products and processes, new de-production logics, sustainable logistics.3) Factories for the People who need new kinds of interactions between production processes, machines, and human beings to offer a more comfortable and stimulating working environment.4) Factories for customized products that will be more and more tailored to the final user’s needs and sold at cost-effective prices.5) High performance factories to yield the due production while minimizing the inefficiencies caused by failures, management problems, maintenance.This books is primarily targeted to academic researchers and industrial practitioners in the manufacturing domain.

Download or read book Hydrometallurgy 94 written by Institution of Mining & Metallurgy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrometallurgy '94 contains the 78 papers that were presented at the international symposium organized by the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy and the Society of Chemical Industry and held in Cambridge, England, in July 1994. In the papers specific attention is paid to the concept of sustainable development and the associated ideas of cleaner technology, recycling and waste minimization that have particular relevance to the extractiona nd processing of metals and other mineral products. The papers, by authors from 30 contries, are grouped under the headings: Hydrometallurgy and Sustainable Development; Materials Production and the Environment; Fundamentals; Leaching; Bioprocessing; Gold Solution Purification; Effluent Treatment; Processes; and Recycling.

Download or read book Energy Technology 2017 written by Lei Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-08 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection focuses on energy efficient technologies including innovative ore beneficiation, smelting technologies, recycling and waste heat recovery. The volume also covers various technological aspects of sustainable energy ecosystems, processes that improve energy efficiency, reduce thermal emissions, and reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse emissions. Papers addressing renewable energy resources for metals and materials production, waste heat recovery and other industrial energy efficient technologies, new concepts or devices for energy generation and conversion, energy efficiency improvement in process engineering, sustainability and life cycle assessment of energy systems, as well as the thermodynamics and modeling for sustainable metallurgical processes are included. This volume also offers topics on CO2 sequestration and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from process engineering, sustainable technologies in extractive metallurgy, as well as the materials processing and manufacturing industries with reduced energy consumption and CO2 emission. Contributions from all areas of non-nuclear and non-traditional energy sources, such as solar, wind, and biomass are also included in this volume.Papers from the following symposia are presented in the book:Energy TechnologiesAdvances in Environmental Technologies: Recycling and Sustainability Joint SessionDeriving Value from Challenging Waste Materials: Recycling and Sustainability Joint SessionSolar Cell Silicon

Download or read book WEEE Recycling written by Alexandre Chagnes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-07-26 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WEEE Recycling: Research, Development, and Policies covers policies, research, development, and challenges in recycling of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The book introduces WEEE management and then covers the environmental, economic, and societal applications of e-waste recycling, focusing on the technical challenges to designing efficient and sustainable recycling processes—including physical separation, pyrometallurgical, and hydrometallurgical processes. The development of processes for recovering strategic and critical metals from urban mining is a priority for many countries, especially those having few available ores mining. Describes the two metallurgical processes—hydro- and pyro-metallurgy—and their application in recycling of metals Provides a life cycle analysis in the WEEE recycling of metals Outlines how to determine economic parameters in the recycling of waste metals Discusses the socio economic and environmental implication of metal recycling

Download or read book Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling written by Francesco Vegliò and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-05-18 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling: Aqueous Recovery Methods provides data regarding the implementation of aqueous methods of processing of WEEEs at the industrial level. Chapters explore points-of-view of worldwide researchers and research project managers with respect to new research developments and how to improve processing technologies. The text is divided into two parts, with the first section addressing the new research regarding the hydrometallurgical procedures adopted from minerals processing technologies. Other sections cover green chemistry, bio-metallurgy applications for WEEE treatment and the current developed aqueous methods at industrial scale. A conclusion summarizes existing research with suggestions for future actions. Provides a one-stop reference for hydrometallurgical processes of metal recovery from WEEE Includes methods presented through intended applications, including waste printed circuit boards, LCD panels, lighting and more Contains suggestions and recommendations for future actions and research prospects

Download or read book The Recovery Of Gold From Secondary Sources written by Syed Sabir and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New discoveries of the properties of gold at a nanoscale, and its effective use in modern technologies, have been driving a virtual 'gold rush'. Depleting natural resources has meant that the recovery of gold continues to grow in importance and relevance.The Recovery of Gold from Secondary Sources analyses the most advanced technology in gold recovery and recycling from spent sources of mobile phones, unwanted electronic equipment and waste materials. State-of-the-art techniques of hydrometallurgical and bio-metallurgical processing, leaching, cementing, adsorbing and separation through bio-sorbents are all described in detail, providing a guide for students and researchers. Discussion of environmentally friendly methods of recovery are presented, in order to provide modern-day alternatives to previous techniques. For those interested in the study of gold recovery this book gives a comprehensive overview of current recovery, making it the ultimate source of information for students, researchers, chemists, metallurgists, environmental scientists and electronic waste recovery experts.

Download or read book Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics written by Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1995-12-31 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has been prepared as a reference on manufacturing techniques and applications of fiberglass reinforced plastics. It provides discussion of properties, concepts and is written for the potential user to summarize advantages in usage. The book contains nine chapters of discussion of relationships between polymers, reinforcements and uses, as well as a useful glossary of plastics and engineering terms. There is a wide interest in fiberglass reinforced plastics due to useful properties which meet a great many product and use requirements, as well as the relative ease with which such products can be fabricated. Fiberglass reinforced plastics find applications in transportation, marine, construction, electronics, recreation, aircraft, aerospace and numerous manufacturing industries. These plastics have virtually displaced wood in the marine industry, and applications replacing metals in other areas continue to grow. The user of this book will find practical and useful information for design, engineering, plant and maintenance. Presented is the technology and applications to serve the varied interests of readers in diverse industries.

Download or read book Sustainable Urban Mining of Precious Metals written by Sadia Ilyas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid revolution in modern industry has led to a significant increase in waste at the end of the product lifecycle. It is essential to close the loop, secure resources, and join up the circular economy. This book provides a detailed review of extraction techniques for urban mining of precious metals including gold, silver, and the platinum group. The merits and demerits of various extraction methods are highlighted, with possible suggestions for improvements. The feasibility of hybrid extraction techniques, as well as the sustainability and environmental impact of every process, is explored. Offers a comprehensive review of different techniques used in recycling technology for urban mining of precious metals Describes the concept of urban mining and its correlation with circular economy Discusses feasibility of precious metal extraction and urban mines scope and their potential Explains the subject in-context of sustainability while describing chemistry fundamentals and industrial practices Provides technical flow sheets for urban mining of precious metals with diversity of lixiviant This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in extractive metallurgy, hydrometallurgy, chemical engineering, chemistry, and environmental engineering.

Download or read book E Waste in Transition written by Florin-Constantin Mihai and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2016-06-29 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: E-waste management is a serious challenge across developed, transition, and developing countries because of the consumer society and the globalization process. E-waste is a fast-growing waste stream which needs more attention of international organizations, governments, and local authorities in order to improve the current waste management practices. The book reveals the pollution side of this waste stream with critical implications on the environment and public health, and also it points out the resource side which must be further developed under the circular economy framework with respect to safety regulations. In this context, complicated patterns at the global scale emerge under legal and illegal e-waste trades. The linkages between developed and developing countries and key issues of e-waste management sector are further examined in the book.

Download or read book Selective Recovery of Base and Precious Metals from Printed Circuit Board Physical Processing Dust written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Principles of Extractive Metallurgy written by Fathi Habashi and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Urban Mining and Sustainable Waste Management written by Sadhan Kumar Ghosh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-17 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers selected high-quality research papers presented at the IconSWM 2018 conference, which explore various aspects of urban mining. In addition, they discuss how to achieve sustainable waste management systems, urban mining, landfill mining, material recovery, circular economy, etc., with the aid of effective waste management practices. Additional topics covered include maximum resource circulation and efficiency, key differences between landfill mining and urban mining, and how urban mining can be combined with the concepts of circular economy and sustainability.

Download or read book Metal Recycling written by and published by UN. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal recycling is a complex business that is becoming increasingly difficult! Recycling started long ago, when people realized that it was more resource- and cost-efficient than just throwing away the resources and starting all over again. In this report, we discuss how to increase metal-recycling rates - and thus resource efficiency - from both quantity and quality viewpoints. The discussion is based on data about recycling input, and the technological infrastructure and worldwide economic realities of recycling. Decision-makers set increasingly ambitious targets for recycling, but far too much valuable metal today is lost because of the imperfect collection of end-of-life (EoL) products, improper practices, or structural deficiencies within the recycling chain, which hinder achieving our goals of high resource efficiency and resource security, and of better recycling rates.