Download or read book Rear Seat Safety for Children in Frontal Impacts written by Jared Colin Seidel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric fatality rates from motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) have declined over the last 30 years (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2012). This decrease can be a result of updated traffic safety laws and improved car seat design. These advancements present the opportunity to shift focus towards understanding and improving safety for non-fatal injuries. One study found crashes resulting in clinically significant injury (AIS 2+) to children, the lower extremity (LE) was the most frequently injured body region, resulting in 28% of injuries (Arbogast et al., 2002). Jermakian et al. (2007) found in a review of crash data involving a rear-seated child in a front facing child restraint system (FFCRS) whom experienced lower extremity fracture, 76% of injuries occurred below knee (20/26), where 75% (15/20) of the below knees injuries were a consequence of interaction with the front seat back, regardless of the direction of impact. Research completed by the Injury Biomechanics Research Center at The Ohio State University has worked to develop an instrumented LE for the Hybrid III six-year-old anthropomorphic test device (ATD). This modified LE incorporates 6-axis load cells in each tibia and ROM stops to improve ankle biofidelity. This updated LE design was used to investigate the effect of front seat back (FSB) properties, initial leg position, and rear compartment geometries in eight 30 mph frontal impact tests. The FSB properties were designed to mimic the two extreme conditions: impacting a rigid or soft anterior structure. The rear compartment space was adjusted to represent a front seat forward or closer toward the LE of the ATD. Initial positioning of the LE either initially touching the FSB or relaxed was another variable investigated. Tibia force and moment, femur forces, tibia index, excursion distance, and head injury criterion were all parameters examined. Data suggest that when the LE was initially touching a stiff FSB, values were observed that either approached or exceeded injury thresholds. When the LE was initially touching a foam FSB, no injurious values were observed. In all four tests when the LE was initially relaxed, independent of front seat positon, the LE impacted the lower rigid portion of the front seat resulting in values that either approached or exceeded injury thresholds. The ATD-LE was successfully used in frontal impact tests, but improvements can be made to the ankle biofidelity at high speeds in both dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. These data can be used to update front seat properties to improve LE protection and present the value of utilizing an instrumented HII6YO ATD-LE.
Download or read book Child Passenger Safety Resource Manual written by United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Precious Cargo written by Arthur W. Hoffmann and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2011-05-27 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precious Cargo is a term safety advocates use to describe helpless children who are at risk when riding in automobiles. These fragile passengers are dependent upon parents and caregivers to protect them and ensure their wellbeing. Motor vehicle crashes claim thousands of child fatalities and debilitating injuries every year. Unrestrained children are at the greatest risk of death and serious injury. Use of Child Restraint Systems is essential to protect your loved ones. The author reviews the historical basis of child car seats and the evolution of child safety restraints to date. Child restraint systems have a proven record of saving the lives of numerous children, and reducing serious injury of thousands of others. However, it has been a rocky road. Current child seats are effective when used correctly but misuse; confusion, and product recalls have tainted the industry. Progress toward advancing child safety has stalled; with little progress over the past 40 years. Obsolete and ineffective testing methodology needs to be corrected to advance the state-of-art. The Car companies are not involved in child restraint design, crash testing or vehicle installation problems. The National Highway Traffic safety Administration (NHTSA) oversight has been negligent and ineffective in advancing child safety technology. Cooperation between car companies, child seat manufacturers, NHTSA, and concerned safety advocates as the way-forward to advancing child safety is presented.
Download or read book The Performance and Use of Child Restraint Systems Seatbelts and Air Bags for Children in Passenger Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rear Impact Danger written by Arthur W Hoffmann EngD and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automotive rear impacts are the most common type of car accident, with 2.5 million occuring each year. Most often, the vehicle property damage is minor with no occupant injury. However, more serious rear-end collisions can result in life-changing events. There are two major injury types caused by rear impact accidents. Whiplash (non-lethal injury) and Seat-Collapse (potential serious or lethal injury). Driver and front passenger seats all too often fail, with the seatback collapsing, ejecting the occupants rearward into the rear seat area with serious consequences. Seat design strength requiements are covered by FMVSS 207 Seat Systems Standard. The auto companies rely on this standard to test their seatsdard. The FMVSS 207 standard for seatback strength is flawed auto compaies use this requirement to allow the seatback to deform during a serious rear-impact, to achive enery-management. The controversy over seatback strength, Rigid verus Yielding, continues today. An occupied front seat that collapses during a rear-impact can entrap rear seat occupants, especially children that are required to sit in the rear row seats. Safety advocates and researchers report that for the period 1990 to 2014 nearly 900 children seated behind a front-seated occupant or in a center rear seat died in rear impacts of 1990 and later model-year cars. Law suites are prevalent and multi-million dollar penalties or settlements resulted and litigation continue today. Rear-end crashes also involve vehicle occupants in other automotive design hazards. Use of Child Restraints (CRS) is essentaial.
Download or read book Child and Infant Restraint Systems and Seating Special Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Evaluation of Child Passenger Safety the Effectiveness and Benefits of Safety Seats Technical Report written by Charles Jesse Kahane and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protecting Our Own written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles Eleventh Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 946 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Performance and Use of Child Restraint Systems Seatbelts and Air Bags for Children in Passenger Vehicles Case summaries written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Developments in Automotive Safety Technology written by Daniel J Holt and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2004-09-23 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automotive engineers have been working to improve vehicle safety ever since the first car rolleddown some pathway well over 100 years ago. Today, there are many new technologies being developedthat will improve the safety of future vehicles. Featuring the 69 best safety-related SAE technical papers of 2003, this book provides the most comprehensive information available on current and emerging developments in automotive safety. It gives readers a feel for the direction engineers are taking to reduce deaths and injuries of vehicle occupants as well as pedestrians. All of the papers selected for this book meet the criteria for inclusion in SAE Transactions--the definitive collection of the year's best technical research in automotive engineering technology.
Download or read book Pediatric Injury Biomechanics written by Jeff R. Crandall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-15 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric Injury Biomechanics: Archive and Textbook consolidates and describes the current state of the art in pediatric injury biomechanics research in the automotive crash environment. Written by the most respected scientists in the field, the objective of this ground-breaking project is to provide a comprehensive archive and analysis of pediatric injury biomechanics research; to be the go-to reference for the epidemiology of motor vehicle related childhood injury data, pediatric anthropometry, pediatric biomechanical properties, tissue tolerance, and computational models. This book provides essential information needed by researchers working in the field of pediatric injury including those involved in rulemaking activities, injury criteria development, child dummy development, and child injury interventions development. In addition to the text, a companion archive will include valuable information and tools to assist in the identification of gaps in research and future research directions.This living document will be regularly updated with current research and advancements in pediatric injury biomechanics.
Download or read book Improving Highway and Vehicle Safety written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Consumer Protection, Product Safety, and Insurance and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Child Seating Test Procedure Development Final Report written by Edward C. Hiltner and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Bags On off Switches Information for an Informed Decision written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses when using air bags is unsafe and specific steps to take to reduce the risk. Describes on-off switches and who should consider installing them.
Download or read book Sudden Impact An Occupant Protection Fact Book written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Auto Traffic Safety written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
