Download or read book Reactions of Arsenic Compounds in Pyrite Ashes and Their Potential Influence on Underground Water Quality written by A. Lodolo and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arsenic in Ground Water written by Alan H. Welch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in arsenic in ground water has greatly increased in the past decade because of the increased awareness of human health effects and the costs of avoidance or treatment of ground water supplies used for consumption. The goal of this book is to provide a description of the basic processes that affect arsenic occurrence and transport by providing sufficient background information on arsenic geochemistry and descriptions of hi- arsenic ground water, both affected and unaffected by human activity. An understanding of thermodynamics, adsorption, and the speciation of arsenic in solid phases, which are described in first three chapters, is needed to predict the fate of arsenic in ground water systems. Large-scale and deep movement of ground water can and has redistributed arsenic in the near surface environment, as described in the next two chapters. These large-scale systems can affect large volumes of both ground water and surface water, such as in the Yellowstone system, and can produce mineralised zones that subsequently release arsenic to ground water supplies. Regional identification of high-arsenic ground water and its consumption as described in the next three chapters clearly demonstrates a need for increased wat- quality monitoring, particularly in south and southeast Asia. Chapters 9-11 provide examples of high arsenic ground water associated with sulfide mineral oxidation and alkaline conditions. Finally, smaller scale studies of the effects of human activities that have produced high-arsenic ground water and methods for attenuation of ground water are presented.
Download or read book Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater written by Lara E. Pracht and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arsenic contamination of groundwater is a global concern, with environmental presence attributable to both geogenic and anthropogenic factors. Presence in the environment threatens both public and environmental health. In this study, we explored both the mobilization and sequestration of arsenic in subsurface environments, both in in situ treatment systems that sought to sequester the arsenic by intentional interference with the biochemistry and in natural systems where anthropogenic activities hold the potential to inadvertently exacerbate existing public health problems caused by arsenic contamination. Our investigation into these arsenic stabilization mechanisms involved fieldwork and laboratory-based experiments and analysis methods to study three different groundwater systems. The fieldwork collected sediment and water samples from these different locations. Laboratory batch incubation experiments were conducted for two locations, to elucidate arsenic mobilization processes, with further laboratory characterizations of these experimental materials and those collected from the third site, including solid-phase speciation of arsenic and iron in sediment, molecular characterization of microbially-altered organic carbon, and isotopic characterization of carbon pools. Our work conducted on in situ treatment systems analyzed two different treatments that utilized induced sulfate reduction (ISR) in permeable reactive barriers (PRB) as a means to form sulfide and iron minerals that incorporate or sorb arsenic, removing it from groundwater. Our work found that PRBs that are formed using zerovalent iron (ZVI) in conjunction with the sulfate and carbon materials are more effective at arsenic removal, likely due to the formation of more stable minerals. Our data suggest that arsenic stabilization in non-ZVI PRBs are primarily controlled by arsenic-sulfide associations, while ZVI PRBs saw greater formation of iron sulfides and iron oxyhydroxides. Our investigations into mechanisms responsible for subsurface mobilization of arsenic into groundwater were primarily driven by laboratory incubation experiments of aquifer materials collected from arsenic-contaminated locations. Materials collected from an aquifer in Bangladesh were incubated and sampled over one-half year, with the goal of better understanding the labile organic carbon available to fuel reductive dissolution processes that drive arsenic mobilization. Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry revealed a large, heterogeneous pool of bioavailable organic carbon in the sediment porewater. Despite the substantial microbial degradation of this carbon pool, most of the compounds were those types traditionally considered recalcitrant or less energetically-favorable. Our results lend weight to an ever-growing shift in understanding of carbon bioavailability. Additionally, both this sediment porewater and the aquifer recharge waters contained many organosulfur compounds, suggesting that the presence of such compounds may potentially be useful as a fingerprint for organic matter derived from organic-rich, anaerobic subsurface environments. The existence of this pool of organic carbon in subsurface sediments that holds the potential to fuel microbial reactions that impact groundwater quality, led to our final investigation of a process that may occur in situ and mobilize such a pool: microbial priming. Laboratory incubations of aquifer sediment from Cambodia were conducted to show the occurrence of microbial priming and its potential to release mobilize arsenic in the subsurface. The results did not show explicit evidence of priming, but did show an increase in the onset of microbial activity in treatments amended with labile organic carbon. Moreover, even in treatments amended with high concentrations of labile carbon, notable arsenic mobilization was not observed. More energetically-favorable electron acceptors, iron and manganese, were reduced and dissolved into solution, but at later timepoints in the experiment began to decrease in dissolved concentrations, indicating mineral precipitation.
Download or read book Some Drinking water Disinfectants and Contaminants Including Arsenic written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by IARC. This book was released on 2004 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A working group of 23 experts from 13 countries met in Lyon to evaluate the evidence for carcinogenicity of arsenic (mostly naturally occurring) as a contaminant of drinking-water, and of the water-disinfectant chloramine. The working group also evaluated or re-evaluated four chlorination by-products found in drinking-water, namely chloral hydrate, di- and trichloroacetic acids, and 3-chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (also known as MX). High-level exposure to arsenic in drinking-water occurs in some regions such as China, Latin America, Bangladesh and West Bengal. The Working Group reviewed epidemiological studies of human cancer (mainly ecological studies in Taiwan and Chile, and several case-control and cohort studies) in relation to arsenic in drinking-water. Arsenic in drinking-water (primarily inorganic, as arsenate and to a lesser extent arsenite) was evaluated as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence for an increased risk for cancer of the urinary bladder, lung and skin. Studies on inorganic arsenic in experimental animals provided limited evidence for its carcinogenicity, but sufficient evidence was found in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of dimethylarsinic acid (an organic form of arsenic), which produced urinary bladder tumours in rats and lung tumours in mice after oral administration.
Download or read book Drinking Water Quality and Human Health written by Patrick Levallois and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-04 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The quality of drinking water is paramount for public health. Despite important improvements in the last decades, access to safe drinking water is not universal. The World Health Organization estimates that almost 10% of the population in the world do not have access to improved drinking water sources. Among other diseases, waterborne infections cause diarrhea, which kills nearly one million people every year, mostly children under 5 years of age. On the other hand, chemical pollution is a concern in high-income countries and an increasing problem in low- and middle-income countries. Exposure to chemicals in drinking water may lead to a range of chronic non-communicable diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular disease), adverse reproductive outcomes, and effects on children’s health (e.g., neurodevelopment), among other health effects. Although drinking water quality is regulated and monitored in many countries, increasing knowledge leads to the need for reviewing standards and guidelines on a nearly permanent basis, both for regulated and newly identified contaminants. Drinking water standards are mostly based on animal toxicity data, and more robust epidemiologic studies with accurate exposure assessment are needed. The current risk assessment paradigm dealing mostly with one-by-one chemicals dismisses the potential synergisms or interactions from exposures to mixtures of contaminants, particularly at the low-exposure range. Thus, evidence is needed on exposure and health effects of mixtures of contaminants in drinking water. Finally, water stress and water quality problems are expected to increase in the coming years due to climate change and increasing water demand by population growth, and new evidence is needed to design appropriate adaptation policies. This Special Issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) focuses on the current state of knowledge on the links between drinking water quality and human health.
Download or read book Monitored Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V.3 ... consists of individual chapters that describe 1) the conceptual background for radionuclides, including tritium, radon, strontium, technetium, uranium, iodine, radium, thorium, cesium, plutonium-americium and 2) data requirements to be met during site characterization.
Download or read book Handbook of Arsenic Toxicology written by Swaran Jeet Singh Flora and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2023-02-21 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Arsenic Toxicology, Second Edition presents the latest findings on arsenic, including its chemistry, sources and effects on the environment and human health. The book discusses both acute and chronic effects, discussing many aspects of arsenic, from physical and chemical properties, exposure, epidemiology, organ toxicity, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Fully updated and revised, this new edition includes new topics on risk assessment, molecular mechanisms of arsenic, advances in the integrated approach to testing, assessment and development, evaluation and application of high content predictive models, and new alternative methods (NAMS) in the context of Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) to assess toxicology. This comprehensive resource allows readers to effectively assess the risks related to arsenic, providing them with all they need to know on arsenic exposure, toxicity and toxicity prevention. - Brings together current findings on the effects of arsenic on the environment and human health - Includes state-of-the-art techniques in arsenic toxicokinetics, speciation and molecular mechanisms - Provides all the information needed for effective risk assessment, prevention and countermeasures
Download or read book Health and Environmental Effects of Coal Technologies written by Richard Dee Brown and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report summaries written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arsenic Treatment Technologies for Soil Waste and Water written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Groundwater Quality Monitoring of Western Coal Strip Mining written by Lorne G. Everett and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ERDA Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Underground Coal Gasification and Combustion written by Michael S. Blinderman and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-28 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is carried out in unmined coal seams, using wells drilled from the surface and converting coal into synthesis gas. The gas can be used for power generation and synthesis of automotive fuels, fertilizers and other products. UCG offers financial, social, and environmental benefits over conventional coal extraction and utilization methods and may play a critical role in ensuring energy security in the future. Underground Coal Gasification and Combustion provides an overview of underground coal gasification technology, its current status and future directions. Comprehensive in approach, the book covers history, science, technology, hydrogeology, rock mechanics, environmental performance, economics, regulatory and commercial aspects of UCG projects. The first book on the subject in forty years, it is unique in analysing more than a century of global UCG developments by experts from Australia, Canada, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, United Kingdom, the USA and Uzbekistan. - Provides researchers, engineers, industry, educators and regulators with an authoritative overview of science and practical applications of underground coal gasification technologies - Offers insight into efficiency, environmental performance, costs, permitting issues and commercial aspects of UCG projects - Written by scientists and practitioners of UCG technology sharing hands-on experience of step-by-step UCG implementation
Download or read book Scientific Investigations Report written by Sharon E. Kroening and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
