Download or read book Rational Interaction written by Reinhard Selten and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unifying theme of the 23 contributions to this book is the social interaction of rational individuals. The work of John C. Harsanyi on game theory, social choice, and the philosophy of science finds an echo in these essays. Contributions by well known game theorists and economists present a great variety of stimulating theoretical investigations. Part I contains six papers on non-cooperative game theory written by Maschler, Owen, Myerson, Peleg, Rosenmüller, Hart and Mas-Collel. Part II with three contributions by Kalei, Samet, van Damme, d'Aspremont, and Gérard-Varet is devoted to the use of non-cooperative game theory in the analysis of problems of mechanism design. Basic questions of non-cooperative game theory are discussed in three essays by Güth, Hardin, and Sugden in Part III. Applied game models are discussed in three papers by Friedman, Selten, and Shubik in Part IV. Problems of social choice are investigated in Part V which deals with utilitarianism and related topics in five contributions by Hammond, Binmore, Arrow, Roemer, and Broome. Finally, Part VI contains three papers: an interdisciplinary comparison of physics and economics by Samuelson, a methodological essay by Brock, and an appraisal of the work of John C. Harsanyi.
Download or read book Internal Auditing written by Richard Cascarino and published by Juta and Company Ltd. This book was released on 2007-04 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Book & CD. This book is designed primarily for undergraduate and postgraduate students intending to pursue a career in internal auditing, as well as those chartered accountants with a specialist interest in governance and control issues. This book covers the basic concepts, philosophy and principles underlying the practice of internal auditing -- the relationships between the internal auditor, management and the external auditor. In addition, the student will gain a knowledge and understanding of the nature of an organisation. Risk management and the role of internal auditing in managing organisational risks in the context of current developments in corporate governance in both the public and private sectors are dealt with. The book is now prescribed for those studying for the Certified Internal Auditor professional qualification since it addresses the syllabus requirements of the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) and the Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing and Competency Framework for Internal Auditors. This book represents a practical integrated approach to the Institute of Internal Auditors' recommended internal audit approach, and may be implemented within an internal audit department in a cost-effective manner. Accordingly, the text may be useful as a reference manual for internal audits in practice.
Download or read book Knowledge Belief and Strategic Interaction written by Cristina Bicchieri and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-08-28 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A group of pre-eminent figures offer a conspectus of the interaction of game theory, logic and episemology in the formal models of knowledge, belief, deliberation and learning.
Download or read book Rational Deliberation written by David Gauthier and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-18 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For several decades, David Gauthier has been one of the leading philosophers working on practical rationality and deliberation. This book presents a selection of Gauthier's writings on these topics, all but two of which were written after Morals by Agreement (OUP, 1986). They represent Gauthier's most important contributions to the theory of practical reason, moving some distance from the view a first presented in Reason and Maximization and developed in a much-reprinted chapter of Morals by Agreement. These essays challenge common misconceptions of Gauthier's revisionist conception of practical rationality, and provide important insights with implications for economic theory.
Download or read book The Limits of Hobbesian Contractarianism written by Jody S. Kraus and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the most comprehensive, rigorous critique of contemporary Hobbesian contractarianism as expounded in the work of Jean Hampton, Gregory Kavka, and David Gauthier. Professor Kraus argues that the attempts by these three philosophers to use Hobbes to answer current political and moral questions fail. The reasons why they fail are related to fundamental problems intrinsic to Hobbesian contractarianism: first, the problem of collective action arising out of the tension in Hobbes' theory between individual and collective rationality; second, the classical problem of explaining the normative force of hypothetical action, a problem that can be traced to the conflicting strategies of hypothetical justification found in Rawls' and Hobbes' theories. Given the deep interest in Hobbesian contractarianism among philosophers, political theorists, game theorists in economics and political science, and legal theorists, this book is likely to attract wide attention and infuse new life into the contractarian debate.
Download or read book Universal Access in Human Computer Interaction Design Methods Tools and Interaction Techniques for eInclusion written by Constantine Stephanidis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-07-03 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three-volume set LNCS 8009-8011 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, UAHCI 2013, held as part of the 15th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, HCII 2013, held in Las Vegas, USA in July 2013, jointly with 12 other thematically similar conferences. The total of 1666 papers and 303 posters presented at the HCII 2013 conferences was carefully reviewed and selected from 5210 submissions. These papers address the latest research and development efforts and highlight the human aspects of design and use of computing systems. The papers accepted for presentation thoroughly cover the entire field of human-computer interaction, addressing major advances in knowledge and effective use of computers in a variety of application areas. The total of 230 contributions included in the UAHCI proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this three-volume set. The 74 papers included in this volume are organized in the following topical sections: design for all methods, techniques and tools; eInclusion practice; universal access to the built environment; multi-sensory and multimodal interfaces; brain-computer interfaces.
Download or read book Foundations of Rational Agency written by Michael Wooldridge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents an advanced, comprehensive state-of-the-art survey of the field of rational agency as it stands today. It covers the philosophical foundations of rational agency, logical and decision-theoretic approaches to rational agency, multi-agent aspects of rational agency and a number of approaches to programming rational agents. It will be of interest to researchers in logic, mainstream computer science, the philosophy of rational action and agency, and economics.
Download or read book Towards Agamemnon Totalitarianism Origins History written by Benjamin Yang and published by 玲子传媒 LINGZI MEDIA. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most striking phenomena of the 20th century is totalitarianism. In both Europe and Asia different types of totalitarian states and political organisations have emerged fomenting global hatred wars and massacres of civilians. Nearly 200 million people were killed as a result of totalitarian wars and political cleansing of populations. The totalitarian catastrophe of the last century continues to have a profound impact on global politics and economy in the 21st century. For politicians business leaders and civilians around the world it is impossible to ignore the many problems caused by totalitarianism. The technological revolutions cultural expressions and changes in business models that we are experiencing are all closely related to it. This book traces the origins of totalitarianism from ancient literature to events in the last century. About the Author Benjamin Yang was born in China in 1972. A long-time resident in Southeast Asia he has work experience in broadcasting research and teaching at Central South University and Hainan University primarily in philosophy and dramaturgy. He has published more than 20 academic papers and his major publications include The Cat in the Closed Chamber: The Concept of Time and Space and the Collective Subconscious (2013) which discusses how different human communities often have different conceptions of space and time and Drama and the Rise of Great Powers (2017) which points out that the birth of every modern western power has been accompanied by the emergence of an iconic theatre master. This book Towards Agamemnon: Totalitarianism Origins & History is the result of his years of research and study in philosophy history politics and literature of both the Western and Eastern worlds. Author's words: I lived in Phnom Penh Cambodia during the Covid-19 pandemic. It is a beautiful and romantic city in the Far East. But the shadows of death seems to be creating in a hidden cycle of time. The S-21 Concentration Camp where tens of thousands of people under the Khmer Rouge’s totalitarian rule was just a fraction of the two million Cambodians who were killed in the political cleansing of the population. John and I used translation software to exchange views on politics including totalitarianism. The Red Revolution of the last century was like a horrific ideological viral outbreak that killed tens of millions of people during the Bolshevik Revolution the Chinese Cultural Revolution and the Khmer Rouge totalitarian rule. The recollections of those horrific periods have indeed diverted our anxiety over Covid-19. My colleague Professor K came to join me in Phnom Penh. For a fortuitous reason he led me to discover a secret. There exists a literary tradition in the history of the West that is 2500 years old a tradition which had produced the world’s most famous plays and films. The literary tradition contains the source of power of the West’s resistance to totalitarianism over the years. The Marxist regime and the Nazi forces created the apocalyptic landscape of the 20th century but they lost out to this tradition in the end. This book provides the link between that tradition and causes of totalitarianism through the ages especially those during the 20th century. This book traces the origins of totalitarianism from ancient literature to events in the last century.
Download or read book Intentions in Communication written by Philip R. Cohen and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intentions in Communication brings together major theorists from artificial intelligence and computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and psychology whose work develops the foundations for an account of the role of intentions in a comprehensive theory of communication. It demonstrates, for the first time, the emerging cooperation among disciplines concerned with the fundamental role of intention in communication.The fourteen contributions in this book address central questions about the nature of intention as it is understood in theories of communication, the crucial role of intention recognition in understanding utterances, the use of principles of rational interaction in interpreting speech acts, the contribution of intonation contours to intention recognition, and the need for more general models of intention that support a view of dialogue as a collaborative activity.The contributors are Michael E. Bratman, Philip R. Cohen, Hector J. Levesque, Martha E. Pollack, Henry Kautz, Andrew J. I. Jones, C. Raymond Perrault, Daniel Vanderveken, Janet Pierrehumbert, Julia Hirschberg, Richmond H. Thomason, Diane J Litman, James F. Allen, John R. Searle, Barbara J. Grosz, Candace L. Sidner, Herbert H. Clark and Deanna Wilkes-Gibbs. The book also includes commentaries by James F. Allen, W. A Woods, Jerry Morgan, Jerrold M. Sadock Jerry R. Hobbs, and Kent Bach.Philip R. Cohen is a Senior Computer Scientist at the Artificial Intelligence Center at SRI International and is a Senior Researcher with the Center for the Study of Language and Information; Jerry Morgan is Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Illinois; Martha E. Pollack is a Computer Scientist at the Artificial Intelligence Center at SRI International and is a Senior Researcher with the Center for the Study of Language and Information. Intentions in Communication is included in the System Development Foundation Benchmark Series.
Download or read book Dynamic Formal Epistemology written by Patrick Girard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collation of original contributions from the key actors of a new trend in the contemporary theory of knowledge and belief, that we call “dynamic epistemology”. It brings the works of these researchers under a single umbrella by highlighting the coherence of their current themes, and by establishing connections between topics that, up until now, have been investigated independently. It also illustrates how the new analytical toolbox unveils questions about the theory of knowledge, belief, preference, action, and rationality, in a number of central axes in dynamic epistemology: temporal, social, probabilistic and even deontic dynamics.
Download or read book Foundations and Applications of Decision Theory written by C.A. Hooker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. INTRODUCTION In the Spring of 1975 we held an international workshop on the Foundations and Application of Decision Theory at the University of Western Ontario. To help structure the workshop into ordered and manageable sessions we distri buted the following statement of our goals to all invited participants. They in turn responded with useful revisions and suggested their own areas of interest. Since this procedure provided the eventual format of the sessions, we include it here as the most appropriate introduction to these collected papers result ing from the workshop. The reader can readily gauge the approximation to our mutual goals. 2. STATEMENT or OBJECTIVES AND RATIONALE (Attached to this statement is a bibliography; names of persons cited in the statement and writing in this century will be found referenced in the biblio graphy - certain 'classics' aside. ) 2. 1. Preamble We understand in the following the Theory of Decisions in a broader sense than is presently customary, construing it to embrace a general theory of deciSion-making, induding social, political and economic theory and applica tions. Thus, we subsume the Theory of Games under the head of Decision Theory, regarding it as a particularly clearly formulated version of part of the general theory of decision-making.
Download or read book Rationality Rules and Structure written by Julian Nida-Rümelin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is an obvious fact that human agency is constrained and structured by many kinds of rules: rules that are constitutive for communication, morality, persons, and society, and juridical rules. So the question is: what roles are played by social rules and the structural traits of human agency in rational decision making? What bearing does this have on the theory of practical rationality? These issues can only be discussed within an interdisciplinary setting, with researchers drawn from philosophy, decision theory and the economic and social sciences. The problem is of profound, fundamental concern to the social scientist and has attracted a great deal of intellectual effort. Contributors include distinguished researchers in their respective fields and the book thus presents state-of-the-art theory. It can also be used as a textbook in advanced philosophy, economics and social science classes.
Download or read book Rational Choice and Strategic Conflict written by Gabriel Frahm and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-09-23 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is refreshing, innovative and important for several reasons. Perhaps most importantly, it attempts to reconcile game theory with one-person decision theory by viewing a game as a collection of one-person decision problems. As natural as this approach may seem, it is hard to find game theory books that really implement this view. This book is a wonderful exception, in which the transition between decision theory and game theory is both smooth and natural. It shows that decision theory and game theory can go—and, in fact, must go—hand in hand. The careful exposition, the many illustrative examples, the critical assessment of traditional game theory concepts, and the enlightening comparison with the subjectivistic approach advocated in this book, make it a pleasure to read and a must have for anyone interested in the foundations of decision theory and game theory." Andrés Perea (Maastricht University) "Gabriel Frahm's relatively nontechnical book is a bold synthesis of decision theory and game theory from a Bayesian or subjectivist perspective. It distinguishes between decisions, or one-person games, and games with two or more players, but Frahm argues that this distinction is not always necessary—the two kinds of games can be analyzed within a common theoretical framework. He models the dynamics of choice in several different settings (e.g., information may be complete or incomplete as well as perfect or imperfect), including one in which players look ahead and make farsighted calculations on which they base their choices. His book contains many provocative examples that illustrate the advantages of a unified theory of rational decision-making." Steven J. Brams (New York University)
Download or read book Morals by Agreement written by David Gauthier and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1987-05-21 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the author argues that moral principles are principles of rational choice. According to the usual view of choice, a rational person selects what is likely to give the greatest expectation of value or utility. But in many situations, if each person chooses in this way, everyone will be worse off than need be. Instead, Professor Gauthier proposes a principle whereby choice is made on an agreed basis of co-operation, rather than according to what would give the individual the greatest expectation of value. He shows that such a principle not only ensures mutual benefit and fairness, thus satisfying the standards of morality, but also that each person may actually expect greater utility by adhering to morality, even though the choice did not have that end primarily in view. In resolving what may appear to be a paradox, the author establishes morals on the firm foundation of reason.
Download or read book Multi rational Management written by K. Schedler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multi-rational Management explains the concept of multirational management and illustrates it with many practical examples. It has primarily been written for 'reflective practitioners', i.e. those executives who continually think about their organisation and their own roles in that organisation.
Download or read book Game Theory Experience Rationality written by W. Leinfellner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When von Neumann's and Morgenstern's Theory of Games and Economic Behavior appeared in 1944, one thought that a complete theory of strategic social behavior had appeared out of nowhere. However, game theory has, to this very day, remained a fast-growing assemblage of models which have gradually been united in a new social theory - a theory that is far from being completed even after recent advances in game theory, as evidenced by the work of the three Nobel Prize winners, John F. Nash, John C. Harsanyi, and Reinhard Selten. Two of them, Harsanyi and Selten, have contributed important articles to the present volume. This book leaves no doubt that the game-theoretical models are on the right track to becoming a respectable new theory, just like the great theories of the twentieth century originated from formerly separate models which merged in the course of decades. For social scientists, the age of great discover ies is not over. The recent advances of today's game theory surpass by far the results of traditional game theory. For example, modem game theory has a new empirical and social foundation, namely, societal experiences; this has changed its methods, its "rationality. " Morgenstern (I worked together with him for four years) dreamed of an encompassing theory of social behavior. With the inclusion of the concept of evolution in mathematical form, this dream will become true. Perhaps the new foundation will even lead to a new name, "conflict theory" instead of "game theory.
Download or read book Perspectives on Dialogue in the New Millennium written by Peter Kühnlein and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2003-09-29 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formal treatment of the semantics and pragmatics of dialogue became possible through a series of breakthroughs in foundational methodology. There is broad consensus on a couple of issues, like the fact that some variety of dynamic theory is necessary to capture certain characteristics of dialogue. Other matters still are disputed. This volume contains papers both of foundational and applied orientation. It is the result of one of a series of specialized Workshops on Formal Semantics and Pragmatics of Dialogue that took place in 2001. One can therefore truly say that it mirrors both the state of the art at the end of the past millennium and research strategies that are pursued at the beginning of the new millennium. The collected papers cover the range from philosophy of language to computer science, from the analysis of presupposition to investigations into corpora, and touches upon topics like the role of speech acts in dialogue or language specific phenomena. This broad coverage will make the volume valuable for students of dialogue from all fields of expertise.
