Download or read book Radiation Protection for Space Activities written by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guidance on Radiation Received in Space Activities written by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and published by Ncrp. This book was released on 1989 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiation Protection for Manned Space Activities written by Thomas M. Jordan and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Earth's natural radiation environment poses a hazard to manned space activities directly through biological effects and indirectly through effects on materials and electronics. A preliminary review of radiation protection indicates a requirement for Standard Practices that address: (1) environment models for all radiation species including uncertainties and temporal variations; (2) upper bound and nominal quality factors for biological radiation effects that include dose, dose rate, critical organ, and linear energy transfer variations; (3) particle transport and shielding methodology including system and man-modeling and uncertainty analysis; (4) mission planning that includes active dosimetry, minimizes exposure during extravehicular activities, subjects every mission to a radiation review, and specifies operational procedures for forecasting, recognizing, and dealing with large solar flares. The Space Transportation System and space station missions should be addressing radiation protection uncertainties and worst case issues now.
Download or read book Second Symposium on Protection Against Radiation in Space written by Arthur Reetz and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing Space Radiation Risk in the New Era of Space Exploration written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-05-29 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE), NASA is planning for humans to revisit the Moon and someday go to Mars. An important consideration in this effort is protection against the exposure to space radiation. That radiation might result in severe long-term health consequences for astronauts on such missions if they are not adequately shielded. To help with these concerns, NASA asked the NRC to further the understanding of the risks of space radiation, to evaluate radiation shielding requirements, and recommend a strategic plan for developing appropriate mitigation capabilities. This book presents an assessment of current knowledge of the radiation environment; an examination of the effects of radiation on biological systems and mission equipment; an analysis of current plans for radiation protection; and a strategy for mitigating the risks to VSE astronauts.
Download or read book Space Radiation Hazards and the Vision for Space Exploration written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-11-10 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fulfilling the President's Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) will require overcoming many challenges. Among these are the hazards of space radiation to crews traveling to the Moon and Mars. To explore these challenges in some depth and to examine ways to marshal research efforts to address them, NASA, NSF, and the NRC sponsored a workshop bringing together members of the space and planetary science, radiation physics, operations, and exploration engineering communities. The goals of the workshop were to increase understanding of the solar and space physics in the environment of Earth, the Moon, and Mars; to identify compelling relevant research goals; and discuss directions this research should take over the coming decade. This workshop report presents a discussion of radiation risks for the VSE, an assessment of specifying and predicting the space radiation environment, an analysis of operational strategies for space weather support, and a summary and conclusions of the workshop.
Download or read book Radiation Protection Guidance for Activities in Low earth Orbit written by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and published by National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements. This book was released on 2000 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Space Radiation Hazards and the Vision for Space Exploration written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-10-10 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fulfilling the President's Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) will require overcoming many challenges. Among these are the hazards of space radiation to crews traveling to the Moon and Mars. To explore these challenges in some depth and to examine ways to marshal research efforts to address them, NASA, NSF, and the NRC sponsored a workshop bringing together members of the space and planetary science, radiation physics, operations, and exploration engineering communities. The goals of the workshop were to increase understanding of the solar and space physics in the environment of Earth, the Moon, and Mars; to identify compelling relevant research goals; and discuss directions this research should take over the coming decade. This workshop report presents a discussion of radiation risks for the VSE, an assessment of specifying and predicting the space radiation environment, an analysis of operational strategies for space weather support, and a summary and conclusions of the workshop.
Download or read book Radiation Hazards to Crews of Interplanetary Missions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-03-27 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NASA's long-range plans include possible human exploratory missions to the moon and Mars within the next quarter century. Such missions beyond low Earth orbit will expose crews to transient radiation from solar particle events as well as continuous high-energy galactic cosmic rays ranging from energetic protons with low mean linear energy transfer (LET) to nuclei with high atomic numbers, high energies, and high LET. Because the radiation levels in space are high and the missions long, adequate shielding is needed to minimize the deleterious health effects of exposure to radiation. The knowledge base needed to design shielding involves two sets of factors, each with quantitative uncertaintyâ€"the radiation spectra and doses present behind different types of shielding, and the effects of the doses on relevant biological systems. It is only prudent to design shielding that will protect the crew of spacecraft exposed to predicted high, but uncertain, levels of radiation and biological effects. Because of the uncertainties regarding the degree and type of radiation protection needed, a requirement for shielding to protect against large deleterious, but uncertain, biological effects may be imposed, which in turn could result in an unacceptable cost to a mission. It therefore is of interest to reduce these uncertainties in biological effects and shielding requirements for reasons of mission feasibility, safety, and cost.
Download or read book Radiation Protection Studies of International Space Station Extravehicular Activity Space Suits written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-15 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication describes recent investigations that evaluate radiation shielding characteristics of NASA's and the Russian Space Agency's space suits. The introduction describes the suits and presents goals of several experiments performed with them. The first chapter provides background information about the dynamic radiation environment experienced at ISS and summarized radiation health and protection requirements for activities in low Earth orbit. Supporting studies report the development and application of a computer model of the EMU space suit and the difficulty of shielding EVA crewmembers from high-energy reentrant electrons, a previously unevaluated component of the space radiation environment. Chapters 2 through 6 describe experiments that evaluate the space suits' radiation shielding characteristics. Chapter 7 describes a study of the potential radiological health impact on EVA crewmembers of two virtually unexamined environmental sources of high-energy electrons-reentrant trapped electrons and atmospheric albedo or "splash" electrons. The radiological consequences of those sources have not been evaluated previously and, under closer scrutiny. A detailed computational model of the shielding distribution provided by components of the NASA astronauts' EMU is being developed for exposure evaluation studies. The model is introduced in Chapters 8 and 9 and used in Chapter 10 to investigate how trapped particle anisotropy impacts female organ doses during EVA. Chapter 11 presents a review of issues related to estimating skin cancer risk form space radiation. The final chapter contains conclusions about the protective qualities of the suit brought to light form these studies, as well as recommendations for future operational radiation protection. Cucinotta, Francis A. (Editor) and Shavers, Mark R. (Editor) and Saganti, Premkumar B. (Editor) and Miller, Jack (Editor) Johnson Space Center
Download or read book Guidance on radiation received in space activities written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiological Health Risks to Astronauts from Space Activities and Medical Procedures written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-10 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation protection standards for space activities differ substantially from those applied to terrestrial working situations. The levels of radiation and subsequent hazards to which space workers are exposed are quite unlike anything found on Earth. The new more highly refined system of risk management involves assessing the risk to each space worker from all sources of radiation (occupational and non-occupational) at the organ level. The risk coefficients were applied to previous space and medical exposures (diagnostic x ray and nuclear medicine procedures) in order to estimate the radiation-induced lifetime cancer incidence and mortality risk. At present, the risk from medical procedures when compared to space activities is 14 times higher for cancer incidence and 13 times higher for cancer mortality; however, this will change as the per capita dose during Space Station Freedom and interplanetary missions increases and more is known about the risks from exposure to high-LET radiation. Peterson, Leif E. and Nachtwey, D. Stuart Johnson Space Center ...
Download or read book Radiation Exposures in Space and the Potential for Central Nervous System Effects written by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This Report has been prepared at the request of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It is the second phase of a two-phase effort intended to provide guidance to NASA concerning the health effects and mission impacts of space radiation exposure on the central nervous system (CNS) of crew members. The first phase of effort resulted in the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) Commentary No. 25, Potential for Central Nervous System Effects from Radiation Exposure During Space Activities. Phase I: Overview, which described the critical issues surrounding the potential short- and long-term consequences of space radiation on the CNS and laid the groundwork for a more comprehensive investigation that is the basis of this Report. This Report summarizes the steps and approaches needed to more fully understand the risk of CNS effects following radiation exposures in space and provides guidance for radiation protection, including risk management. NCRP has identified knowledge gaps regarding the implementation of a comprehensive and effective radiation safety program to protect astronauts against the potential for early and late CNS effects from space radiation"--
Download or read book Guidance on Radiation Received in Space Activities written by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiation Hazard in Space written by L.I. Miroshnichenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mono graph contains 8 chapters, and their contents cover all principal aspects of the problem: 1. Introduction and brief his tory ofthe radiation problem and background information ofradiation hazard in the near-Earth and interplanetary space. 2. General description of radiation conditions and main sources of charged partic1es in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, effects of space environment on spacecraft. 3. Basic information about physical conditions in space and main sources of charged particles in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, in the context of "Space W eather" monitoring and prediction. 4. Trapped radiation belts of the Earth (ERB): theory of their origin, spatial and temporal dynamics, and experimental and statistical models. 5. Galactic cosmic rays (GCR): variations of energetic, temporal and spatial characteristics, long-term modulation, and anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) component, modeling oftheir dynamics. 6. Production of energetic particles (SEPs) at/ne ar the Sun: available databases, acceleration, propagation, and prediction of individual SEP event, statistical models of solar cosmic rays (SCR). 7. Existing empirical techniques of estimating, prediction and modeling of radiation hazard, methodical approaches and constraints, some questions of changes in the Earth's radiation environment due to changes of the solar activity level. 8. Unresolved problems of radiation hazard prediction and spacecraft protection, radiation experiments on board the spacecraft, estimating of radiation conditions during interplanetary missions. Space does not allow us to explain every time the solar-terrestrial and radiation physics nomencIature used in current English-language literature.
Download or read book Radiation Safety During Space Flights written by V. G. Bobkov and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Radiation and the International Space Station written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-25 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major objective of the International Space Station is learning how to cope with the inherent risks of human spaceflightâ€"how to live and work in space for extended periods. The construction of the station itself provides the first opportunity for doing so. Prominent among the challenges associated with ISS construction is the large amount of time that astronauts will be spending doing extravehicular activity (EVA), or "space walks." EVAs from the space shuttle have been extraordinarily successful, most notably the on-orbit repair of the Hubble Space Telescope. But the number of hours of EVA for ISS construction exceeds that of the Hubble repair mission by orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the ISS orbit has nearly twice the inclination to Earth's equator as Hubble's orbit, so it spends part of every 90-minute circumnavigation at high latitudes, where Earth's magnetic field is less effective at shielding impinging radiation. This means that astronauts sweeping through these regions will be considerably more vulnerable to dangerous doses of energetic particles from a sudden solar eruption. Radiation and the International Space Station estimates that the likelihood of having a potentially dangerous solar event during an EVA is indeed very high. This report recommends steps that can be taken immediately, and over the next several years, to provide adequate warning so that the astronauts can be directed to take protective cover inside the ISS or shuttle. The near-term actions include programmatic and operational ways to take advantage of the multiagency assets that currently monitor and forecast space weather, and ways to improve the in situ measurements and the predictive power of current models.
