Download or read book Race and Ethnicity in the Juvenile and Criminal Justice Systems written by Jennifer Peck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades, the racial and ethnic composition of the United States has changed dramatically. This seismic transformation has important implications for theory, research, policy, and public opinion – perhaps most crucially around the topic of race/ethnicity and our justice systems. Recent national events – from Ferguson, to ferocious public debate about racism, to media depictions of police violence – have reawakened the tense question of race relations in the 21st century. This edited collection of research aims to highlight contemporary issues surrounding the overrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities throughout both the juvenile and adult criminal justice systems. Our contributors cover both formal sources of social control (e.g. police, courts, correction facilities) and perceptions and public opinions of the relationship between race/ethnicity and offending behaviors. As the intellectual sphere ignites with fresh debate, old questions redefined and new ones asked, this publication provides innovative insight into how race and ethnicity interconnect with all aspects of criminology and criminal justice. Furthermore it helps encourage directions for future research, practice, and public policy. This book was originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Crime and Justice.
Download or read book Race and Ethnicity in the Juvenile Justice System written by Tina L. Freiburger and published by . This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race and Ethnicity in the Juvenile Justice System provides a comprehensive empirical examination of the role of race and ethnicity in the juvenile court. Using empirical research as a foundation, the authors examine how race and ethnicity influence multiple decision points for youth entering the juvenile system including arrest, referral, petition, pre-adjudication release, adjudication, and disposition. The authors ground the decision-making in a separate chapter that exclusively focuses on theories that can be used to explain the role of race and ethnicity in juvenile justice processing. Additionally, there is an examination of how community factors differentially impact decision-making based on the race/ethnicity of youth, the role of race/ethnicity in the practice of transferring youth to adult court, and how race influences juveniles' perceptions of police and the juvenile system. Also, the authors empirically examine the role of race/ethnicity on the processing of status offenders and how it influences female involvement in delinquency. In framing all of these salient issues in the proper context, the authors provide a historical analysis on the role of race in development of the juvenile court system and how different races were treated both before and after the juvenile court's implementation. The underlying theme of the text is that all races/ethnicities of youth were not initially served by or meant to benefit from the juvenile court. Therefore, the continuing racial and ethnic disparities currently observed in the system can be traced to the pre-juvenile court era.
Download or read book Our Children Their Children written by Darnell F. Hawkins and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Our Children, Their Children, a prominent team of researchers argues that a second-rate and increasingly punitive juvenile justice system is allowed to persist because most people believe it is designed for children in other ethnic and socioeconomic groups. While public opinion, laws, and social policies that convey distinctions between "our children" and "their children" may seem to conflict with the American ideal of blind justice, they are hardly at odds with patterns of group differentiation and inequality that have characterized much of American history. Our Children, Their Children provides a state-of-the-science examination of racial and ethnic disparities in the American juvenile justice system. Here, contributors document the precise magnitude of these disparities, seek to determine their causes, and propose potential solutions. In addition to race and ethnicity, contributors also look at the effects on juvenile justice of suburban sprawl, the impact of family and neighborhood, bias in postarrest decisions, and mental health issues. Assessing the implications of these differences for public policy initiatives and legal reforms, this volume is the first critical summary of what is known and unknown in this important area of social research.
Download or read book Juvenile Crime Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.
Download or read book The Handbook of Race Ethnicity Crime and Justice written by Ramiro Martinez, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-06-08 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook presents current and future studies on the changing dynamics of the role of immigrants and the impact of immigration, across the United States and industrialized and developing nations. It covers the changing dynamics of race, ethnicity, and immigration, and discusses how it all contributes to variations in crime, policing, and the overall justice system. Through acknowledging that some groups, especially people of color, are disproportionately influenced more than others in the case of criminal justice reactions, the “War on Drugs”, and hate crimes; this Handbook introduces the importance of studying race and crime so as to better understand it. It does so by recommending that researchers concentrate on ethnic diversity in a national and international context in order to broaden their demographic and expand their understanding of how to attain global change. Featuring contributions from top experts in the field, The Handbook of Race and Crime is presented in five sections—An Overview of Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice; Theoretical Perspectives on Race and Crime; Race, Gender, and the Justice System; Gender and Crime; and Race, Gender and Comparative Criminology. Each section of the book addresses a key area of research, summarizes findings or shortcomings whenever possible, and provides new results relevant to race/crime and justice. Every contribution is written by a top expert in the field and based on the latest research. With a sharp focus on contemporary race, ethnicity, crime, and justice studies, The Handbook of Race and Crime is the ideal reference for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students, and scholars interested in the disciplines such as Criminology, Race and Ethnicity, Race and the Justice System, and the Sociology of Race.
Download or read book Race Ethnicity Crime and Justice written by Matthew B. Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The second edition of Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice presents the latest research on studies of race, ethnicity, and justice practices at the juvenile and adult levels. With a focus on intersectionality, the text shows how these extralegal factors interact with others to help understand outcomes such as disparities in excessive use of force by the police and court sentencing, as well as disproportionate minority confinement in corrections. Designed to be brief yet thorough, the text covers the most important issues related to race and ethnicity as they pertain to the law, crime and delinquency, policing, courts, and corrections. Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice is highly readable and classroom friendly while also making a meaningful contribution to the literature on the topic"--
Download or read book And Justice for Some written by Eileen Poe-Yamagata and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The over-representation of minorities, particularly African Amer., in the nation¿s prisons has received much attention in recent years. However, the disproportionate representation of racial/ethnic groups is not limited to adult prisons and jails. It is also found among youth confined in secure juvenile facilities. Since many data systems fail to disaggregate ethnicity from race, Latino youth are often counted as ¿White.¿ As a result, data on the extent to which minority populations are over-represented in the juvenile justice system are generally underreported in the analysis of this issue. This report presents several sources of data and utilizes both original and previously published analysis. Tables and graphs.
Download or read book Disproportionate Minority Contact and Racism in the US written by Paul R. Ketchum and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2022-02-15 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) refers to the proportional overrepresentation of minority youth at each step of the juvenile justice system. This book addresses the issue of color-blind racism through an examination of the circular logic used by the juvenile justice system to criminalize non-White youth. Drawing on original data, including interviews with court and probation officers and juvenile self-reports, the authors call for a need to understand racial and ethnic inequality in the juvenile justice system from a structural perspective rather than simply at the level of individual bias. This unique research will contribute to larger discussions on how race operates in the United States.
Download or read book Race Ethnicity Crime and Justice written by Akwasi Owusu-Bempah and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-09-24 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race, Ethnicity, Crime, and Justice: An International Dilemma, Second Edition, takes a unique comparative approach to the exploration of race- and ethnicity-related justice issues in five countries around the world. Using the colonial model as a theoretical lens, Owusu-Bempah and Gabbidon analyse data from Great Britain, the United States, Canada, Australia, and South Africa. These international case studies help students contextualize race and justice issues within and across nations. Concise historical framing illuminates today’s racial dynamics in these diverse justice systems, and accessible theory grounds the comparison of crime and justice data from the early 21st century with current statistics. A new concluding chapter revisits the question of where these nations fit in the global context of state and non-state actors and of ethnic and racial justice issues. This new edition is suitable for use as a core or supplemental text for advanced undergraduates and early graduate courses on race and crime, minorities and criminal justice, diversity in criminal justice, and comparative justice systems. It is also appropriate for use in sociology and ethnic studies courses that focus on race and crime.
Download or read book Race and Crime written by Helen Taylor Greene and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2011-04-18 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race and Crime: A Text Reader includes a collection of recent articles on race and crime published in a number of leading criminal justice journals, along with original textual material that serves to explain and unify the readings. Through discussion of selected articles, numerous topics are explored, including the historical, social, economic and political contexts of race and crime, such as class, gender, comparative perspectives, justice issues, theories and statistics.
Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.
Download or read book Race and Crime written by Shaun L. Gabbidon and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2015-09-11 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by two of the most prominent criminologists in the field, Race and Crime, Fourth Edition examines how racial and ethnic groups intersect with the U.S. criminal justice system. Award winning authors Shaun L. Gabbidon and Helen Taylor Greene provide students with the latest data and research on White, Black, Hispanic/Latino, Asian-American, and Native American intersections with the criminal justice system. Rich with several timely topics such as biosocial theory, violent victimizations, police bias, and immigration policing, the Fourth Edition continues to investigate modern-day issues relevant to understanding race/ethnicity and crime in the United States. A thought-provoking discussion of contemporary issues is uniquely balanced with an historical context to offer students a panoramic perspective on race and crime. Accessible and reader friendly, this comprehensive text shows students how race and ethnicity have mattered and continue to matter in the administration of justice.
Download or read book Minorities and the Juvenile Justice System written by Carl E. Pope and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Race Ethnicity Crime and Criminal Justice in the Americas written by A. Kalunta-Crumpton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines race, ethnicity, crime and criminal justice in the Americas and moves beyond the traditional focus on North America to incorporate societies in Central America, South America and the Caribbean.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Race and Crime written by Helen Taylor Greene and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2009-04-14 with total page 1025 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The organization of the reader′s guide—especially the groupings of landmark cases, race riots, and criminology theories—is impressive ... Other related titles lack the breadth, detail, and accessibility of this work ... Recommended for all libraries; essential for comprehensive social studies collections." —Library Journal As seen almost daily on local and national news, race historically and presently figures prominently in crime and justice reporting within the United States, in the areas of hate crimes, racial profiling, sentencing disparities, wrongful convictions, felon disenfranchisement, political prisoners, juveniles and the death penalty, and culturally specific delinquency prevention programs. The Encyclopedia of Race and Crime covers issues in both historical and contemporary context, with information on race and ethnicity and their impact on crime and the administration of justice. These two volumes offer a greater appreciation for the similar historical experiences of varied racial and ethnic groups and illustrate how race and ethnicity has mattered and continues to matter in the administration of American criminal justice. Key Features Covers a number of broad thematic areas: basic concepts and theories of criminal justice; the police, courts, and corrections; juvenile justice; public policy; the media; organizations; specific groups and populations; and specific cases and biographies Addresses such topics as gender, hate/bias crimes, immigrant experiences, international and cross-cultural issues, race and gangs, and race and law, Presents experiences of all major racial and ethnic groups in the U.S., including Asians, Blacks, Latinos, Native Americans, and Ethnic Whites, as well as religious minorities, such as Muslims Includes coverage of recent incidents like the alleged rape of a black female North Carolina Central University student by white male members of the Duke University Lacrosse Team;, the Jena 6 incident; the Tulia, Texas drug arrests; the Rodney King beating; the O. J. Simpson trials in the 1990s; and more recent racial profiling incidents Two appendices provide information on locating and interpreting statistical data on race and crime, as well as detailed instructions on how to access statistical data on the web for such specific areas as arrests, drugs, gang membership, hate crimes, homicide trends, juvenile justice, prison populations, racial profiling, the death penalty, and victimization Because the topic of race and crime is of wide interest and relevance, entries in this Encyclopedia are written in an accessible style to appeal to a broad audience, making it a welcome addition to academic and public libraries alike.
Download or read book Juvenile Delinquency in American Society written by Wendi Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2016-12-31 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Juvenile Delinquency in American Society: Race, Class, and Politics examines juvenile delinquency and the juvenile justice system as they are influenced by matters of race and ethnicity. Rooted in current research, the book explores how race and racism play a role in which youth are arrested, which are adjudicated delinquents in juvenile courts, and which end up in residential facilities, juvenile detention centers, or adult prisons. The content is organized into four primary units covering the historical context of race, theories of race and delinquency, the social context of race and delinquency, and current issues in juvenile justice. Specific topics include the impact of race on the social construction of adolescence, measures and correlates of delinquency, social process, life course, and critical theories, the school-to-prison pipeline, and corrections and punishment in the modern era. With its thoughtful exploration of a critical issue, Juvenile Delinquency in American Society is designed to serve as a primary text in college and university courses in criminal justice and juvenile justice. It can also be used to provide in-service training for professionals at all levels within the juvenile justice system. James Windell has worked for many years as a court clinical psychologist. He is an adjunct faculty member of criminal justice at Wayne State University and a lecturer at Oakland University, both in Michigan. Windell is the author of The American Criminal Justice System and Looking Back in Crime. Abu Mboka holds a Ph.D. from Arizona State University and worked for several years at a juvenile corrections facility where he was assigned to violent offenders, sex offenders, and substance abusers. Dr. Mboka is now an associate professor of criminal justice at California State University, Stanislaus.
Download or read book Race Ethnicity and Crime written by Dianne Williams and published by Algora Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Melting pot or tossed salad? the U.S. criminal justice system may prove to be fueling intolerance rather than enabling society to accommodate racial and ethnic differences. This fresh new textbook to balance theory and the real world, addressing topics relating to race, ethnicity, criminality and criminalization, looking at the criminal justice system, the media, and the death penalty. In addition to information on crime and incarceration rates, White-collar crime, and the "typical criminal," the discussion of minorities and public perceptions is set within a broader context including the issues of terrorism and human trafficking, where race and ethnicity are also vital to public perceptions. the manual is designed for junior colleges and four year colleges, including those offering distance-learning courses. It is a thought-provoking combination of facts and questions. the pedagogical focus is on collaborative, problem-based learning, with foundational support for the development of critical thinking and analytical skills.
