Download or read book Quartz Crystal Resonators and Oscillators For Frequency Control and Timing Applications A Tutorial Revision written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subjects covered include: applications of frequency standards; types of oscillators (quartz and atomic); quartz resonator properties; quartz growing, sweeping, and material characteristics; Q and its significance; resonator and oscillator stability, including aging, short-term instability, frequency vs. temperature characteristics, oscillator circuit caused instabilities, frequency vs. drive level effects, acceleration effects, the effect of shock, and radiation effects; emerging technologies; atomic frequency standards; comparison of the major oscillator types; oscillator specifications and selection guidelines; time and timekeeping; clock errors; relativistic time; time transfer; time and frequency subsystem; and other applications of quartz resonators. The goal of this document is to assist in presenting to the nonspecialist the most frequently encountered concepts in frequency control and timing.
Download or read book Quartz Crystal Resonators and Oscillators for Frequency Control and Timing Applications A Tutorial Revision 5 2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subjects covered include: applications of frequency standards; types of oscillators (quartz and atomic); quartz resonator properties; quartz growing, sweeping, and material characteristics; Q and its significance; resonator and oscillator stability, including aging, short-term instability, frequency vs. temperature characteristics, oscillator circuit caused instabilities, frequency vs. drive level effects, acceleration effects, the effect of shock, and radiation effects; emerging technologies; atomic frequency standards; comparison of the major oscillator types; oscillator specifications and selection guidelines; time and timekeeping; clock errors; relativistic time; time transfer; time and frequency subsystem; and other applications of quartz resonators. The goal of this document is to assist in presenting to the nonspecialist the most frequently encountered concepts in frequency control and timing. The document originated as a set of hard copies of presentation visuals (i.e., vugraphs).
Download or read book Quartz Crystal Resonators and Oscillators for Frequency Control and Timing Applications written by John R. Vig and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Subjects covered include: applications of frequency standards; types of oscillators (quartz and atomic); quartz resonator properties; quartz growing, sweeping, and material characteristics; Q and its significance; resonator and oscillator stability, including aging, short-term instability, frequency vs. temperature characteristics, oscillator circuit caused instabilities, frequency vs. drive level effects, acceleration effects, the effect of shock, and radiation effects; emerging technologies; atomic frequency standards; comparison of the major oscillator types; oscillator specifications and selection guidelines; time and timekeeping; clock errors; relativistic time; time transfer; time and frequency subsystem; and other applications of quartz resonators. The goal of this document is to assist in presenting to the nonspecialist the most frequently encountered concepts in frequency control and timing. The document originated as a set of hard copies of presentation visual graphs(i.e., vugraphs) ... Quartz, Quartz crystal, Quartz resonator, Quartz oscillator, Resonator, Oscillator, Stability, Aging, Allan variance, Phase noise, Frequency control, Frequency standard, Clock, Time, Timekeeping, Atomic frequency standard, Rubidium standard, Cesium standard, Atomic resonator, Radiation effects, Vibration effects.
Download or read book Understanding Quartz Crystals and Oscillators written by Ramon M. Cerda and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2014-05-01 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quartz, unique in its chemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, is used as a frequency control element in applications where stability of frequency is an absolute necessity. Without crystal controlled transmission, radio and television would not be possible in their present form. The quartz crystals allow the individual channels in communication systems to be spaced closer together to make better use of one of most precious resources -- wireless bandwidth. This book describes the characteristics of the art of crystal oscillator design, including how to specify and select crystal oscillators. While presenting various varieties of crystal oscillators, this resource also provides you with useful MathCad and Genesys simulations.
Download or read book Crystal Resonator Oscillator Test Facility and Test Results written by V. J. Rosati and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary mission of the Frequency Control and Timing Branch of the U.S. Army Electronics Technology and Devices Laboratory is to advance the state of the art in quartz crystal resonators and oscillators in order to meet the requirements of military users. Secondary missions include consultative support to project managers and systems designers and the maintenance of the military specifications for quartz crystal resonators and crystal oscillators. In the course of fulfilling the above missions and activities, comprehensive test facilities have been established at ETDL for quartz crystal resonators and oscillators. The purpose of this paper is to outline the capabilities of the laboratory, present the results of some investigations, and offer to DOD-sponsored users our assistance with the testing, selection, specification and development, when necessary, of crystal oscillators. (Author).
Download or read book Precision Frequency Control Oscillators and standards written by Eduard A Gerber and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Ultra compact and Low power Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator Design for Precision timing Applications written by Jaehyun Lim and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis proposes and demonstrates an ultra-compact and low-power oven controlled crystal oscillator (OCXO) design for use in precision-timing applications. In the last decade, the rapid growth of wireless applications has led to an increasing demand for highly accurate and stable reference clock sources for data communication. Quartz crystal resonators are the most common devices used to generate frequencies in order to control and manage the systems. Among the various types of crystal oscillators, OCXOs have superior frequency stability. However, a typical OCXO package includes not only a metal block, but also multiple PCBs for the resonator, oscillator circuitry, and temperature sensitive components, the combination of which results in a large package size and a long warm-up time. An SC-cut crystal, which is considerably more expensive than an AT-cut crystal, is generally used as the resonator. In addition, power consumption of these OCXOs is very high. Despite the excellent frequency characteristics of OCXOs, these drawbacks prevent their use in small mobile or battery-powered devices. To overcome the limitations of conventional OCXOs, we present a new design of miniature OCXO on a single CMOS chip. The object of this project is to design an ultra-compact and low-power precision OCXO. All the main components of an OCXO such as an oscillator, a temperature sensor, a heater, and temperature-control circuitry are integrated on a single CMOS chip. The OCXO package size can be reduced significantly with this design, since the resonator does not require a separate package and most of the circuitry is integrated on a single CMOS chip. Other characteristics such as power consumption and warm-up time are also improved. Two different types of quartz resonators, an AT-cut Tab Mesa type quartz crystal and a frame enclosed resonator (FER) allowed the miniaturization of the OCXO structure. Neither of these two quartz resonator types requires a separate package inside the oven structure; therefore, they can each be directly integrated with the custom-designed CMOS chip. The miniature OCXO achieved a frequency stability of "0.35 ppm with an AT-cut Tab Mesa type quartz crystal in the temperature range of 0 °C to 60 °C. The maximum power consumption of this miniature OCXO was 1.2 W at start-up and 303 mW at steady state. The warm-up time to reach the steady state was 190 seconds. These results of the proposed design are better than or comparable to high-frequency commercial OCXOs. Polyimide flexible circuit boards and anisotropic conductive film bonding techniques were also investigated for further optimization.
Download or read book Introduction to Quartz Frequency Standards written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fundamentals of quartz frequency standards are reviewed. The subjects discussed include: crystal resonators and oscillators, oscillator types, and the characteristics arid limitations of temperature-compensated crystal oscillators (TCXO) and oven-controlled crystal oscillators (OCXO). The oscillator instabilities discussed include: aging, noise, frequency vs. temperature, warmup, acceleration effects, magnetic field effects, atmospheric pressure effects, radiation effects, and interactions among the various effects. Guidelines are provided for oscillator comparison and selection. Discussions of specifications are also included, as are references and suggestions for further reading. Oscillator, clock, frequency standard, frequency control, frequency stability, time, timing devices, quartz, quartz crystal, quartz oscillator, atomic clock, atomic frequency standard, stability, aging, noise, phase noise.
Download or read book Quartz Resonators and Oscillators written by Paul Vigoureux and published by . This book was released on 1931 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Features of Different Frequency Generating Systems Due to the Use of Electrodeless Rigidly Mounted BVA Quartz Crystal Resonator written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Design and production data of BVA quartz crystal resonators and oscillators have been presented in the past at the Frequency Control Symposium. [1,2,3,4]. The BVA 5 MHz crystal equipped frequency sources exhibit a new blend of remarkable performances such as 10-11 daily stability,5x10-13 short term stability (1 to 30 s time intervals) and close to the carrier low phase noise (1 Hz : -120 dBc, 10 Hz : -140 dBc), whereby retaining the customary crystal oscillator benefits of small volume, high reliability and low price, as opposed to more sophisticated frequency generators which would be required to achieve comparable performances. Examples illustrating the impact of the Oscilloquartz BVA OCXO in different frequency generating systems will be presented : -in cesium frequency standards - in a hydrogen frequency standard -in a precision distribution sub-system for satellite ground stations - in high hierarchy exchanges of digital networks, synchronized by the master-slave method.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Cities and Their Vital Systems written by Advisory Committee on Technology and Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 1298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cities and Their Vital Systems asks basic questions about the longevity, utility, and nature of urban infrastructures; analyzes how they grow, interact, and change; and asks how, when, and at what cost they should be replaced. Among the topics discussed are problems arising from increasing air travel and airport congestion; the adequacy of water supplies and waste treatment; the impact of new technologies on construction; urban real estate values; and the field of "telematics," the combination of computers and telecommunications that makes money machines and national newspapers possible.
Download or read book Quartz Crystal Oscillator Circuits Design Handbook written by D. Firth and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The object of this handbook is to assemble a set of design methods for crystal oscillators in the frequency range of 1 KC to 200 MC with the aim of facilitating design, eliminating crystal unit misapplications, and reducing design costs. The handbook is not directed at the design of ultra-stable crystal oscillators, but rather at the non-temperature controlled, medium frequency stability oscillator commonly in use in many types of communications equipment. The handbook contains discussions of: (1) The electrical characteristics of crystal units, condition of usage, and methods of measurement. (2) Characteristics of tube and transistor amplifiers. (3) Characteristics of impedance transforming networks. (4) Detailed design information on series resonance and anti-resonance oscillators. (5) Design examples together with experimental evaluation data covering most of the 1 KC to 200 MC range. (Author).
Download or read book Introduction to Microelectromechanical Microwave Systems written by Héctor J. de los Santos and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2004 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation The second edition covers the latest in fabrication technologies, actuation mechanisms, packaging, switching, resonator design, and microwave and wireless applications. This practical book steers readers past the drawbacks and towards the benefits of integrating RF/microwave MEMS into communications equipment
Download or read book The 22nd Annual Precise Time and Time Interval PTTI Applications and Planning Meeting written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sensors Mechanical Sensors written by Wolfgang Göpel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-20 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Sensors' is the first self-contained series to deal with the wholearea of sensors. It describes general aspects, technical andphysical fundamentals, construction, function, applications anddevelopments of the various types of sensors. This volume contains the physical and technical fundamentals ofmechanical sensors, and contains and assesses the various types ofsensors for particular applications. Of interest to engineers,physicists, chemists and others involved in sensor technology.
Download or read book An Introduction to Modern Timekeeping and Time Transfer written by Parameswar Banerjee and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive, systematic description of modern timekeeping and its specializations. Introductory chapters discuss the concept of time and its definition, then briefly look at pre-Atomic Era timekeeping to set the stage for the introduction of the atomic clock. Subsequent chapters focus on concepts such as frequency stability and measurement uncertainty, as well as computer network time-synchronization protocols including Network Time Protocol (NTP) and Precise Time Protocol (PTP). The book then delves into the nuts and bolts of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer, and Optical Time and Frequency Transfer. Timescale theory is then described as a way to combine clock data, and the algorithms and procedures used to generate Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) are given. Finally, there is a look at modern applications of timekeeping and time transfer. Featuring a glossary of all key terms, this book is highly recommended for trained or incoming physicists, engineers, or mathematicians working, for example, in manufacturing or timing laboratories. Additionally, it is suitable for use in introductory university courses dealing with the subject of timekeeping.
