Download or read book Quantifying Biodiversity Trends in Time and Space written by Angelika C. Studeny and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measuring Biological Diversity written by Anne E. Magurran and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This accessible and timely book provides a comprehensive overview of how to measure biodiversity. The book highlights new developments, including innovative approaches to measuring taxonomic distinctness and estimating species richness, and evaluates these alongside traditional methods such as species abundance distributions, and diversity and evenness statistics. Helps the reader quantify and interpret patterns of ecological diversity, focusing on the measurement and estimation of species richness and abundance. Explores the concept of ecological diversity, bringing new perspectives to a field beset by contradictory views and advice. Discussion spans issues such as the meaning of community in the context of ecological diversity, scales of diversity and distribution of diversity among taxa Highlights advances in measurement paying particular attention to new techniques such as species richness estimation, application of measures of diversity to conservation and environmental management and addressing sampling issues Includes worked examples of key methods in helping people to understand the techniques and use available computer packages more effectively
Download or read book Biological Diversity written by Anne E. Magurran and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up to date review of the methods of measuring and assessing biological diversity, together with their application.
Download or read book Ecological Methods written by Peter A. Henderson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-03 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 4th edition of this classic Ecology text Computational methods have largely been replaced by descriptions of the available software Includes procedure information for R software and other freely available software systems Now includes web references for equipment, software and detailed methodologies
Download or read book Biodiversity in Time and Space written by Roberto Cazzolla Gatti and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of biodiversity is essential for the understanding of the complex phenomena upon which biological sciences are based. This book aims to be an updated and advanced source of the theoretical and practical aspects related to biological diversity suitable for graduated and Ph.D. students. This text seeks to open the doors to the study of biodiversity and its interconnections with ecology, evolution, economy and anthropogenic impacts starting from students to university teachers and researchers. The approach adopted embraces a comprehensive vision of biodiversity and introduces theoretical and practical information that can help to conduct rigorous studies, without omitting the space-temporal component in the analysis of a subject that merges ecological and evolutionary sciences. The novelty of the ideas presented in this book is underlined by the McArthur Fellowship winner and renowned complex systems biologist, Stuart A. Kauffman, who gifted the foreword of this publication by his scientific story. During the academic semesters of Biology, Natural Sciences, Forestry and Environmental Sciences, the discussions related to the evolutionary patterns and the analysis of biodiversity is based upon complex arguments with a few and often quite old reference textbooks. This book provides the most updated review of the literature concerning both the theoretical and practical study of biodiversity and offers new ideas for a better understanding of the proposed concepts. The degrees theses and scientific papers on this subject are increasing, but literature research is often conducted referring to outdated texts whose explanations of sometimes complex topics such as the evolution of ecological niches, the speciation and extinction patterns, the calculation of diversity indices, the estimation of accumulation and rarefaction curves, etc. are even more complicated. This book provides different empirical approaches to the study of biodiversity and applied examples to better link and understand the theoretical background. Moreover, it is accompanied by graphical schematizations, figures and insights that can easily simplify most of the difficult issues related to this developing science. This book, along with presenting an updated overview of the most useful and rigorous indices, measures, plots and graphical representations to monitor, analyse, and calculate biodiversity, provides an extended theoretical background. The parallel theoretical and practical approach of this proposed book can be useful at any user level: for graduate students to better understand complex concepts with concrete examples and graphics; for teachers to supply their students with updated and concrete notions that can be linked to a more theoretical basis; for researchers to use the data and information gathered by the application of the methods described in the book and to analyse and discuss the results obtained on the basis of the hypotheses furnished in the wide literature review, with the final aim of writing scientific reports about biodiversity research.
Download or read book Biotic Interactions in Recent and Fossil Benthic Communities written by Michael J.S. Tevesz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book YOUMARES 9 the Oceans Our Research Our Future written by Simon Jungblut and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book summarizes peer-reviewed articles and the abstracts of oral and poster presentations given during the YOUMARES 9 conference which took place in Oldenburg, Germany, in September 2018. The aims of this book are to summarize state-of-the-art knowledge in marine sciences and to inspire scientists of all career stages in the development of further research. These conferences are organized by and for young marine researchers. Qualified early-career researchers, who moderated topical sessions during the conference, contributed literature reviews on specific topics within their research field. .
Download or read book Palaeogeography and Palaeobiogeography Biodiversity in Space and Time written by Paul Upchurch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-10-24 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biogeography represents one of the most complex and challenging aspects of macroevolutionary research, requiring input from both the earth and life sciences. Palaeogeographic reconstruction is frequently carried out by researchers with backgrounds in geology and palaeontology, who are less likely to be familiar with the latest biogeographic techniq
Download or read book Monitoring Biodiversity written by William Lee Gaines and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biodiversity in a Rapidly Changing World written by Benjamin Baiser and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasions and extinctions have reorganized the earth's biota and altered biodiversity across all spatial scales. At the local scale, invasions have outpaced extinctions for many taxonomic groups. This suggests that food webs, which represent feeding interactions at the local scale, may be increasing in species richness. Importantly, the non-random addition and deletion of species has also altered the compositional similarity between regions or locales (beta diversity). The result is that spatially distinct assemblages have become more or less similar in species composition and abundance through the processes of biotic homogenization and biotic differentiation, respectively. In this dissertation, I addressed local scale interactions by exploring the influence of food web structure on invasion success in model food webs. I also quantified patterns of change in taxonomic and functional similarity across space and time to understand the effects of invasions and extinctions on large scale spatial patterns of diversity. I used a Lotka-Volterra food web model to develop predictions about how trophic structure influences invasion success (Chapter 1). I found that successful establishment in model food webs largely depends on the trophic level of the invader, due to interactions with adjacent trophic levels. My model makes four predictions that can be tested in natural or experimental communities; 1) invasion success of top predators will increase with greater diversity in native prey items, 2) basal invasion will be controlled by the number of native consumers, 3) invasive omnivore establishment will be controlled by diversity in the lowest trophic level of potential prey items, and 4) intermediate invasion success will be controlled by the diversity of native predators. I developed two methods that measure large scale spatial patterns of biodiversity. The dendrogram-based method, which quantifies change in taxonomic similarity, (Chapter 2) introduces three metrics that each describes a different aspect of change in taxonomic similarity as depicted by a dendrogram. This method is unique in that the spatial and historical affinities of assemblages are tracked through time providing insight into how evolutionary history and spatial dynamics influence patterns of homogenization. The utility of the dendrogram-based method was exemplified by the case study of the Hawaiian Island avifauna, which showed that between-island similarity in the historical time period follows the geologic history of the islands and the influence of prior extinction filters on the perceived homogenization of assemblages. The second method is a trait based method for quantifying change in functional similarity through time (Chapter 3). Simulations indicate that functional and taxonomic similarity are positively correlated as trait complementarity increases. Functional and taxonomic similarity are positively correlated for the breeding and foraging traits in bird assemblages at ten locales across the United States from 1968 to 2008. This relationship suggests a high level of trait complementarity among the breeding bird assemblages, but further empirical examples are necessary to determine the bounds of trait complementarity in real assemblages. The impact of humans on biodiversity is complex in that it involves measuring both taxonomic and functional attributes of communities across different spatial scales. Methods for elucidating anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function must take this into consideration when assessing impacts and developing conservation planning.
Download or read book Speciation and Patterns of Diversity written by Roger Butlin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-22 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diversity of species of plants and animals is the net result of the origin of new species by the splitting of existing lineages (speciation) and the loss of species through extinction. Why there are more species in some groups of organisms, in some places or at some times depends on the balance of these processes. This book explores the interaction between mechanisms and rates of speciation and these patterns of biological diversity, and is unusual in that it brings together the viewpoints of ecologists interested in the processes that generate patterns of diversity and evolutionary biologists who focus on mechanisms of speciation. It is intended to stimulate dialogue between these groups and so promote a more complete understanding of biological diversity.
Download or read book World Ocean Assessment written by Alan Simcock and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-17 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This United Nations report examines the current state of knowledge of the world's oceans, for policymakers, and provides a reference for marine science courses.
Download or read book Species Diversity in Space and Time written by Michael L. Rosenzweig and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1995-05-04 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity.
Download or read book From Assessing to Conserving Biodiversity written by Elena Casetta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-17 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book features essays written by philosophers, biologists, ecologists and conservation scientists facing the current biodiversity crisis. Despite increasing communication, accelerating policy and management responses, and notwithstanding improving ecosystem assessment and endangered species knowledge, conserving biodiversity continues to be more a concern than an accomplished task. Why is it so?The overexploitation of natural resources by our species is a frequently recognised factor, while the short-term economic interests of governments and stakeholders typically clash with the burdens that implementing conservation actions imply. But this is not the whole story. This book develops a different perspective on the problem by exploring the conceptual challenges and practical defiance posed by conserving biodiversity, namely: on the one hand, the difficulties in defining what biodiversity is and characterizing that “thing” to which the word ‘biodiversity’ refers to; on the other hand, the reasons why assessing biodiversity and putting in place effective conservation actions is arduous.
Download or read book The Theory of Ecological Communities MPB 57 written by Mark Vellend and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A plethora of different theories, models, and concepts make up the field of community ecology. Amid this vast body of work, is it possible to build one general theory of ecological communities? What other scientific areas might serve as a guiding framework? As it turns out, the core focus of community ecology—understanding patterns of diversity and composition of biological variants across space and time—is shared by evolutionary biology and its very coherent conceptual framework, population genetics theory. The Theory of Ecological Communities takes this as a starting point to pull together community ecology's various perspectives into a more unified whole. Mark Vellend builds a theory of ecological communities based on four overarching processes: selection among species, drift, dispersal, and speciation. These are analogues of the four central processes in population genetics theory—selection within species, drift, gene flow, and mutation—and together they subsume almost all of the many dozens of more specific models built to describe the dynamics of communities of interacting species. The result is a theory that allows the effects of many low-level processes, such as competition, facilitation, predation, disturbance, stress, succession, colonization, and local extinction to be understood as the underpinnings of high-level processes with widely applicable consequences for ecological communities. Reframing the numerous existing ideas in community ecology, The Theory of Ecological Communities provides a new way for thinking about biological composition and diversity.
Download or read book Thermal Adaptation written by Michael J. Angilletta Jr. and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-01-29 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature profoundly impacts both the phenotypes and distributions of organisms. These thermal effects exert strong selective pressures on behaviour, physiology and life history when environmental temperatures vary over space and time. Despite temperature's significance, progress toward a quantitative theory of thermal adaptation has lagged behind empirical descriptions of patterns and processes. In this book, the author draws on theory from the more general discipline of evolutionary ecology to establish a framework for interpreting empirical studies of thermal biology. This novel synthesis of theoretical and empirical work generates new insights about the process of thermal adaptation and points the way towards a more general theory. The threat of rapid climatic change on a global scale provides a stark reminder of the challenges that remain for thermal biologists and adds a sense of urgency to this book's mission. Thermal Adaptation will benefit anyone who seeks to understand the relationship between environmental variation and phenotypic evolution. The book focuses on quantitative evolutionary models at the individual, population and community levels, and successfully integrates this theory with modern empirical approaches. By providing a synthetic overview of evolutionary thermal biology, this accessible text will appeal to both graduate students and established researchers in the fields of comparative, ecological, and evolutionary physiology. It will also interest the broader audience of professional ecologists and evolutionary biologists who require a comprehensive review of this topic, as well as those researchers working on the applied problems of regional and global climate change.
Download or read book Measuring Plant Diversity written by Thomas J. Stohlgren and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is a thorough presentation and critique of the sampling approaches, designs and field techniques for measuring plant diversity. Ecologists interested in assessing landscapes and ecosystems must measure biomass, cover, and the density or frequency of various key species. Recently, sampling designs for measuring species richness and diversity, patterns of plant diversity, species-environment relationships, and species distributions have become finer-grained, as it has become increasingly important to accurately map and assess rare species for conservation. This book lays out the range of current methods for mapping and measuring species diversity, for field ecologists, resource managers, conservation biologists, and students, as a tool kit for future field measurements of plant diversity.
