Download or read book Quantifying Adhesive Interactions Between Cells and Extracellular Matrix by Single cell Force Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions of cells with their environment regulate important cellular functions and are required for the organization of cells into tissues and complex organisms. These interactions involve different types of adhesion receptors. Interactions with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are mainly mediated by the integrin family of adhesion molecules. Situations in which integrin-ECM interactions are deregulated cause diseases and play a crucial role in cancer cell invasion. Thus, the mechanisms underlying integrin-binding and regulation are of high interest, particularly at the molecular level. How can cell-ECM interactions be studied? While there are several methods to analyze cell adhesion, few provide quantitative data on adhesion forces. One group, single-cell force spectroscopy �ΕΠ�� ξραλϟζεζδπ αγϝδπζμλ αϟ ϟϝδ πζλϛιδ�ϐδιι ιδσδι αλγ ϐαλ ϟϝδοδεμοδ γζεεδοδλϟζαϟδ ϟϝδ αγϝδπζσδ νομνδοϟζδπ με ζλγζσζγραι ϐδιιπ� Μλδ ζκνιδκδλϟαϟζμλ με Π�ΕΠ ζπ βαπδγ μλ αϟμκζϐ εμοϐδ κζϐομπϐμνυ �ΑΕΚ�· ϟϝζπ ϟδϐϝλζξρδ ϝαπ βδδλ δκνιμυδγ ζλ ϟϝδ νοδπδλϟδγ ςμοθ� Αγσαλϟαϛδμρπιυ ΑΕΚ�Π�ΕΠ ϐμκβζλδπ ϝζϛϝ ϟδκνμοαι αλγ πναϟζαι ϐδιι καλζνριαϟζμλ� ϟϝδ αβζιζϟυ ϟμ κδαπροδ α ιαοϛδ οαλϛδ με αγϝδπζμλ εμοϐδπ αλγ πρεεζϐζδλϟιυ ϝζϛϝ�εμοϐδ οδπμιρϟζμλ ϟμ αιιμς ϟϝδ πϟργυ με πζλϛιδ�κμιδϐριδ βζλγζλϛ δσδλϟπ ζλ ϟϝδ ϐμλϟδτϟ με α ιζσζλϛ ϐδιι� Πζλϐδ ζλγζσζγραι αγϝδπζμλ οδϐδνϟμοπ ϐαλ βδ αλαιυφδγ ςζϟϝζλ ϟϝδζο νϝυπζμιμϛζϐαι δλσζομλκδλϟ� ΑΕΚ�Π�ΕΠ ζπ α νμςδοερι ϟμμι ϟμ πϟργυ ϟϝδ κδϐϝαλζπκπ ρλγδοιυζλϛ ζλϟδϛοζλ�οδϛριαϟζμλ� Ϟϝδ νοδπδλϟδγ ςμοθ ζπ πνιζϟ ζλϟμ πζτ ϐϝανϟδοπ� �ϝανϟδο μλδ ϛζσδπ βαϐθϛομρλγ ζλεμοκαϟζμλ αβμρϟ ϐδιι�Δ�Κ ζλϟδοαϐϟζμλπ� Ζλ ϐϝανϟδο ϟςμ� γζεεδοδλϟ αγϝδπζμλ αππαυπ αοδ ϐμκναοδγ αλγ ϐμλϟοαπϟδγ� Ϟϝδ ϟϝδμοδϟζϐαι Βδιι�Δσαλπ κμγδι ςϝζϐϝ ζπ ρπδγ ϟμ ζλϟδονοδϟ ζλϟδϛοζλ�κδγζαϟδγ ϐδιι αγϝδπζμλ ζπ γζπϐρππδγ ζλ ϐϝανϟδο ϟϝοδδ� Ϟϝδοδαεϟδο� ϟϝδ ϟϝοδδ νομηδϐϟπ ϟϝαϟ εμοκ ϟϝδ ϐμοδ με ϟϝδ ϟϝδπζπ αοδ γδϟαζιδγ ζλ ϐϝανϟδοπ εμρο ϟϝομρϛϝ πζτ� Ζλ ϟϝδ εζοπϟ νομηδϐϟ �ϐϝανϟδο ʹ�� �ł“�ø»�ζλϟδϛοζλ κδγζαϟδγ ϐδιι αγϝδπζμλ ϟμ ϐμιιαϛδλ ϟυνδ Ζ� ϟϝδ κμπ�

Download or read book Quantifying Adhesive Interactions Between Cells and Extracellular Matrix by Single Cell Force Spectroscopy written by Anna Verena Taubenberger and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quantifying Cell Ecm Adhesion by Single Cell Force Spectroscopy written by Anna Taubenberger and published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG. This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrin-mediated adhesive interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate important cellular functions and play a critical role in disease. Therefore, studying the mechanisms underlying integrin-binding and regulation is of great interest. In the presented work three respective biological questions have been addressed using Atomic Force Microscopy based Single Cell Force Spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS). The work is split into six chapters. The first chapter provides an introduction into cell-ECM interactions. Thereafter different adhesion assays are compared and contrasted, and the theoretical Bell-Evans model is discussed. In chapter four, alpha2beta1-integrin mediated cell adhesion to collagen I is quantified. Thereafter the effects of the exposure of cryptic integrin binding sites within collagen I on pre-osteoblasts are analysed. At last, the role of BCR/ABL in modulating myeloid progenitor cell adhesion to stromal cells and ECM-coated substrates is studied. Taken together, the work demonstrates that AFM-SCFS is a versatile tool that permits monitoring of cell adhesion from single-molecule recognition events to the formation of more complex adhesion sites.

Download or read book Single Cell Force Spectroscopy for Quantification of Cellular Adhesion on Surfaces written by Wayne B Christenson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell adhesion is an important aspect of many biological processes. The atomic force microscope (AFM) has made it possible to quantify the forces involved in cellular adhesion using a technique called single cell force spectroscopy (SCFS). AFM based SCFS offers versatile control over experimental conditions for probing directly the interaction between specific cell types and specific proteins, surfaces, or other cells. Transmembrane integrins are the primary proteins involved in cellular adhesion to the extra cellular matix (ECM). One of the chief integrins involved in the adhesion of leukocyte cells is alphaMbeta2 (Mac-1). The experiments in this dissertation quantify the adhesion of Mac-1 expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK Mac-1), platelets, and neutrophils cells on substrates with different concentrations of fibrinogen and on fibrin gels and multi-layered fibrinogen coated fibrin gels. It was shown that multi-layered fibrinogen reduces the adhesion force of these cells considerably. A novel method was developed as part of this research combining total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) with SCFS allowing for optical microscopy of HEK Mac-1 cells interacting with bovine serum albumin (BSA) coated glass after interacting with multi-layered fibrinogen. HEK Mac-1 cells are able to remove fibrinogen molecules from the multi-layered fibrinogen matrix. An analysis methodology for quantifying the kinetic parameters of integrin-ligand interactions from SCFS experiments is proposed, and the kinetic parameters of the Mac-1 fibrinogen bond are quantified. Additional SCFS experiments quantify the adhesion of macrophages and HEK Mac-1 cells on functionalized glass surfaces and normal glass surfaces. Both cell types show highest adhesion on a novel functionalized glass surface that was prepared to induce macrophage fusion. These experiments demonstrate the versatility of AFM based SCFS, and how it can be applied to address many questions in cellular biology offering quantitative insights.

Download or read book Adhesive Interactions in Normal and Transformed Cells written by Yury A. Rovensky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adhesive Interactions in Normal and Transformed Cells describes the basic mechanisms of the ability of tissue cells to attach to each other and to the extracellular matrix. These adhesive interactions are pivotal regulators of main cellular functions, such as proliferation, survival and migration. The adhesive interactions are involved in embryonic development, regeneration, and also in inflammation and degeneration processes, which are at the basis of many diseases. Serious alterations in cell adhesion caused by the oncogenic transformation play a key role in cancer invasion and metastasis. This volume provides comprehensive information about structural, mechanistic and signaling aspects of adhesive interactions in both normal and cancer cells in comparison. Integration of such aspects of the adhesive process as structure, relation to cell systems of receptors and cytoskeleton, function, signaling pathways, and the alterations in tumor cells constitutes the strongest point of this work. The results of the long-time author’s research are included in the book. The author was one of pioneers, who used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the cell surface morphology of normal cultured cells and the cells underwent the oncogenic transformation, processes of their attachment to and spreading on the surfaces of a solid substratum, and also surprising ability of the cells to respond to various geometric configurations of the substrata surfaces. Adhesive Interactions in Normal and Transformed Cells has both biological and medical aspects and, therefore, it can be interesting not only for cell biologists, developmental biologists and cancer researchers, but also for physicians. It is intended for researchers, postdocs, undergraduate and graduate students.

Download or read book The Adhesive Interaction of Cells written by David Garrod and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-03-31 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of "The Adhesive Interaction of Cells" has been to assemble a series of reviews by leading international experts embracing many of the most important recent developments in this rapidly expanding field. The purpose of all biological research is to understand the form and function of living organisms and, by comprehending the normal, to find explanations and remedies for the abnormal and for disease conditions. The molecules involved in cell adhesion are of fundamental importance to the structure and function of all multicellular organisms. In this book, the contributors focus on the systems of vertebrates, especially mammals, since these are most relevant to human disease. It would have been equally possible to concentrate on developmental processes and adhesion in lower organisms. A major function of adhesion molecules is to bind cells to each other or to the extracellular matrix, but they are much more than "glue". Adhesions in animal tissues must be dynamic-forming, persisting, or declining in regulated fashion- to facilitate the mobility and turnover of tissue cells. Moreover, the majority of adhesion molecules are transmembrane molecules and thus provide links between the cells and their surroundings. This gives rise to another major function of adhesion molecules, the capacity to transduce signals across the hydrophobic barrier imposed by the plasma membrane. Such signal transduction is crucially important to many aspects of cellular function including the regulation of cell motility, gene expression, and differentiation. The work in this book progresses through four sections. Part I discusses the four major families of adhesion molecules themselves, the integrins (Green and Humphries), the cadherins (Stappert and Kemler), the selectins (Tedder et al.) and the immunoglobulin superfamily (Simmons); part 2 considers junctional complexes involved in cell interactions: focal adhesions and adherens junctions (Ben Ze'ev), desmosomes (Garrod et al.), and tight junctions (Citi and Cordenonsi). The signaling role of adhesion molecules is the focus of part 3, through integrins and the extracellular matrix (Edwards and Streuli), through platelet adhesion (Du and Ginsberg), and in the nervous system (Hemperley). In part 4, the aim is to show how adhesive phenomena contribute to important aspects of cell behavior and human health. Leukocyte trafficking (Haskard et al.), cancer metastasis (Marshall and Hart), cell migration (Paleck et al.), and implantation and placentation (Damsky et al.) are the topics considered in depth. The different sections are, of course, not mutually exclusive: it is both undesirable and impossible to separate structure from function when considering cell adhesion. Each chapter has its unique features, but some overlap is both invevitable and valuable since it provides different perspectives on closely related topics. We hope that the whole contributes a valuable and stimulating consideration of this important topic.

Download or read book Methods in Cell Matrix Adhesion written by Josephine Adams and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2002-06-12 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critically acclaimed for more than 25 years, the Methods in Cell Biology series provides an indispensable tool for the researcher. Each volume is carefully edited by experts to contain state-of-the-art reviews and step-by-step protocols. Techniques are described completely so that methods are made accessible to users. This volume, Methods of Cell-Matrix Adhesion, contains integrated coverage on cell-matrix adhesion methods. It brings the classical methodologies and the latest techniques together in one concise volume. This coverage includes experimental protocols and their conceptual background for all aspects of cell-matrix adhesion research: the extracellular matrix, adhesion receptors, and the growing number of functional applications of matrix-adhesion in molecular cell biology. Also covered is the purification of the extracellular matrix to functional analyses of cellular responses.

Download or read book Surface and Interfacial Aspects of Cell Adhesion written by Alain Carre and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-01-19 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell adhesion comes into play in almost all domains of life. The range of situations in which it occurs, involving organisms, living tissues, microorganisms or single cells, is endless. Cell adhesion is involved in the binding of a cell to a surface, extracellular matrix, or another cell using cell adhesion molecules. It is crucial in the formation

Download or read book Cellular Analysis by Atomic Force Microscopy written by Malgorzata Lekka and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-06 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite substantial evidence showing the feasibility of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to identify cells with altered elastic and adhesive properties, the use of this technique as a complementary diagnostic method remains controversial. This book is designed to be a practical textbook that teaches how to assess the mechanical characteristics of living, individual cells by AFM. Following a step-by-step approach, it introduces the methodology of measurements in the case of both determination of elastic properties and quantification of adhesive properties.

Download or read book Single Cell Analysis written by Tuhin Subhra Santra and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-06-02 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cells are the most fundamental building block of all living organisms. The investigation of any type of disease mechanism and its progression still remains challenging due to cellular heterogeneity characteristics and physiological state of cells in a given population. The bulk measurement of millions of cells together can provide some general information on cells, but it cannot evolve the cellular heterogeneity and molecular dynamics in a certain cell population. Compared to this bulk or the average measurement of a large number of cells together, single-cell analysis can provide detailed information on each cell, which could assist in developing an understanding of the specific biological context of cells, such as tumor progression or issues around stem cells. Single-cell omics can provide valuable information about functional mutation and a copy number of variations of cells. Information from single-cell investigations can help to produce a better understanding of intracellular interactions and environmental responses of cellular organelles, which can be beneficial for therapeutics development and diagnostics purposes. This Special Issue is inviting articles related to single-cell analysis and its advantages, limitations, and future prospects regarding health benefits.

Download or read book Open Space Microfluidics written by Emmanuel Delamarche and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizing the latest trends and the current state of this research field, this up-to-date book discusses in detail techniques to perform localized alterations on surfaces with great flexibility, including microfluidic probes, multifunctional nanopipettes and various surface patterning techniques, such as dip pen nanolithography. These techniques are also put in perspective in terms of applications and how they can be transformative of numerous (bio)chemical processes involving surfaces. The editors are from IBM Zurich, the pioneers and pacesetters in the field at the forefront of research in this new and rapidly expanding area.

Download or read book Force Spectroscopy to Understand Cell Surface Receptor Interactions in the Immune System written by Joost Riet and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the invention of the atomic force microscope (AFM) in 1986, the application of the instrument has shifted from a pure physicist’s tool to a useful instrument for physicists, chemists and biologists. The AFM is not a classical microscope in the sense that light or electrons are used to obtain an image, it is rather a mechanical microscope. The imaging is purely based on a physical probing of the surface topography by raster scanning (zigzag movements) of a sharp tip on a cantilever across the sample. Furthermore, the AFM can probe forces with ultra-high sensitivity by moving the cantilever in the vertical direction, which is especially interesting for biological applications. The probing of forces with AFM is known as AFM force spectroscopy. These AFM measurements can be performed under physiological conditions and make it possible to study dynamical processes, such as the adhesion of a living cell to an adjacent cell or the extracellular matrix, from the single cell to single molecular level. In the immune system diverse dynamical processes, such as the recognition of a pathogen by a dendritic cell (DC) or the transmigration of a leukocyte through the endothelium of a blood vessel, happen all the time throughout the human body. In the latter case during initial binding of these cells, bonds between different cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are formed. These interactions have to be highly dynamic to withstand forces induced by for example the blood flow. These CAM bonds associate and dissociate at rates that change considerably under conditions of cell stress. The combination of molecular cell biology and AFM single molecule force spectroscopy provides a powerful tool to explore the complexity of these cell adhesion processes. In this thesis, we explored the versatility of the AFM in the context of biomaterial science, nano-chemistry and cell biology. The high spatial resolution of the AFM was exploited to measure and manipulate samples at the nanoscale. Moreover, the high force sensitivity of the AFM was applied to measure adhesive properties of CAMs on cells and to address the two distinct adhesive regulation processes of a CAM: affinity and avidity.

Download or read book Physics of Cancer written by Claudia Mierke and published by Iph001. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised second edition is improved linguistically with multiple increases of the number of figures and the inclusion of several novel chapters such as actin filaments during matrix invasion, microtubuli during migration and matrix invasion, nuclear deformability during migration and matrix invasion, and the active role of the tumor stroma in regulating cell invasion.

Download or read book Analyzing Interactions Between Cells And Extracellular Matrix By Atomic Force Microscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) have important roles in various physiological and pathological processes, including tissue morphogenesis during embryonic development, wound healing and tumor invasion. Although most of the proteins involved in cell-ECM interactions have been identified, the underlying mechanisms and involved signaling pathways are incompletely understood. Here, atomic force microscope-based imaging and single-cell force measurements were used to characterize the interactions of different cell types with ECM proteins. The interplay between cells and ECM is complex. However, two interaction types, protein-protein and protein-carbohydrate, predominate. Integrins, adhesion receptors for ECM, mediate the former, galectins, a family of animal lectins, the latter. In the second chapter of this thesis, the contributions of both receptor families to the interactions of epithelial MDCK cells with ECM proteins are presented. It was found that galectins-3 and 9 are highly expressed in MDCK cells and required for optimal long-term adhesion (90 minutes) to ECM proteins collagen-I and laminin-111. Interestingly, early adhesion (

Download or read book Cell Adhesion Molecules written by Martin E. Hemler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fourth Annual Pezcoller Symposium entitled Adhesion Molecules: Cellular Recognition Mechanisms was held in Rovereto, Italy, June 24-26, 1992 and was focussed on the detailed mechanisms whereby cells utilize certain integral membrane proteins to perceive their surrounding environment and interact with it. With timely presentations and stimulating discussions this Symposium addressed the genetics and biochemistry of adhesion molecules, the regulation of their functions and their role in cancer and the immune system. Emphasis was given to adhesion proteins in the integrin family because of the widespread distribution of this group of molecules and its important role in essentially all eukaryotic biological systems. The regulation of integrin genes and their expression are discussed in detail, as are specific aspects of the genetics of fibronectin. The molecular basis for the regulation of certain integrins, the function of these proteins in determining cell adhesion, and the consequences of this adhesion for the function of the cells involved are discussed. The role of certain integrins in stimulating signal transduction, the essential involvement of integrins in conditioning the function of T and NK cells function, the heterogeneity of integrins and its biological consequences, and the role of cell adhesion molecules in tumor cells invasion and metastases are all extensively analyzed. New information was presented on the role of CD44 and splice variants in normal differentiation and tumor progression.

Download or read book Cellular Adhesion written by Brian W. Metcalf and published by Springer. This book was released on 1994-07-31 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume focuses on recent developments in our understanding of selected adhesion processes that may offer new approaches to developing therapeutics for a variety ofdiseases. The volume first introduces the molecules involved in key adhesive processes, then describes the biological consequences of several adhe­ sive interactions, and closes with a description of the initial therapeutic ap­ proaches to antagonizing. adhesion. These papers were originally presented at the SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals Seventh U. S. Research Symposium held in Philadelphia in October of 1992. ofacell to asurface. In its simplestsense, cellularadhesion is the adherence The cells of interest in the context of this volume are bacterial and mammalian, with an emphasis on leukocytes; surfaces can be other cells and tissues (such as bone), matrix proteins, or inanimate objects such as in-dwelling medical devices and catheters. Interaction between adhesion molecules usually results in a spe­ cific biological response. Adhesion is a form ofcellularcommunication, and represents the way a cell senses its environment through contact. Like hormones and cytokines, the sol­ uble mediators used by cells for communication, adhesion molecules are defined molecular entities that recognize specific receptor structures on the surface to which they adhere. Recent activity has focused on defining the structure of the individual molecules responsible for many types ofcellularadhesion. New adhe­ sion proteins are being cloned with the help of specific antibodies and precise functional assays.

Download or read book Cell Adhesion written by Mary C. Beckerle and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell adhesion plays a central role in development and disease. Cell adhesion to particular ligands can affect cytoskeletal organization and cell polarity, cell proliferation, and gene expression. This book is divided into two parts. The first section provides a discussion of the structure and function of the seven major classes of cell adhesion molecules: integrins, cadherins, selectins, heparan sulfate proteoglycans, the immunoglobulin superfamily, the ADAMs proteins, and transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatases. The roles of these cell adhesion proteins in important processes such as cell mediated immunity, development and disease are discussed. In the second section, the molecular organization and function of junctional complexes, regions of the cell surface that are highly specialized for cell adhesion, are examined. Junctional complexes are now known to mediate adhesive interactions and contribute to transmembrane signaling events that dramatically influence cell behaviour. The biochemical organization of the adhesive membranes and the molecular mechanisms by which they transmit information to the cell are addressed. Written by contributors among the most prominent in the field, Cell Adhesion covers a wide range of topics in a single volume. It will be a great resource for students, teachers and researchers.