Download or read book Quantification of Cracks in Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks written by Saikrishna Ganapuram and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cracking in reinforced concrete bridge decks is a widespread concern in the United States. Many concrete bridge decks, regardless to the age of construction, have shown different levels and patterns of cracking. Not only does cracking of bridge decks weaken the bridge infrastructure, but also allows the inflow of corrosive agents into the reinforcement, regardless of the bridge design type, length of spans, deck thickness and concrete mixture designs. Increased cracking of concrete bridge decks all over the world poses a threat to life as well as prove extremely expensive for repair and maintenance. Thus, precautions must be taken in order to avoid and restrict bridge deck cracking, one of which is inspection of the bridge at regular intervals. The Ohio Department of Transportation's current procedure for bridge inspection offers only a qualitative assessment of the bridges inspected. In this study, a method was developed for the quantification of crack densities for twelve bridges in District 3. Two types of bridges were inspected: three structural slab bridge decks and nine stringer supported bridge decks. Crack densities for each bridge were determined based on crack maps corresponding to the surveys for each bridge deck. Results indicated that structural slab bridge decks have slightly higher shrinkage crack densities compared to the bridge decks constructed with stringer supports. However, the "structural" cracks seem to be wider than shrinkage cracks for structural slabs (greater than 0.007 inch). Particularly on bridge ASD-42-0656, which is a continuous slab bridge, there were several large "structural" cracks that were parallel to the pier beams supports. The shrinkage crack densities of the twelve bridge decks determined in this study were considerably lower than the crack densities of similar bridge decks located in other states, demonstrating that Ohio bridge decks in general have lower crack density than those in other states. The shrinkage crack densities of the bridges constructed with QC/QA type of concrete have lower values than the bridges made with other types of concrete. Also, the crack widths were determined at certain key locations and were compared with theoretical values. The measured crack widths are much larger compared to the corresponding theoretical crack widths. This is a reason for concern.

Download or read book Quantification of Cracks in Concrete Bridge Decks in Ohio District 3 written by Sai Ganapuram and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of cracks in reinforced bridge decks is a critical problem, not only in Ohio state, but the whole of United States. Many bridge decks constructed within the last 10 years in Ohio have already shown varying levels and patterns of cracking. Bridge deck cracking is a serious issue because cracks allow harmful and corrosive chemicals to penetrate the concrete and deteriorate the reinforcing steel embedded in it, regardless of the bridge design type, length of spans, deck thickness and concrete mixture designs. Proper precautions need to be taken to avoid rapid deterioration of the bridges which can lead to increased maintenance costs and the need for possible replacement. The Ohio Department of Transportation's current procedure for bridge inspection requires periodic surveying of the whole bridge. However, this inspection procedure offers only a qualitative assessment of the bridges inspected. In this study, a quantitative measurement strategy was adopted by measuring the crack densities of twelve bridges in District 3. Two types of bridges were inspected: three structural slab bridge decks and nine stringer supported bridge decks. Crack densities were determined based on crack maps corresponding to the surveys for each bridge deck. The crack densities determined for the twelve bridge decks indicated that structural slab bridge decks have slightly higher shrinkage crack densities compared to the bridge decks constructed with stringer supports. However, the "structural" cracks seem to be wider for structural slabs (greater than 0.007 inch). Particularly on bridge ASD-42-0656, which is a continuous slab bridge, there were several large "structural" cracks that were parallel to the intermediate supports. These cracks were very wide (much greater than 0.007 inch). The shrinkage crack densities of the twelve bridge decks determined in this study were considerably lower than the crack densities of similar bridge decks located in other states, demonstrating that Ohio bridge decks in general have lower crack density than those in other states. The shrinkage crack densities of the bridges constructed with QC/QA type of concrete have lower values than the bridges made with other types of concrete.

Download or read book CIGOS 2021 Emerging Technologies and Applications for Green Infrastructure written by Cuong Ha-Minh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-28 with total page 1861 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the key role of green infrastructure (GI) in providing natural and ecosystem solutions, helping alleviate many of the environmental, social, and economic problems caused by rapid urbanization. The book gathers the emerging technologies and applications in various disciplines involving geotechnics, civil engineering, and structures, which are presented in numerous high-quality papers by worldwide researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and entrepreneurs at the 6th CIGOS event, 2021. Moreover, by sharing knowledge and experiences around emerging GI technologies and policy issues, the book aims at encouraging adoption of GI technologies as well as building capacity for implementing GI practices at all scales. This book is useful for researchers and professionals in designing, building, and managing sustainable buildings and infrastructure.

Download or read book Nondestructive Testing to Identify Concrete Bridge Deck Deterioration written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2013 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " TRB's second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) Report S2-R06A-RR-1: Nondestructive Testing to Identify Concrete Bridge Deck Deterioration identifies nondestructive testing technologies for detecting and characterizing common forms of deterioration in concrete bridge decks.The report also documents the validation of promising technologies, and grades and ranks the technologies based on results of the validations.The main product of this project will be an electronic repository for practitioners, known as the NDToolbox, which will provide information regarding recommended technologies for the detection of a particular deterioration. " -- publisher's description.

Download or read book Deterioration Analysis of a 37 Year Old Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck written by Mark A. Heckenmueller and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cracks in Concrete Bridge Decks written by D. Campbell-Allen and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Comparison of Crack Performance of Structural Slab Bridge Decks with Stringer Supported Bridge Decks written by Michael A. Adams and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of several cracks on reinforced concrete bridge decks is a serious, growing problem that not only affects the state of Ohio, but also the United States as a whole. Many bridge decks constructed within the last 10 years in Ohio have already shown varying levels and patterns of cracking. Regardless of the bridge design type, length of the spans, deck thickness, and concrete mixture designs, cracks will develop on reinforced concrete bridge decks. Bridge deck cracking is a critical issue because cracks allow harmful and corrosive chemicals to penetrate the concrete and deteriorate the reinforcing steel that is embedded in the concrete. If proper precautions and steps are not taken, then this could lead to rapid deterioration leading to costly maintenance problems and need for possible replacement. The Ohio Department of Transportation's current bridge inspection procedure requires periodic inspections of the whole bridge. ODOT's inspection procedure only offers a qualitative assessment of the bridge and does not give a quantitative measurement of the bridge deck cracking. The primary objective of this report was to evaluate the cracking performance of structural slab bridge decks and compare with that of bridges constructed with stringer supports in the ODOT's District 3. Extensive crack surveys were completed for six bridge decks, three structural slab supported bridges and three stinger supported bridges. Crack densities were then determined based on the crack maps corresponding to the surveys for each bridge deck. These crack densities revealed that the structural slab supported bridge decks had a higher propensity for cracking than the bridge decks constructed using stringer supports. Also, since the six bridges surveyed have been constructed within the last two years, a definitive relationship between the age of the bridge and the cracking performance of the bridge deck is not yet evident.

Download or read book Analysis of Bridge Deck Cracking Data written by David L. Rettner and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cracking of the concrete decks on newly constructed bridges in Minnesota has become a significant concern. Since 2005 MnDOT has been collecting bridge deck construction and early age cracking information on a "Bridge Deck Placement Data Form." The information collected has been entered into a database, along with early age crack surveys, concrete mix design information and concrete testing information. There currently is information on over 120 bridges stored in the database. Crack surveys were performed on 20 of the bridges contained in the database. A statistical analysis of the data, including the updated crack surveys, was performed to determine if there were any relationships between variables collected on the forms and crack frequency, type, or time of development. The analysis showed that, in general, the data collected was not sufficiently consistent to draw significant conclusions. A relationship for temperature restraint cracking for bridges with integral abutments was developed for lineal feet of cracking as a function of bridge deck age, water/cementitious material ratio, and total cementitious content. Recommendations were made for modifications to current construction practices and improving the uniformity of the data collected on the "Bridge Deck Placement Data Form" in the future, so that additional analysis could be performed with more consistent data.

Download or read book Cracking in Fully Reinforced Bridge Deck Overlays and PCC Tapered Approach Slabs written by Carl F. Stewart and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1984, the California Department of Transportation started a new concept for rehabilitating deicing salt damaged bridge decks. It consists of placing a fully reinforced (epoxy coated), full depth deck overlay on the existing deck. The new deck is tied to the old with reinforcing steel dowels grouted in predrilled holes along girder centerlines. When the original approach is PCC, tapered PCC approaches are installed. The construction is usually done in stages, with traffic using one portion of the deck while an overlay is being placed on another. Inordinate cracking occurred in some of the first 20 concrete placements. This report documents the extent of cracking and covers possible causes for the cracking in both these and subsequent placements. It also discusses the role traffic, weather and construction practices may have had.

Download or read book Investigation of Prestressed Reinforced Concrete for Highway Bridges written by W. A. Welsh and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Detection and Quantification of Cracks in Concrete Bridges Using Drone image Inspection written by Juan Camilo Avendãno and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Premature Cracking in Concrete Bridge Decks Using Finite Element Analysis written by Jordan T. Komp and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Control of Time dependent Transverse Cracking in Reinforced Concrete Bridge Decks written by Cathy Hsiang-Chen Chen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Cracking and Fatigue on Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck Durability written by James Anderson Young and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Field Monitoring of Shrinkage Cracking Potential in a High performance Bridge Deck written by Timothy Walkowich and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade many state engineers throughout New Jersey have reported cracking on High Performance Concrete (HPC) bridge decks at early ages. The presence of cracking early in the life of a high performance deck offsets the benefits gained in using the material as the potential for corrosion begins at the onset of cracking. While many factors apply to bridge deck cracking, the shrinkage of the concrete's mass is a primary concern. Because of shear studs and boundary conditions, among other causes that act in restraining the deck itself, it is important to understand the mechanics of concrete under restraint. The AASHTO Passive Ring Test (PP 34-06) is seeing an increase in use in studies analyzing restrained shrinkage. The test simulates a concrete member of infinite length and allows researchers to study the effects of various parameters on restrained shrinkage. This thesis presents the results of a study that analyzed the ring test's ability to simulate restrained shrinkage on HPC bridge decks. The investigation incorporated an instrumented, simply supported composite bridge deck with laboratory samples taken on the day of the pour as well as a finite element analysis. The results suggest the AASHTO Passive Ring Test simulates the restrained shrinkage of simply supported HPC decks reasonably well. Fewer than 1% of all cracking present on the ring specimens saw complete penetration through the sample with 80-90% of all cracking considered to be micro cracking. While the presence of several cracks along the bridge deck itself showed no correlation with the shrinkage ring specimens, finite element analysis suggests these cracks are a result of adjacent live load. Also, the findings of this study highlight the importance of following design in the field as well as the effect of live load on staged construction of HPC bridge decks.

Download or read book Cracking Behavior of Structural Slab Bridge Decks written by Anil Patnaik and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge deck cracking is a common problem throughout the United States, and it affects the durability and service life of concrete bridges. Several departments of transportation (DOTs) in the United States prefer using continuous three-span solid structural slab bridges without stringers over typical four-lane highways. Recent inspections of such bridges in Ohio revealed cracks as wide as 0.125 in. These measured crack widths are more than ten times the maximum limit recommended in ACI 224R-01 for bridge decks exposed to de-icing salts. Measurements using digital image correlation revealed that the cracks widened under truck loading, and in some cases, the cracks did not fully close after unloading. This dissertation includes details of an experimental investigation of the cracking behavior of structural concrete. Prism tests revealed that the concrete with epoxy-coated bars (ECB) develops the first crack at smaller loads, and develops larger crack widths compared to the corresponding specimens with uncoated (black) bars. Slab tests revealed that the slabs with longitudinal ECB developed first crack at smaller loads, exhibited wider cracks and a larger number of cracks, and failed at smaller ultimate loads compared to the corresponding test slabs with black bars. To develop a preventive measure, slabs with basalt and polypropylene fiber reinforced concrete were also included in the test program. These test slabs exhibited higher cracking loads, smaller crack widths, and higher ultimate loads at failure compared to the corresponding slab specimens without fibers. Merely satisfying the reinforcement spacing requirements given in AASHTO or ACI 318-11 is not adequate to limit cracking below the ACI 224R-01 recommended maximum limit, even though all the relevant design requirements are otherwise met. Addition of fiber to concrete without changing any steel reinforcing details is expected to reduce the severity and extent of cracking in reinforced concrete bridge decks.

Download or read book Cause and Control of Transverse Cracking in Concrete Bridge Decks written by M. Ala Saadeghvaziri and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many concrete bridge decks develop transverse cracking and most of these cracks develop at early ages, some right after construction and some after the bridge has been opened to traffic for a period of time. Structural design factors have not been the subject of much research in the past and they were the main thrust of this research study. Using 2-D and 3-D linear and nonlinear finite element models many design factors such as girder stiffness, deck thickness, girder spacing, relative stiffness of deck to girder, amount of reinforcements, etc., were studied. The research study also included a comprehensive review of the existing literature as well as survey of 24 bridges in the state of New Jersey. Results of each research task are presented and discussed in detail. Furthermore, based on analytical results and literature review, the effect of various factors are quantified and specific recommendations for possible consideration in design are made.