Download or read book The Process of Question Answering written by Wendy G. Lehnert and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1978, The Process of Question Answering examines a phenomenon that relies on many realms of human cognition: language comprehension, memory retrieval, and language generation. Problems in computational question answering assume a new perspective when question answering is viewed as a problem in natural language processing. A theory of human question answering must necessarily entail a theory of human memory organization and theories of the cognitive processes that access and manipulate information in memory. This book describes question answering as a particular task in information processing. The theoretical models described here have been built on a formulation of general theories in natural language processing: theories about language that were developed without the specific problem of question answering in mind. By requiring programmers to be concerned with the precise form of information in memory, and the precise operations manipulating that information, they can uncover significant problems that would otherwise be overlooked. An early insight into artificial intelligence, today this reissue can be enjoyed in its historical context.
Download or read book IJCAI written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 1018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book IJCAI 77 written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 774 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Software Rights written by Gerardo Con Daz and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-22 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new perspective on United States software development, seen through the patent battles that shaped our technological landscape This first comprehensive history of software patenting explores how patent law made software development the powerful industry that it is today. Historian Gerardo Con Díaz reveals how patent law has transformed the ways computing firms make, own, and profit from software. He shows that securing patent protection for computer programs has been a central concern among computer developers since the 1950s and traces how patents and copyrights became inseparable from software development in the Internet age. Software patents, he argues, facilitated the emergence of software as a product and a technology, enabled firms to challenge each other's place in the computing industry, and expanded the range of creations for which American intellectual property law provides protection. Powerful market forces, aggressive litigation strategies, and new cultures of computing usage and development transformed software into one of the most controversial technologies ever to encounter the American patent system.
Download or read book Computers Control Information Theory written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Indirect Speech Acts written by Nicolas Ruytenbeek and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-06-10 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To achieve successful communication, it is crucial to say clearly what we mean, but, at the same time, we need to pay attention to the form of our utterances, to avoid misunderstandings and the risk of offending our interlocutors. To avoid these pitfalls, we use a special category of utterances called 'indirect speech acts' (ISAs) that enable an optimal balance between clarity and politeness. But how do interpreters identify the meaning of these ISAs? And how does the social context influence the use of ISAs? This book attempts to answer these questions. It deals with the main theoretical and empirical questions surrounding the meaning and usage of ISAs, drawing on the latest research and neuroimaging data. Adopting a truly interdisciplinary perspective, it will appeal to students and scholars from diverse backgrounds, and anyone interested in exploring this phenomenon, which is so pervasive in our daily lives.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Communities of Computing written by Thomas J. Misa and published by Morgan & Claypool. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Communities of Computing is the first book-length history of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), founded in 1947 and with a membership today of 100,000 worldwide. It profiles ACM's notable SIGs, active chapters, and individual members, setting ACM's history into a rich social and political context. The book's 12 core chapters are organized into three thematic sections. "Defining the Discipline" examines the 1960s and 1970s when the field of computer science was taking form at the National Science Foundation, Stanford University, and through ACM's notable efforts in education and curriculum standards. "Broadening the Profession" looks outward into the wider society as ACM engaged with social and political issues - and as members struggled with balancing a focus on scientific issues and awareness of the wider world. Chapters examine the social turbulence surrounding the Vietnam War, debates about the women's movement, efforts for computing and community education, and international issues including professionalization and the Cold War. "Expanding Research Frontiers" profiles three areas of research activity where ACM members and ACM itself shaped notable advances in computing, including computer graphics, computer security, and hypertext. Featuring insightful profiles of notable ACM leaders, such as Edmund Berkeley, George Forsythe, Jean Sammet, Peter Denning, and Kelly Gotlieb, and honest assessments of controversial episodes, the volume deals with compelling and complex issues involving ACM and computing. It is not a narrow organizational history of ACM committees and SIGS, although much information about them is given. All chapters are original works of research. Many chapters draw on archival records of ACM's headquarters, ACM SIGs, and ACM leaders. This volume makes a permanent contribution to documenting the history of ACM and understanding its central role in the history of computing.
Download or read book Readings in Natural Language Processing written by Barbara J. Grosz and published by Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. This book was released on 1986 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Software Engineering written by M. N. Hoda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 711 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents selected proceedings of the annual convention of the Computer Society of India. Divided into 10 topical volumes, the proceedings present papers on state-of-the-art research, surveys, and succinct reviews. They cover diverse topics ranging from communications networks to big data analytics, and from system architecture to cyber security. This book focuses on Software Engineering, and informs readers about the state of the art in software engineering by gathering high-quality papers that represent the outcomes of consolidated research and innovations in Software Engineering and related areas. In addition to helping practitioners and researchers understand the chief issues involved in designing, developing, evolving and validating complex software systems, it provides comprehensive information on developing professional careers in Software Engineering. It also provides insights into various research issues such as software reliability, verification and validation, security and extensibility, as well as the latest concepts like component-based development, software process models, process-driven systems and human-computer collaborative systems.
Download or read book Thinking Computers and Virtual Persons written by Eric Dietrich and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking Computers and Virtual Persons: Essays on the Intentionality of Machines explains how computations are meaningful and how computers can be cognitive agents like humans. This book focuses on the concept that cognition is computation. Organized into four parts encompassing 13 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the analogy between intentionality and phlogiston, the 17th-century principle of burning. This text then examines the objection to computationalism that it cannot prevent arbitrary attributions of content to the various data structures and representations involved in a computational process. Other chapters consider that the notion of original intentionality is incoherent. This book argues as well that the only way to build an intelligent machine is to build a neural network. The final chapter claims that an entire theoretical framework in cognitive psychology is incompatible with the view that human brains are computers of some sort. This book is a valuable resource for cognitive scientists.
Download or read book Questions and Information Systems written by Thomas W. Lauer and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The design and functioning of an information system improve to the extent that the system can handle the questions people ask. Surprisingly, however, researchers in the cognitive, computer, and information sciences have not thoroughly examined the multitude of relationships between information systems and questions -- both question asking and answering. The purpose of this book is to explicitly examine these relationships. Chapter contributors believe that questions play a central role in the analysis, design, and use of different kinds of natural or artificial information systems such as human cognition, social interaction, communication networks, and intelligent tutoring systems. Their efforts show that data structures and representations need to be organized around the questioning mechanisms in order to achieve a quick retrieval of relevant useful information.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Digital Government written by Anttiroiko, Ari-Veikko and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2006-07-31 with total page 1916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing more than 250 articles, this three-volume set provides a broad basis for understanding issues, theories, and applications faced by public administrations and public organizations, as they strive for more effective government through the use of emerging technologies. This publication is an essential reference tool for academic, public, and private libraries.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1979-01-05 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to System Safety Engineering written by Nancy G. Leveson and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-11-14 with total page 697 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, up-to-date introduction to the foundations of classical safety engineering, with an emphasis on preparing for future challenges. Systems today are orders of magnitude more complex than in the past, and their complexity is increasing exponentially. Preventing accidents and losses in such systems requires a holistic perspective that can accommodate unprecedented types of technology and design. This textbook teaches the foundations of classical safety engineering while incorporating the principles of systems thinking and systems theory. Beginning with the framing and lessons of her classic text, Safeware, Nancy Leveson builds on established knowledge and brings the field up to date, challenging old approaches and introducing new ones. This essential book provides the core information required to build safety-critical systems today and in the future, including coverage of the historical and legal frameworks in which the field operates as well as discussions of risk, ethics, and policy implications. Presents cutting-edge concepts anticipating the safety challenges of the future alongside thorough treatment of historical practices and ideas Provides a comprehensive introduction to the foundations of safety engineering Covers accident analysis, hazard analysis, design for safety, human factors, management, and operations Incorporates extensive examples of real-world accidents and applications Ideal for students new to safety engineering as well as professionals looking to keep pace with a rapidly changing field
