Download or read book Quality Studies of the Data Taking Conditions for the Auger Fluorescence Detector written by A. Insolia and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As more than half of the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Auger Observatory is completed, data taking is becoming a routine job. It is then necessary to follow strict procedures to assure the quality of the data. An overview of the data taking methods is given. The nature of the FD background signal is due to the night sky brightness (stars and planet faint light, moonlight, twilight, airglow, zodiacal and artificial light) and to the electronic background (photomultiplier and electronic noise). The analysis of the fluctuations in the FADC signal (variance analysis), directly proportional to the background mean light level, performed for each night of data taking is used to monitor the FD background signal. The data quality is analyzed using different techniques, described in detail. Examples of trigger rates, number of stereo events, dead time due to moonlight, weather or hardware problems are given. The analysis comprises several months of data taking, giving an overview of the FD capabilities, performance and allowing a systematic study of data and their correlation with the environment.
Download or read book Pierre Auger Observatory written by Domenico D'Urso and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Performance of the fluorescence detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Jose A. Bellido and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluorescence detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory have been operating in a stable manner since January 2004. After a brief review of the physical characteristics of the detectors, the associated atmospheric monitoring, the calibration infrastructure and the detector aperture, we will describe the steps required for the reconstruction of fluorescence event data, with emphasis on the shower profile parameters and primary energy.
Download or read book Optical Relative Calibration and Stability Monitoring for the Auger Fluorescence Detector written by J. A. J. Matthews and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stability of the fluorescence telescopes of the Pierre Auger Observatory is monitored with the optical relative calibration setup. Optical fibers distribute light pulses to three different diffuser groups within the optical system. The total charge per pulse is measured for each pixel and compared with reference calibration measurements. This allows monitoring the short and long term stability with respect of the relative timing between pixels and the relative gain for each pixel. The designs of the LED calibration unit (LCU) and of the Xenon flash lamp used for relative calibration, are described and their capabilities to monitor the stability of the telescope performances are studied. We report the analysis of relative calibration data recorded during 2004. Fluctuations in the relative calibration constants provide a measure of the stability of the FD.
Download or read book Optical Properties and Calibration of the Pierre Auger Fluorescence Detector written by Lenka Tománková and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fluorescence and Hybrid Detection Aperture of the Pierre Auger Observatory written by F. Guarino and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aperture of the Fluorescence Detector (FD) of the Pierre Auger Observatory is evaluated from simulated events using different detector configurations: mono, stereo, 3-FD and 4-FD. The trigger efficiency has been modeled using shower profiles with ground impacts in the field of view of a single telescope and studying the trigger response (at the different levels) by that telescope and by its neighbors. In addition, analysis cuts imposed by event reconstruction have been applied. The hybrid aperture is then derived for the Auger final extension. Taking into account the actual Surface Detector (SD) array configuration and its trigger response, the aperture is also calculated for a typical configuration of the present phase.
Download or read book Air Fluorescence Studies at the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Sarah Clay and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Cosmic rays measured by the fluorescence detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory contain two large sources of error; the degree of scatter created by the atmosphere and the amount of Cherenkov contamination that has been recorded by a detector. When an event is viewed in stereo, these two sources of error can be accounted for directly by using the light profiles calculated by the two detectors. In this thesis accounting for the atmospheric scatter was explored by the use of a program called AerosolMin described in Chapter 5. This program could reconstruct the scattering parameters of the atmosphere by comparing the two profiles of the light produced by an air shower, as calculated by two detectors, as they should be identical in size. When using AerosolMin it was found that only the highest energy events ( > 10 [superscipt 20] eV ) could use this technique and that for the event that occurred at the GPS second of 799137161 a layer of fog was present that could not be accounted for with the simplistic atmospheric profile currently used by the reconstruction software. In Chapter 6 the Cherenkov profiles that had been miscalculated by a detector were replaced to increase the reconstruction statistics. The program that performed this replacement, FdCherenkovReplacer was most successful on events that had recorded a large amount of direct Cherenkov light. The event that occurred at the GPS second of 772256331 is explored in Chapter 7. The Coihueco detector that recorded this event was contaminated by direct Cherenkov light, but when replaced by FdCherenovReplacer it was found to have miscalculated the geometry of the event by 0.4 °." -- Abstract.
Download or read book The Absolute Relative and Multi Wavelength Calibration of the Pierre Auger Observatory Fluorescence Detectors written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Absolute calibration of the Pierre Auger Observatory fluorescence detectors uses a 375 nm light source at the telescope aperture. This end-to-end technique accounts for the combined effects of all detector components in a single measurement. The relative response has been measured at wavelengths of 320, 337, 355, 380 and 405 nm, defining a spectral response curve which has been normalized to the absolute calibration. Before and after each night of data taking a relative calibration of the phototubes is performed. This relative calibration is used to track both short and long term changes in the detector's response. A cross check of the calibration in some phototubes is performed using an independent laser technique. Overall uncertainties, current results and future plans are discussed.
Download or read book Lateral Width of Shower Image in the Auger Fluorescence Detector written by R. Engel and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of the lateral distribution of light in extensive air showers on the detection and reconstruction of shower profiles is investigated for the Auger fluorescence telescopes. Based on three-dimensional simulations, the capability of the Auger telescopes to measure the lateral distribution of light is evaluated. The ability to infer the actual lateral distribution is confirmed by the comparison of detailed simulations with real data. The contribution of pixels located far from the axis of the shower image is calculated and the accepted signal is rescaled in order to reconstruct a correct shower profile. The analysis presented here shows that: (a) the Auger telescopes are able to observe the lateral distribution of showers and (b) the energy corrections to account for the signal in outlying pixels can exceed 10%, depending on shower geometry.
Download or read book Catalysis written by G C Bond and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an increasing challenge for chemical industry and research institutions to find cost-efficient and environmentally sound methods of converting natural resources into fuels chemicals and energy. Catalysts are essential to these processes and the Catalysis Specialist Periodical Report series serves to highlight major developments in this area. This series provides systematic and detailed reviews of topics of interest to scientists and engineers in the catalysis field. The coverage includes all major areas of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis and also specific applications of catalysis such as NOx control kinetics and experimental techniques such as microcalorimetry. Each chapter is compiled by recognised experts within their specialist fields and provides a summary of the current literature. This series will be of interest to all those in academia and industry who need an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Catalysis will be of interest to anyone working in academia and industry that needs an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr
Download or read book Instruments and Methods for the Radio Detection of High Energy Cosmic Rays written by Frank Schröder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic rays consist of elementary particles with enormous energy which originate from outside our solar system and constantly hit the Earth’s atmosphere. Where do these cosmic rays originate? How does nature accelerate the cosmic-ray particles to energies with orders of magnitude beyond the limits of manmade particle accelerators? What can we learn by measuring the interactions of the cosmic rays with the atmosphere? Digital radio-antenna arrays offer a promising, complementary measurement method for high-energy cosmic rays. This thesis reports on substantial advances in the development of the radio technique, which will be used to address these questions in future experiments.
Download or read book Handbook of Particle Detection and Imaging written by Claus Grupen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-08 with total page 1251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The handbook centers on detection techniques in the field of particle physics, medical imaging and related subjects. It is structured into three parts. The first one is dealing with basic ideas of particle detectors, followed by applications of these devices in high energy physics and other fields. In the last part the large field of medical imaging using similar detection techniques is described. The different chapters of the book are written by world experts in their field. Clear instructions on the detection techniques and principles in terms of relevant operation parameters for scientists and graduate students are given.Detailed tables and diagrams will make this a very useful handbook for the application of these techniques in many different fields like physics, medicine, biology and other areas of natural science.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
Download or read book Texas in Tuscany written by R. Bandiera and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invaluable proceedings contains contributions from leading scientists in astrophysics, cosmology and related fields such as gravitation and elementary particles physics. It provides a general review of the status and the prospects of research in these fields for an audience of astrophysicists and physicists. The book includes both in depth reviews of various fields of relativistic astrophysics and shorter contributions on the latest results and developments in more specific areas. Some of the topics discussed are: physics of the early universe, cosmological parameters, formation of galaxies, black holes and compact objects, gravitational waves, cosmic rays, high energy radiation, dark matter, cosmic background, active galactic nuclei, supernovae and gravitational lensing.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in: OCo Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)"
Download or read book Surface Science Techniques written by J.M. Walls and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive and up to the minute review of the techniques used to determine the nature and composition of surfaces. Originally published as a special issue of the Pergamon journal Vacuum, it comprises a carefully edited collection of chapters written by specialists in each of the techniques and includes coverage of the electron and ion spectroscopies, as well as the atom-imaging methods such as the atom probe field ion microscope and the scanning tunnelling microscope. Surface science is an important area of study since the outermost surface layers play a crucial role in processses such as catalysis, adhesion, wear, and corrosion, with applications in metallurgy, thin films and surface coatings, the chemicals and polymer industries, and microelectronics, to name a few. This book covers those techniques used routinely for surface analysis as well as those employed for more fundamental scientific studies. It will be of interest to university research workers, graduate students and to industrial scientists solving practical problems.
Download or read book Cosmic Gamma Rays written by Floyd William Stecker and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmic gamma ray production processes, galactic and extragalactic gamma rays, and cosmology.
