Download or read book Some Antiviral and Antineoplastic Drugs and Other Pharmaceutical Agents written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2000 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluates the carcinogenic risks to humans posed by the use of four antiretroviral agents four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors used in the treatment of cancer and an additional three pharmaceutical agents (hydroxyures phenolphthalein and vitamin K substances). The volume marks the first IARC evaluation of nucleoside analogs that act as antiviral agents. The evaluation responds in part to recent findings that zidovudine (AZT) an effective antiretroviral agent now being given to pregnant HIV-infected women to prevent maternal-to-fetal transmission of the virus is a transplacental carcinogen in mice. The opening monograph evaluates the carcinogenicity to humans of the antiretroviral nucleoside analogs zidovudine (AZT) zalcitabine (ddC) and didanosine (ddI) and the antiherpesvirus drug aciclovir. Of these aciclovir and didanosine could not be classified on the basis of available data. For zidovudine transplacental administration to mice resulted in an increased incidence and multiplicity of lung and liver tumours and in an increased incidence of female reproductive tract tumours in one study but not in another involving treatment at a lower dose. Despite observation of toxic effects in some studies of humans human carcinogenicity data were judged to provide inadequate evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. Zidovudine was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Similar weaknesses in human carcinogenicity data for zalcitabine which consistently induces thymic lymphomas in mice resulted in its classification as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The second monograph evaluates four DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors: etoposide teniposide mitoxantrone and amsacrine. Of these etoposide - one of the most widely used and effective cytotoxic drugs in combination therapy - was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans and etoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin was judged to be carcinogenic to humans. Teniposide was classified as probably carcinogenic to humans and mitoxantrone and amsacrine were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Of the three pharmaceutical agents evaluated in the final monograph hydroxyurea which is widely used in cancer treatment and increasingly in combination with didanosine in HIV infection could not be classified. Phenolphthalein a widely used laxative now being withdrawn from the market in many countries because of toxicological concerns was classified as possibly carcinogenic. Vitamin K substances could not be classified on the basis of available evidence.

Download or read book The politics of vaccination written by Christine Holmberg and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. Mass vaccination campaigns are political projects that presume to protect individuals, communities, and societies. Like other pervasive expressions of state power - taxing, policing, conscripting - mass vaccination arouses anxiety in some people but sentiments of civic duty and shared solidarity in others. This collection of essays gives a comparative overview of vaccination at different times, in widely different places and under different types of political regime. Core themes in the chapters include immunisation as an element of state formation; citizens' articulation of seeing (or not seeing) their needs incorporated into public health practice; allegations that donors of development aid have too much influence on third-world health policies; and an ideological shift that regards vaccines more as profitable commodities than as essential tools of public health.

Download or read book Principles of Systems written by Jay W Forrester and published by . This book was released on 2021-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jay W. Forrester (1918 - 2016) was a pioneering American computer engineer and systems scientist. He was a professor at MIT and later at MIT Sloan School of Management. Forrester is credited with being one of the inventors of magnetic core memory, the creator of the first computer animation, and the father of the field of System Dynamics - a computer-aided approach for strategy and policy design. In Principles of Systems, Professor Forrester explains the basic principles behind system behavior. He introduces the concepts of structure and dynamic behavior that were first introduced in his prior books, Industrial Dynamics (1961) and Urban Dynamics (1971). Due to the general nature and wide applicability of the principles discussed, this book has been adopted by numerous colleges and universities as an introduction to teaching System Dynamics in many multidisciplinary courses on urban, environmental, corporate, and other complex social systems. The accompanying workbook also allows students to gauge their learning throughout the book. The book serves on its own as well as being a complement to other books on the nature of social systems. Professor Forrester wrote many widely known papers in engineering and management. In addition, his other books laid the foundations for the application of System Dynamics to the behavior of complex social systems: Industrial Dynamics, reprinted in 1999, originally published in 1961 Urban Dynamics, 1969 World Dynamics, Second Edition 1973, originally published in 1971 Collected Papers of Jay W. Forrester, 1975 These are available for purchase at www.systemdynamics.org.

Download or read book Trends in Vital Food and Control Engineering written by Ayman Hafiz Amer Eissa and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an example of a successful addition to the literature of bioengineering and processing control within the scientific world. The book is divided into twelve chapters covering: selected topics in food engineering, advances in food process engineering, food irradiation, food safety and quality, machine vision, control systems and economics processing. All chapters have been written by renowned professionals working in food engineering and related disciplines.

Download or read book Food Safety written by Steven Ricke and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-07-08 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food Safety: Emerging Issues, Technologies and Systems offers a systems approach to learning how to understand and address some of the major complex issues that have emerged in the food industry. The book is broad in coverage and provides a foundation for a practical understanding in food safety initiatives and safety rules, how to deal with whole-chain traceability issues, handling complex computer systems and data, foodborne pathogen detection, production and processing compliance issues, safety education, and more. Recent scientific industry developments are written by experts in the field and explained in a manner to improve awareness, education and communication of these issues. - Examines effective control measures and molecular techniques for understanding specific pathogens - Presents GFSI implementation concepts and issues to aid in implementation - Demonstrates how operation processes can achieve a specific level of microbial reduction in food - Offers tools for validating microbial data collected during processing to reduce or eliminate microorganisms in foods

Download or read book Advances in Food Traceability Techniques and Technologies written by Montserrat Espiñeira and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-06-18 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Food Traceability Techniques and Technologies: Improving Quality Throughout the Food Chain covers in detail a topic of great importance to both the food industry which is obliged to provide clear and accurate labeling of their products and the government and other organizations which are tasked with verification of claims of food quality and safety. The traceability of food products is becoming ever more important as globalization continues to increase the complexity of food chains. Coverage in the book includes the wide range of technologies and techniques which have been utilized in the tracing of food products. In addition, the ways in which the misuse of food traceability will affect the quality of food is also covered throughout. The first part of the book introduces the concept of traceability in the food industry, highlighting advantages of a robust traceability and the difficulties involved in implementing them. The second part looks at the technologies used to trace products, and the third section reviews the legal requirements for food traceability in the EU, the US, and the rest of the world. The final section contains a number of case studies which evaluate how food traceability has been successfully implemented in various foods focusing on the quality of the food. - Provides a wide ranging overview of all recent advances in food traceability techniques and technologies - Presents case studies covering when food traceability techniques have been applied to a range of food stuffs - Covers the legal aspects of food traceability in the EU, the USA, and around the world