Download or read book Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules Relevant to Combustion as Monitored by Photoionization Time of flight Mass Spectrometry written by Kevin Howard Weber and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flash pyrolysis coupled to molecular beam extraction and single photon ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry along with quantum chemical calculations are employed to study the pyrolysis of organic molecules with relevance to combustion processes. Branching ratios for the molecular elimination and bond fission pathways was achieved for ethyl and propyl iodides providing information about the nature of the mechanism with relation to chemical structure. Similarly, the decompositions of a series of alkyl methyl ethers, whose anti-knock ability in commercial fuels is attributed to the molecular elimination pathway, was investigated to examine the competition of primary and subsequent homolyses at higher temperatures, which tend to promote "knock". The isomerization/decomposition of isoprene was looked at in detail with special attention to the formation of soot precursor, most notably the "first ring" benzene. Cyclopentadiene and methylcyclopentadiene are known to be highly sooting fuels and were pyrolyzed to study the initial steps in aromatization. The pyrolysis of cyclohexene, cyclopentene, and 1,4-cyclohexadiene were conducted to facilitate interpretation of aromatic formation and to compare experimental results with well established mechanisms. Finally, the pyrolysis of methylcyclohexane, an important component some jet fuels, was studied.
Download or read book Thermal Decomposition of Molecules Relevant to Combustion and Chemical Vapor Deposition by Flash Pyrolysis Time of flight Mass Spectrometry written by Jessy Mario Lemieux and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flash pyrolysis coupled with vacuum-ultraviolet photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to study the thermal decomposition mechanisms of molecules relevant to fuel combustion and the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of SiGe, SiC, and GeC. For combustion research, the thermal decomposition of benzyl radical, n-alkanes C n H2n+2 (n = 5-8 and 10), 1-butyl radical, and 1-pentyl radical was performed. Benzyl was confirmed to decompose primarily by ejection of H atom after significant isomerization with loss of methyl observed as a minor decomposition pathway. Thermal decomposition of n-alkanes by C-C bond homolysis was directly observed with preferential fission of central C-C bonds. Methyl radical formation by homolysis of the [Alpha] C-C bond was observed to be the least significant C-C bond homolysis pathway. Decomposition of 1-butyl by [Beta]-scission to form ethene and ethyl radical was directly observed. Significant isomerization of 1-pentyl radicals by 1,4-H migration followed by [Beta]-scission was observed at temperatures below 900 K with direct [Beta]-scission of 1-pentyl becoming increasingly prevalent at higher temperatures. Gas phase CVD research included pyrolysis of SiH 4 /GeH4 mixture, tetramethylsilane, tetramethylgermane, and several methylchlorosilanes. Formation of highly unsaturated SiGeHz , Si2 GeHz , Si3 GeHz , SiGe2 H z , SiGe3 Hz and SiGe5 Hz clusters in the pyrolysis of a 1 to 1 SiH4 /GeH4 mixture by a silylene/germylene insertion mechanism was observed. The decomposition of tetramethylsilane and tetramethylgermane by Si-C bond homolysis was confirmed and newly observed secondary decomposition mechanisms were demonstrated. The decomposition of methyltrichlorosilane (MTS), an established SiC CVD precursor, was studied. Decomposition occurred primarily via Si-C bond homolysis at temperatures below 1350 K with elimination of CH 3 Cl to form SiCl2 becoming increasingly important as the pyrolysis temperature was increased. The mechanism of MTS decomposition was also compared to two other potential precursors, dimethyldichlorsilane and methyldichlorosilane.
Download or read book Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules written by Serban C. Moldoveanu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules: Applications to Health and Environmental Issues, Second Edition offers a systematic presentation of pyrolysis results for the main classes of non-polymeric organic molecules. It covers a large body of data published on pyrolysis, as well as numerous original contributions to the pyrolysis of compounds not previously studied. This thoroughly revised edition contains new results reported in the literature since the first edition published, including the generation of traces of toxic compounds in various pyrolytic processes; the pyrolysis in the presence of catalysts and solid supports such as alumina, silica, and non-inert metals; and pyrolysis of specific mixtures of compound such as amino acids plus carbohydrates. This new information regarding the pyrolysis of these mixtures has greatly improved the utility of the book, making Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules an essential resource for chemists and chemical engineers involved in processes related to pyrolysis, as well as toxicologists and environmentalists. Presents new information on the pyrolysis of specific compounds Includes data on the mechanisms and kinetics of pyrolytic processes Provides data on the influence of catalysts and solid supports on pyrolytic processes
Download or read book Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules written by Serban C. Moldoveanu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules with Applications to Health and Environmental Issues, the 28th volume in the Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry series, gives a systematic and comprehensive description of pyrolysis of non-polymeric organic molecules. Pyrolysis is involved in many practical applications as well as in many common human activities, but harmful compounds can be generated in the process. The study of pyrolysis and of the formation of undesirable compounds as a result of pyrolytic processes is of considerable interest to chemists, chemical engineers, and toxicologists. Pyrolysis results for compounds not previously studied or reported Updated information from a large body of results published on pyrolysis of individual compounds or classes of compounds Information on mechanisms and kinetics of numerous pyrolytic processes
Download or read book Quantitative Measurement of Pyrolysis and Combustion Species Concentration by Molecular beam sampling mass spectrometry written by Xian Zhong and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A molecular-beam-sampling apparatus utilizing both a time-of-flight mass spectrometer with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization and a quadrupole mass spectrometer with electron impact ionization is described. These systems are used to analyze reactants and products, as well as reactive intermediates, from flow tube experiments at reduced pressures and elevated temperatures. It is shown that the quadrupole signal sensitivity can be predicted using literature cross sections which are based upon the atom hybridization within the various molecules. Measurements of the VUV photoionization sensitivity for stable species led to development of a group additivity approach to predict cross sections. This approach was extended to reactive intermediates, and detailed comparisons of quadrupole and TOF data shows a very good agreement between the two techniques. The two techniques are compensation of each other and provide the full information we need. It is also shown how the minimal fragmentation achieved with the VUV source leads to much more accurate species concentration measurements for reactive intermediates.
Download or read book The Mechanisms of Pyrolysis Oxidation and Burning of Organic Materials written by Leo Aloysius Wall and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photoionization and Photo Induced Processes in Mass Spectrometry written by Ralf Zimmermann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-07-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive coverage of laser-induced ionization processes for mass spectrometry analysis Drawing on the expertise of the leading academic and industrial research groups involved in the development of photoionization methods for mass spectrometry, this reference for analytical scientists covers both the theory and current applications of photo-induced ionization processes. It places widely used techniques such as MALDI side by side with more specialist approaches such as REMPI and RIMS, and discusses leading edge developments in ultrashort laser pulse desorption, to give readers a complete picture of the state of the technology. Photoionization and Photo-Induced Processes in Mass Spectrometry: Fundamentals and Applications starts with a complete overview of the fundamentals of the technique, covering the basics of the gas phase ionization as well as those of laser desorption and ablation, pulse photoionization, and single particle ionization. Numerous application examples from different analytical fields are described that showcase the power and the wide scope of photo ionization in mass spectrometry. -The first general reference book on photoionization techniques for mass spectrometry -Examines technologies and applications of gas phase resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry (REMPI-MS) and gas phase resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) -Provides complete coverage of popular techniques like MALDI -Discusses the current and potential applications of each technology, focusing on process and environmental analysis Photoionization and Photo-Induced Processes in Mass Spectrometry: Fundamentals and Applications is an excellent book for spectroscopists, analytical chemists, photochemists, physical chemists, and laser specialists.
Download or read book Photo Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry Applied to Organic Molecules written by Rudi Jeroen Johannes Maria Steenvoorden and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analytical Pyrolysis written by Kent J Voorhees and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Pyrolysis: Techniques and Applications provides an overview of analytical pyrolysis applied to geochemistry, biology, polymers, and biomass. This book presents a survey of basic phenomena, data analysis, and instrumentation. Organized into 15 chapters, this book begins with an overview of mass spectrometry in developing ion sources that are applicable to materials that either have low volatility, high molecular weight, are thermally unstable or some combination of the three. This text then examines the role of thermal processes in many of the desorption methods. Other chapters consider desorption techniques, which are closely allied to analytical pyrolysis. This book discusses as well the Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis/Field Ionization Mass Spectrometry (FVP/FIMS) technique, which is based on a direct link between the pyrolysis unit and a double focusing mass spectrometer. The final chapter deals with inert atmosphere poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) thermal decomposition. This book is a valuable resource for chemists and researchers.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules written by Serban C. Moldoveanu and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 2009-10-16 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pyrolysis of Organic Molecules with Applications to Health and Environmental Issues, the 28th volume in the Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry series, gives a systematic and comprehensive description of pyrolysis of non-polymeric organic molecules. Pyrolysis is involved in many practical applications as well as in many common human activities, but harmful compounds can be generated in the process. The study of pyrolysis and of the formation of undesirable compounds as a result of pyrolytic processes is of considerable interest to chemists, chemical engineers, and toxicologists. Pyrolysis results for compounds not previously studied or reported Updated information from a large body of results published on pyrolysis of individual compounds or classes of compounds Information on mechanisms and kinetics of numerous pyrolytic processes
Download or read book Analytical Pyrolysis written by C.E.R. Jones and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical Pyrolysis presents the Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Analytical Pyrolysis, held in Amsterdam on September 7-9, 1976. It looks at newly emergent techniques in analytical pyrolysis, including pyrolysis mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography. The book also covers topics ranging from automation and microbiology to forensic science and pharmacology, reproducibility and specificity, biochemistry, laser-induced pyrolysis, pyrolytic reaction mechanisms, and polymers. Comprised of 50 chapters, this book begins with a discussion of automatic analysis of tire rubber blends using computer-linked pyrolysis gas chromatography, thermal procedures in coupling with thin-layer chromatography, the role of pyrolysis-gas liquid chromatography in biomedical studies, and the identification of microorganisms by pyrolysis gas-liquid chromatography. It then examines forensic applications of analytical pyrolysis techniques, structure and degradation behavior of synthetic polymers using pyrolysis in combination with field ion mass spectrometry, determination of polysaccharides in fulvic acids by pyrolysis gas chromatography, and application of Curie-point pyrolysis mass spectrometry in fungal taxonomy. The reader is also introduced to pyrolysis mass spectrometry of model compounds labeled with stable isotopes, the use of pyrolysis/gas chromatography to determine the quality of porous polymers of styrene cross-linked with divinyl benzene, and application of pyrohydrolysis for a rapid and accurate determination of halides in silicate rocks and minerals. This volume will benefit students, researchers, chemists, and scientists working in the field of analytical pyrolysis.
Download or read book On line Process and Real time Analysis of Biomass Pyrolysis Gases Using Photo Ionization Time of flight Mass Spectrometry written by Alois Fendt and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Pyrolysis Handbook written by Thomas P. Wampler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analytical pyrolysis allows scientists to use routine laboratory instrumentation for analyzing complex, opaque, or insoluble samples more effectively than other analytical techniques alone. Applied Pyrolysis Handbook, Second Edition is a practical guide to the application of pyrolysis techniques to various samples and sample types for a dive
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Analytical Science written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 5142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of the Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Ten Volume Set is a definitive collection of articles covering the latest technologies in application areas such as medicine, environmental science, food science and geology. Meticulously organized, clearly written and fully interdisciplinary, the Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, Ten Volume Set provides foundational knowledge across the scope of modern analytical chemistry, linking fundamental topics with the latest methodologies. Articles will cover three broad areas: analytical techniques (e.g., mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography, atomic spectrometry); areas of application (e.g., forensic, environmental and clinical); and analytes (e.g., arsenic, nucleic acids and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), providing a one-stop resource for analytical scientists. Offers readers a one-stop resource with access to information across the entire scope of modern analytical science Presents articles split into three broad areas: analytical techniques, areas of application and and analytes, creating an ideal resource for students, researchers and professionals Provides concise and accessible information that is ideal for non-specialists and readers from undergraduate levels and higher
Download or read book Pyrolysis gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Of Polymeric Materials written by Peter Kusch and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The methodology of analytical pyrolysis-GC/MS has been known for several years, but is seldom used in research laboratories and process control in the chemical industry. This is due to the relative difficulty of interpreting the identified pyrolysis products as well as the variety of them. This book contains full identification of several classes of polymers/copolymers and biopolymers that can be very helpful to the user. In addition, the practical applications can encourage analytical chemists and engineers to use the techniques explored in this volume.The structure and the functions of various types of pyrolyzers and the results of the pyrolysis-gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric identification of synthetic polymers/copolymers and biopolymers at 700°C are described. Practical applications of these techniques are also included, detailing the analysis of microplastics, failure analysis in the automotive industry and solutions for technological problems.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 1460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
