Download or read book Pushpoint Sampling for Defining Spatial and Temporal Variations in Contaminant Concentrations in Sediment Pore Water Near the Ground water surface water Interface written by Marc James Zimmerman and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pushpoint Sampling for Defining Spatial and Temporal Variations in Contaminant Concentrations in Sediment Pore Water Near the Ground water surface water Interface written by Marc James Zimmerman and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pushpoint Sampling for Defining Spatial and Temporal Variations in Contaminant Concentrations in Sediment Pore Water Near the Ground water surface water Interface written by Marc James Zimmerman and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Capstone report on the application monitoring and performance of permeable reactive barriers for groundwater remediation Volume 1 Performance evaluations at two sites written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Field Techniques for Estimating Water Fluxes Between Surface Water and Ground Water written by Donald O. Rosenberry and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the use and development of our Nation's surface - and ground-water resources has increased significantly during the past 50 years. This work discusses field techniques for estimating water fluxes.
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Patterns of PFAS Occurrence at a Wastewater Beneficial Reuse Site in Central Pennsylvania written by Olivia Mroczko and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a collective name for a growing range of synthetic fluorinated compounds that have been produced to enhance both consumer and industrial products since the 1940s. Due to their chemical composition, PFAS do not easily degrade and can persist in the environment, negatively impacting ecosystem and human health. With recent advances in analytical technology, the fate and transport of PFAS in the environment is becoming better understood, as are the risks they pose to human and environmental health. Because PFAS persist in treated wastewater, reusing wastewater effluent as an irrigation source can inadvertently introduce PFAS into agroecosystems. The Pennsylvania State University has been spray-irrigating all of its treated wastewater at a site known as the "Living Filter" since the early 1980s. The site contains ~250 ha of mixed use agricultural and forested land and 13 monitoring wells. To understand the effects of this long-term irrigation on the occurrence and the spatial and temporal patterns of PFAS at the site, groundwater water samples were collected bimonthly from October 2019 to February 2021 from the wastewater influent and effluent and from each of the groundwater monitoring wells, with all samples analyzed for 20 PFAS compounds. Additionally, crop tissue samples were collected at the time of harvest for corn silage and fescue to determine the potential impacts of spray-irrigation activities on PFAS occurrence in the crops harvested as livestock feed. To better understand potential human health impacts of PFAS occurrence at the Living Filter site, aqueous PFAS concentrations were compared to national and international drinking water policies, including throughout the United Kingdom, to determine if the long-term spray irrigation activities associated with beneficial reuse are significant enough to warrant human-health related concerns under different policy regimes. Data from the monitoring wells demonstrated that of the 20 analyzed PFAS compounds, 10 PFAS compounds were found to be present in the ground water. Concentrations of total measured PFAS ranged from below the detection limit to 155 ng/L, with concentrations increasing in the direction of groundwater flow. PFOA and PFOS across the Living Filter were detected at concentrations above the drinking water standards proposed by US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) at 10 of the 13 monitoring wells and above the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection's drinking water standards in 7 wells. However, all but 3 of the 13 wells met UK policy standards. Because the Living Filter is operated to maintain groundwater concentrations below the USEPA's primary drinking water standard of nitrate of 10 mg NO3-N/L (USEPA, 2009), strict regulations for PFAS in potable water could limit the long- term feasibility of beneficial reuse of treated wastewater. However, these wells do not serve as supply wells for potable water and therefore do not pose a direct risk to human health. Research results provide insight into potential impacts of beneficial reuse of treated wastewater on groundwater and crop tissue quality. Crop tissue was also found to contain detectable levels of PFAS, with short chain compounds being the largest contributor (>84%). These results were used to estimate the amount of PFAS ingested by dairy cattle through their feed, which was found to range from 2.46 -- 7.67 mg/animal/yr. These results suggest that beneficial reuse of wastewater effluent can impact groundwater and feed quality; however, the results to livestock and human health are not yet fully understood. Without these beneficial reuse programs, the treated wastewater would be discharged to surface water. Therefore, additional research is needed to better understand the risks and benefits associated with beneficial reuse programs as they relate to PFAS fate and transport in agroecosystems.
Download or read book Water Sampling written by Jaromil Krajča and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water quality Assessment of the Potomac River Basin written by Matthew J. Ferrari and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Capstone Report on the Application Monitoring and Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers for Ground water Remediation written by Richard T. Wilkin and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coastal Hydrogeology written by Jimmy Jiao and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a comprehensive volume discussing groundwater problems in coastal areas, spanning fundamental science to practical water management.
Download or read book Probability of Detecting Atrazine desethyl atrazine and Elevated Concentrations of Nitrate in Ground Water in Colorado written by Michael Rupert and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Capstone Report on the Application Monitoring and Performance of Permeable Reactive Barriers for Ground water Remediation written by Cynthia J. Paul and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sampling Trace Level Organics with Polymeric Tubings written by Louise V. Parker and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is the second phase of a two-year effort to determine the effects that sampling tubings have on organic analyte concentrations. In the first year, 20 different tubings were compared, under static conditions, with respect to sorption of organic contaminants and leaching of organic constituents. In this study, we examined what occurs under dynamic conditions when TCE-contaminated water is pumped through several different types of polymeric tubings. Sorption of organic solutes, leaching of organic constituents, and desorption of sorbed organic contaminants were all examined. Five tubings were selected for this study: a rigid fluoropolymer, a flexible fluoropolymer, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and two plasticized polypropylene tubings. These materials were selected because our static studies had shown that these tubings leached little or no organic constituents (as determined by HPLC analyses with an ultraviolet UV detector) and ranged from being the least sorptive tubings tested to among the most highly sorptive. The effects of tubing length and flow rate were examined. Results from these studies indicate that if water is pumped through tubing at a slow flow rate (100 mL/min), fluoropolymers should be used to prevent extensive losses of TCE and more sorptive analytes, especially if the tubing is 50 ft or longer. If a faster flow rate (1 L/min) is used, it appears that LDPE tubing can be used to sample TCE and other less sorptive analytes, although time for equilibration (2% hr) should be allowed to reduce losses in the deepest wells.
Download or read book Field Applications of In Situ Remediation Technologies written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 85% of the hazardous waste sites in the United States have contaminated ground water. The conventional approach for remediating contaminated ground water has been to extract the contaminated water, treat it above ground, and reinject or discharge the clean water ("pump- and-treat"). The recovered contaminants must be disposed of separately. It is becoming increasingly apparent that pump-and-treat technologies require considerable investment over extended period of time, and often times do not actually clean up the source of the contamination. Current policies and law stress "permanent" remedies over containment. Consequently, there is considerable interest and effort being expended on alternative, innovative treatment technologies for contaminated ground water. This report is one in a series that document recent pilot demonstrations and full-scale applications that either treat soil and ground water in place or increase the solubility and mobility of contaminants to improve their removal by other remediation technologies. It is hoped that this information will allow more regular consideration of new, less costly, and more effective technologies to address the problems associated with hazardous waste sites and petroleum.
Download or read book Sampling and Monitoring written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing the TMDL Approach to Water Quality Management written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-08-24 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last 30 years, water quality management in the United States has been driven by the control of point sources of pollution and the use of effluent-based water quality standards. Under this paradigm, the quality of the nation's lakes, rivers, reservoirs, groundwater, and coastal waters has generally improved as wastewater treatment plants and industrial dischargers (point sources) have responded to regulations promulgated under authority of the 1972 Clean Water Act. These regulations have required dischargers to comply with effluent-based standards for criteria pollutants, as specified in National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits issued by the states and approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Although successful, the NPDES program has not achieved the nation's water quality goals of "fishable and swimmable" waters largely because discharges from other unregulated nonpoint sources of pollution have not been as successfully controlled. Today, pollutants such as nutrients and sediment, which are often associated with nonpoint sources and were not considered criteria pollutants in the Clean Water Act, are jeopardizing water quality, as are habitat destruction, changes in flow regimes, and introduction of exotic species. This array of challenges has shifted the focus of water quality management from effluent-based to ambient- based water quality standards. Given the most recent lists of impaired waters submitted to EPA, there are about 21,000 polluted river segments, lakes, and estuaries making up over 300,000 river and shore miles and 5 million lake acres. The number of TMDLs required for these impaired waters is greater than 40,000. Under the 1992 EPA guidance or the terms of lawsuit settlements, most states are required to meet an 8- to 13-year deadline for completion of TMDLs. Budget requirements for the program are staggering as well, with most states claiming that they do not have the personnel and financial resources necessary to assess the condition of their waters, to list waters on 303d, and to develop TMDLs. A March 2000 report of the General Accounting Office (GAO) highlighted the pervasive lack of data at the state level available to set water quality standards, to determine what waters are impaired, and to develop TMDLs. This report represents the consensus opinion of the eight-member NRC committee assembled to complete this task. The committee met three times during a three-month period and heard the testimony of over 40 interested organizations and stakeholder groups. The NRC committee feels that the data and science have progressed sufficiently over the past 35 years to support the nation's return to ambient-based water quality management. Given reasonable expectations for data availability and the inevitable limits on our conceptual understanding of complex systems, statements about the science behind water quality management must be made with acknowledgment of uncertainties. This report explains that there are creative ways to accommodate this uncertainty while moving forward in addressing the nation's water quality challenges.
