Download or read book Proxy Warfare in Strategic Competition written by Stephen Watts and published by . This book was released on 2023-04-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors used both quantitative analysis and case studies of China, Iran, and Russia to examine the causes and likely future trends in proxy wars: civil wars in which at least one local warring party receives material support from an external state.
Download or read book Proxy Warfare in Strategic Competition written by Stephen Watts and published by . This book was released on 2023-04-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors examine the military implications of intrastate proxy wars: civil wars in which at least one local warring party receives material support from an external state. The research was conducted using a review of existing literature and case studies of four particularly relevant instances of proxy warfare, including the First and Second Indochina Wars, the 2014-early 2022 Donbas War, and the Houthi Rebellion.
Download or read book Proxy Warfare in Strategic Competition written by Stephen Watts and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors examine the military implications of intrastate proxy wars: civil wars in which at least one local warring party receives material support from an external state. The research was conducted using a review of existing literature and case studies of four particularly relevant instances of proxy warfare, including the First and Second Indochina Wars, the 2014-early 2022 Donbas War, and the Houthi Rebellion. At the strategic level, the increased lethality of violent nonstate actors (VNSAs) complicates traditional models for responding to insurgencies and other forms of irregular warfare, while the risk of escalation forecloses potential options for responding to these challenges. At the operational level, state-supported VNSAs' combination of lethality and greater capacity for dispersion can impose multiple dilemmas on forces like those of the United States. These strategic and operational challenges have implications for U.S. Army doctrine, education and leader development, training, and potentially personnel and organization.
Download or read book Proxy Warfare in Strategic Competition written by Stephen Baldwin Watts and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report synthesizes the findings and recommendations from two companion reports on intrastate proxy wars: civil wars in which at least one local warring party receives material support from an external state. One of these companion reports examines motives and trends for great powers' use of proxy warfare in intrastate conflict, while the other examines the military implications of these wars. The authors conducted the research for these reports using a quantitative analysis of proxy wars since 1946, case studies on major powers that have sponsored surrogates in such conflicts, and case studies on the military implications of such conflicts. Looking forward, there are worrying indications that geopolitical factors may be driving countries, including Russia and Iran, to more frequent use of proxy warfare, and China might return to such forms of competition under certain circumstances. Ideology seems less likely to fuel proxy wars than it did during the Cold War, however, and China has a number of economic incentives to avoid such practices. The prospect of the increasing use of proxy warfare has a number of implications for U.S. defense policy. Violent nonstate actors supported by states tend to be much more lethal than those without state support. These enhanced capabilities appear to make them much more threatening to U.S. allies and partners, potentially forcing the United States to intervene on their behalf to protect them."--
Download or read book Proxy Warfare written by Andrew Mumford and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-07-10 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proxy wars represent a perennial strand in the history of conflict. The appeal of ‘warfare on the cheap’ has proved an irresistible strategic allure for nations through the centuries. However, proxy wars remain a missing link in contemporary war and security studies. In this timely book Andrew Mumford sheds new light on the dynamics and lineage of proxy warfare from the Cold War to the War on Terror, whilst developing a cogent conceptual framework to explain their appeal. Tracing the political and strategic development of proxy wars throughout the last century, they emerge as a dominant characteristic of contemporary conflict. The book ably shows how proxy interventions often prolong existing conflicts given the perpetuity of arms, money and sometimes proxy fighters sponsored by third party donors. Furthermore, it emphasizes why, given the direction of the War on Terror, the rise of China as a global power, and the prominence now achieved by non-state actors in the ‘Arab Spring’, the phenomenon of proxy warfare is increasingly relevant to understandings of contemporary security. Proxy Warfare is an indispensable guide for students and scholars interested in the evolution and potential future direction of war and conflict in the modern world.
Download or read book Proxy War written by Albert Bertilsson and published by Albert Bertilsson. This book was released on 2024-08-17 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawn into a conflict in a country far away from An Arath, our adventurers battle against humans in the service of evil. Strong allies are found… but will they remain victorious when deadlier supernatural enemies are discovered? Will victories on new battlefields prove decisive, or are the conflicts merely a distraction, hiding a greater plan? Discover a world ruled by sorceresses and join them in their struggle to make the world a better place. Who'll ultimately decide the fate of the world—and what will that future look like?
Download or read book Understanding the New Proxy Wars written by Peter Bergen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proxy warfare will shape the conflicts of the twenty-first century for the foreseeable future. Yet the popular understanding of proxy wars remains largely shaped by the experience of the Cold War. In reality, in the Greater Middle East and its periphery today, the growing power of regional states and non-state actors, combined with the proliferation of new technology, has reshaped proxy conflicts, in an increasingly multipolar and interconnected environment. In this collected volume, a range of researchers examine what constitutes proxy warfare and provide new insight into how these wars are waged, in contexts stretching from Ukraine to North Africa and Syria to Afghanistan. The volume draws upon research, surveys and interviews conducted in Syria, Iraq, Libya and Ukraine, as well as examining the propaganda output of those involved in these countries' wars. In doing so, Understanding the New Proxy Wars helps reveal both the continuities and the differences between recent conflicts and those of times past.
Download or read book Winning Without Fighting written by Rebecca Patterson and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book offers a framework for an American grand strategy with a corresponding approach for visualizing progress towards its achievement. The authors contend that instead of conventional military conflict, irregular warfare (IW)--"activities short of conventional and nuclear warfare that are designed to expand a country's influence and legitimacy, as well as to weaken its adversaries"--along with transnational threats, characterize today's competitive landscape. Thus, in addition to military capabilities, U.S. grand strategy must extend beyond the purview of the DOD. Given that this is an era of crises as well as of competition, any effective strategy must also include ways to preserve and bolster national resilience"--
Download or read book All Measures Short of War written by Thomas J. Wright and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-23 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking look at the future of great power competition in an age of globalization and what the United States can do in response The two decades after the Cold War saw unprecedented cooperation between the major powers as the world converged on a model of liberal international order. Now, great power competition is back and the liberal order is in jeopardy. Russia and China are increasingly revisionist in their regions. The Middle East appears to be unraveling. And many Americans question why the United States ought to lead. What will great power competition look like in the decades ahead? Will the liberal world order survive? What impact will geopolitics have on globalization? And, what strategy should the United States pursue to succeed in an increasingly competitive world? In this book Thomas Wright explains how major powers will compete fiercely even as they try to avoid war with each other. Wright outlines a new American strategy—Responsible Competition—to navigate these challenges and strengthen the liberal order.
Download or read book Syria as an Arena of Strategic Competition written by Jeffrey Martini and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Less than two years since the beginning of the uprising in Syria, localized protests have morphed into full-blown civil conflict, and external actors have become involved as well. RAND conducted an analytic exercise to generate a greater understanding of the parties and issues in play, including the actors, their motivations, and potential impact of their activities.
Download or read book Proxy War Strategies in Civil Wars written by Natalia Tellidou and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explores and answers two puzzles about states supporting proxies in civil wars. The first puzzle asked why states external to a civil war decided to provide support to a proxy instead of intervening with their own armed forces? In other words, I examined the foreign policy of proxy war where a state's support for the government in parallel with a state's support for the opposing side transforms the civil war. While recent scholarship presented various incentives and constraints specific on proxy war, my theory analyses strategies which explain how in a competitive strategic setting a state's preference led to supporting a proxy in a civil war. Examining proxy war as a foreign policy choice that states prefer over other policies, this dissertation finds that states use a set of proxy war strategies in civil wars. A central finding of this dissertation is that states use the offensive proxy war strategy, which is based on rivalry, less frequently than other proxy war strategies which are based on security, interest, or revenge. However, when both external warring sides use an offensive proxy war strategy these proxy wars may lead to an inadvertent military escalation. Then, I examined a second puzzle pertained to sponsorship relationships and various types of support handed over to proxies. I observed that the type of a sponsorship relationship does not seem to influence the level of support a state will provide. It is the chosen proxy war strategy which influences the type of support states provide to their proxies. Scholars of conflict rely on the delegation model and the orchestration model of indirect governance to describe the relationships that states forge with their proxies. I claim that proxies bargained the authority a sponsor has over them depending on their vulnerability and their identity. I found that recent sponsorship relationships in proxy wars tend to resemble the orchestration model rather than the delegation model. These findings are based on examining all post-Cold War proxy wars through 2016, using Qualitative Case Analysis. I use the fuzzy set variant to test when states chose a proxy war strategy in a civil war. I combined this approach with Set-Method Multimethod Research to explore the inferential mechanism of typical cases of proxy war, in Syria (2011 - 2015), Burundi (1993 - 2003) and Azerbaijan (1991 - 1992). This dissertation's original contribution is the presentation a proxy war concept which uses the framework of sponsorship relationships based on bargained authority. The dissertation's theoretical and empirical results uncover generalizable patterns in proxy war strategies in civil wars that directly address scholarly and policy debates in the foreign policy decisions of intervention in civil wars, limited war, indirect governance during conflict, and concept measurement in international relations.
Download or read book The American Way of Irregular War written by Charles T. Cleveland and published by . This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States has failed to achieve strategic objectives in nearly every military campaign since Vietnam. This memoir describes how the United States can begin to build the American way of irregular war needed for success in modern conflict.
Download or read book My Enemy s Enemy written by Geraint Hughes and published by Apollo Books. This book was released on 2012 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of proxy war is currently subject to intense debate with reference to US, British and Israeli accusations that Iran is sponsoring subversive and insurgent movements from Lebanon to Afghanistan; contemporary academic and media controversies over the effect of international assistance to the Afghan mujahidin in the subsequent destabilisation of the country; and the contentious circumstances surrounding the Russo-Georgian war of 2008, and the 'independence' of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. While there is no shortage of academic literature dealing with specific cases of proxy warfare, there is no work providing an overarching analysis of the factors which lead to this type of conflict, or the potential consequences for the states concerned, the non-state proxies and their external patrons. Using examples from post-1945 history, and focusing on three case studies (the Afghan war of 1978-1989, Lebanon 1975-1990, Angola 1975-1991), Geraint Hughes offers terminology intended to clarify scholarly understanding of proxy warfare, a framework for understanding why states seek to use proxies (insurgent groups, militias, terrorist movements, mercenaries, and even organised criminal groups) in order to fulfil strategic objectives, and an analysis of the potential impact of such an indirect means of waging war on not only the states that are subjected to this phenomenon, but also the proxies, their sponsors and the wider international community. My Enemy's Enemy has a historical focus, but will be of utility to contemporary security scholars, and those involved in political/military policy.
Download or read book Iran Revolution and Proxy Wars written by Ofira Seliktar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-17 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the historical quest of the Islamic Republic of Iran to export its revolution to the Muslim countries in the Middle East and beyond. The authors argue that Iran exported its revolution by using proxies such as Hezbollah, the Iraqi Shite militias, and the Houthis. The study unravels the casual chain behind less-known cases of Iranian sponsorship of al Qaeda (Central) and al Qaida in Iraq. It combines rigorous theory with detailed empirical analysis which can add to the current debate about ways to roll back Iran’s revolutionary export.
Download or read book U S and Iranian Strategic Competition written by Aram Nerguizian and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iran's efforts to expand its regional influence in the Levant, Egypt and Jordan are a key aspect of its strategic competition with the US. Nearly twenty years after Israel's invasion of Lebanon in 1982, and five years after the 2006 Israeli-Hezbollah War, the US and its allies continue to struggle with the realities of Iran's growing influence in the region and its use of proxy and asymmetric warfare. The Islamic Republic has developed strong ties with Syria and non-state actors in the region, including the Lebanese Shi'a group Hezbollah and the Palestinian Hamas Islamist movement in what Iranian and Syrian leaders have dubbed the 'Resistance Axis.' Iran continues to exploit Arab-Israeli tensions in ways that make it an active barrier to a lasting Arab-Israeli peace, while the US must deal with Arab hostility to its strategic partnership with Israel. At the same time, both the US and Iran face new uncertainties in dealing with Egypt, Syria, and the wave of unrest in the Arab world. At the same time, both the US and Iran face an unprecedented level of policy instability in the Levant, and the rest of the Middle East and North Africa, that affects every aspect of their regional competition. At present, no one can predict the outcome in any given case. Even the short term impact of changes in regimes is not predictable, nor is how they will affect the underlying drivers of regional tensions. It is particularly dangerous to ignore the risk of replacing one form of failed governance with another one, and the prospect of years of further political instability or upheavals. Syria has been a challenge for US policy-makers for decades. Yet the current round of instability is unprecedented and the US is not likely to enact a coherent strategy in the short term. This in turn informs the future pace and form of competition with Iran over Syria. While Lebanon has been relatively stable during the current period of upheaval, there are real risks of instability as well as opportunities to manage security politics in the Levant that the US should not ignore. As this report shows, Israel too is an arena for US-Iranian competition and the recent cycle of instability will remain critical to how both countries develop their bilateral relationship and security ties. The place and role of the Palestinians in US policy and competition with Iran are part and parcel of US-Iranian competition over Israel. Lastly, US policy towards Egypt and Jordan are driven by a number of common factors that have impacted whether or not these two key US allies become exposed to Iranian influence and interference. This report is a working draft, part of a comprehensive survey of US and Iranian competition and which is to be published as an electronic book in early March.
Download or read book Three Dangerous Men Russia China Iran and the Rise of Irregular Warfare written by Seth G. Jones and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How three key figures in Moscow, Beijing, and Tehran built ruthless irregular warfare campaigns that are eroding American power. In Three Dangerous Men, defense expert Seth Jones argues that the US is woefully unprepared for the future of global competition. While America has focused on building fighter jets, missiles, and conventional warfighting capabilities, its three principal rivals—Russia, Iran, and China—have increasingly adopted irregular warfare: cyber attacks, the use of proxy forces, propaganda, espionage, and disinformation to undermine American power. Jones profiles three pioneers of irregular warfare in Moscow, Beijing, and Tehran who adapted American techniques and made huge gains without waging traditional warfare: Russian Chief of Staff Valery Gerasimov; the deceased Iranian Major General Qassem Soleimani; and vice chairman of China’s Central Military Commission Zhang Youxia. Each has spent his career studying American power and devised techniques to avoid a conventional or nuclear war with the US. Gerasimov helped oversee a resurgence of Russian irregular warfare, which included attempts to undermine the 2016 and 2020 US presidential elections and the SolarWinds cyber attack. Soleimani was so effective in expanding Iranian power in the Middle East that Washington targeted him for assassination. Zhang Youxia presents the most alarming challenge because China has more power and potential at its disposal. Drawing on interviews with dozens of US military, diplomatic, and intelligence officials, as well as hundreds of documents translated from Russian, Farsi, and Mandarin, Jones shows how America’s rivals have bloodied its reputation and seized territory worldwide. Instead of standing up to autocratic regimes, Jones demonstrates that the United States has largely abandoned the kind of information, special operations, intelligence, and economic and diplomatic action that helped win the Cold War. In a powerful conclusion, Jones details the key steps the United States must take to alter how it thinks about—and engages in—competition before it is too late.
Download or read book Competitive Strategies for the 21st Century written by Thomas G. Mahnken and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-08 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. today faces the most complex and challenging security environment in recent memory— even as it deals with growing constraints on its ability to respond to threats. Its most consequential challenge is the rise of China, which increasingly has the capability to deny the U.S. access to areas of vital national interest and to undermine alliances that have underpinned regional stability for over half a century. Thus, the time is right for the U.S. to adopt a long-term strategy for dealing with China; one that includes but is not limited to military means, and that fully includes U.S. allies in the region. This book uses the theory and practice of peacetime great-power strategic competition to derive recommendations for just such a strategy. After examining the theory of peacetime strategic competition, it assesses the U.S.-China military balance in depth, considers the role of America's allies in the region, and explores strategies that the U.S could adopt to improve its strategic position relative to China over the long term.
