Download or read book Protestant and Catholic Women in Nazi Germany written by Michael Phayer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes the attitudes and activities of women's church organizations in Nazi Germany. Antisemitism and support for Nazism were more widespread among Protestant than among Catholic women. Most members of the largest Protestant women's organization, the Evangelische Frauenhilfe, identified with the Confessing Church. Though they negated racism within the Church, they never publicly protested against Nazi antisemitic measures. Describes aid to Jews by a Catholic circle in Berlin, centered around Bishop Konrad von Preysing and Margarete Sommer, director of a diocesan bureau affiliated with the St. Raphael Society. The bureau also gave welfare aid to non-Aryans and sent teams to help those rounded up for transport. After it became clear that the Jews were going to their deaths, Sommer organized a network which helped many Jews to hide. She relayed information about the extermination of the Jews to Cardinal Adolf Bertram, urging him to issue a forceful protest, but the Cardinal regarded her as unreliable and refused to take action.
Download or read book Women Against Hitler written by Theodore N. Thomas and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1995-02-28 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Hitler declared war on Christianity, pastors were put under house arrest, jailed, held in concentration camps, sent to war and murdered. Women stepped in to the leadership positions in the Church. Theologically trained women preached and assumed administration of the orphaned parishes.
Download or read book Mothers in the Fatherland written by Claudia Koonz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-05-07 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From extensive research, including a remarkable interview with the unrepentant chief of Hitler’s Women’s Bureau, this book traces the roles played by women – as followers, victims and resisters – in the rise of Nazism. Originally publishing in 1987, it is an important contribution to the understanding of women’s status, culpability, resistance and victimisation at all levels of German society, and a record of astonishing ironies and paradoxical morality, of compromise and courage, of submission and survival.
Download or read book The Catholic Church and the Holocaust 1930 1965 written by Michael Phayer and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phayer explores the actions of the Catholic Church and the actions of individual Catholics during the crucial period from the emergence of Hitler until the Church's official rejection of antisemitism in 1965. 20 photos.
Download or read book The Holy Reich written by Richard Steigmann-Gall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-04-21 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Table of contents
Download or read book The Catholic Church And Nazi Germany written by Guenter Lewy and published by Da Capo Press. This book was released on 2009-09-09 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ”The subject matter of this book is controversial,” Guenter Lewy states plainly in his preface. To show the German Catholic Church’s congeniality with some of the goals of National Socialism and its gradual entrapment in Nazi policies and programs, Lewy describes the episcopate’s support of Hitler’s expansionist policies and its failures to speak out on the persecution of the Jews. To this tragic history Lewy brings new focus and research, illuminating one of the darkest corners of our century with scholarship and intellectual honesty in a riveting, and often painful, narrative.
Download or read book The Aryan Jesus written by Susannah Heschel and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-10-03 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Was Jesus a Nazi? During the Third Reich, German Protestant theologians, motivated by racism and tapping into traditional Christian anti-Semitism, redefined Jesus as an Aryan and Christianity as a religion at war with Judaism. In 1939, these theologians established the Institute for the Study and Eradication of Jewish Influence on German Religious Life. In The Aryan Jesus, Susannah Heschel shows that during the Third Reich, the Institute became the most important propaganda organ of German Protestantism, exerting a widespread influence and producing a nazified Christianity that placed anti-Semitism at its theological center. Based on years of archival research, The Aryan Jesus examines the membership and activities of this controversial theological organization. With headquarters in Eisenach, the Institute sponsored propaganda conferences throughout the Nazi Reich and published books defaming Judaism, including a dejudaized version of the New Testament and a catechism proclaiming Jesus as the savior of the Aryans. Institute members--professors of theology, bishops, and pastors--viewed their efforts as a vital support for Hitler's war against the Jews. Heschel looks in particular at Walter Grundmann, the Institute's director and a professor of the New Testament at the University of Jena. Grundmann and his colleagues formed a community of like-minded Nazi Christians who remained active and continued to support each other in Germany's postwar years. The Aryan Jesus raises vital questions about Christianity's recent past and the ambivalent place of Judaism in Christian thought.
Download or read book Russian and West European Women 1860 1939 written by Marcelline J. Hutton and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2001 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ambitious study provides a sweeping overview of the position of women in England, France, Germany, and Russia/USSR from 1860-1939. The book illustrates their struggles to realize their dreams and their resourcefulness in coping with often dreary, hard, even horrifying lives. Deftly combining statistical data to underscore collective experiences and belles lettres to highlight the texture of individual women's lives, the book assesses the significance of gender, class, nationality, and religion. This richly researched work traces common patterns and unique experiences in women's lives by showing how they defined themselves, coped with daily life, and confronted disaster with courage and resourcefulness.
Download or read book Bishop von Galen written by Beth A. Griech-Polelle and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clemens August Graf von Galen, Bishop of Münster from 1933 until his death in 1946, is renowned for his opposition to Nazism, most notably for his public preaching in 1941 against Hitler’s euthanasia project to rid the country of sick, elderly, mentally retarded, and disabled Germans. This provocative and revisionist biographical study of von Galen views him from a different perspective: as a complex figure who moved between dissent and complicity during the Nazi regime, opposing certain elements of National Socialism while choosing to remain silent on issues concerning discrimination, deportation, and the murder of Jews. Beth Griech-Polelle places von Galen in the context of his times, describing how the Catholic Church reacted to various Nazi policies, how the anti-Catholic legislation of the Kulturkampf shaped the repertoire of resistance tactics of northwestern German Catholics, and how theological interpretations were used to justify resistance and/or collaboration. She discloses the reasons for von Galen’s public denunciation of the euthanasia project and the ramifications of his openly defiant stance. She reveals how the bishop portrayed Jews and what that depiction meant for Jews living in Nazi Germany. Finally she investigates the creation of the image of von Galen as “Grand Churchman-Resister” and discusses the implications of this for the myth of Catholic conservative “resistance” constructed in post-1945 Germany.
Download or read book Hitler and Nazi Germany written by Jackson J. Spielvogel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is based on current research findings and is written for students and general readers who want a deeper understanding of this period in German history. It provides a balanced approach in examining Hitler's role in the history of the Third Reich and includes coverage of the economic, social, and political forces that made the rise and growth of Nazism possible; the institutional, cultural, and social life of the Third Reich; the Second World War; and the Holocaust.
Download or read book This Anguish Like a Kind of Intimate Song written by Lillian Leigh Westerfield and published by Rodopi. This book was released on 2004 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This literary history explores the reality of European women's roles in fighting Nazism. By comparing the resistance literature of French and German authors, this book links the traditional gender expectations for women and the conventions of their everyday lives with their unique forms of resistance. Theirs was an opposition grounded in the ordinary, beyond the sphere of political violence. Women were long regarded as outsiders to combat and politics, with no stake in upholding resistance myths. Women authors therefore freely rendered the personal and moral landscape of the resister's world in a new vocabulary. They revised standard rhetoric and replaced heroism and bullets with the values of home, human relationships, and candid acknowledgement of the sorrow, fear, and uncertainty of war.
Download or read book Twisted Cross written by Doris L. Bergen and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2000-11-09 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How did Germany's Christians respond to Nazism? In Twisted Cross, Doris Bergen addresses one important element of this response by focusing on the 600,000 self-described 'German Christians,' who sought to expunge all Jewish elements from the Christian church. In a process that became more daring as Nazi plans for genocide unfolded, this group of Protestant lay people and clergy rejected the Old Testament, ousted people defined as non-Aryans from their congregations, denied the Jewish ancestry of Jesus, and removed Hebrew words like 'Hallelujah' from hymns. Bergen refutes the notion that the German Christians were a marginal group and demonstrates that members occupied key positions within the Protestant church even after their agenda was rejected by the Nazi leadership. Extending her analysis into the postwar period, Bergen shows how the German Christians were relatively easily reincorporated into mainstream church life after 1945. Throughout Twisted Cross, Bergen reveals the important role played by women and by the ideology of spiritual motherhood amid the German Christians' glorification of a 'manly' church.
Download or read book Catholic Theologians in Nazi Germany written by Robert Krieg and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2004-02-27 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catholic and Protestant bishops during the period of the Third Reich are often accused of being either sympathetic to the Nazi regime or at least generally tolerant of its anti-Jewish stance so long as the latter did not infringe on the functions of the church. With some notable exceptions that accusation is extended to many lesser figures, including seminary professors and pastors. Most notably the exceptions include such martyred heros as Dietrich Bonhoeffer and Max Metzger, religious activists and writers still of great influence.Among Catholic theologians the record is no less cloudy. Theology and Politics, while discussing a range of religious scholars, focuses on five major theologians who were born during the Kulturkampf, came to maturity and international recognition during the Hitler era, and had an influence on Catholicism in the English-speaking world. Three were in varying degrees and for varying lengths of time sympathetic to the professed goals of the Third Reich: Karl Adam, Karl Eschweiler, and Joseph Lortz. The other two, Romano Guardini and Engelbert Krebs, were publicly critical of the new regime.Interestingly, the two theologians who have had the greatest influence in the English-speaking world, Guardini and Adam, were initially on opposite sides of the Nazi divide.The interplay of theology and politics to which the title refers is evident in the fact that while all the theologians differed from the classic theology of the church as a "perfect society," and were "progressive" in their rejection of neo-scholastic methodology, they differed among themselves in envisaging the church either as the enemy of modernity or as its reli-gious dialogue partner. The first group, initially approving the Reich agenda, were Adam, Eschweiler (the most ardent supporter), and Lortz; the second included Guardini and Krebs (the most ardent opponent).
Download or read book A Moral Reckoning written by Daniel Jonah Goldhagen and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2007-12-18 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With his first book, Hitler’s Willing Executioners, Daniel Jonah Goldhagen dramatically revised our understanding of the role ordinary Germans played in the Holocaust. Now he brings his formidable powers of research and argument to bear on the Catholic Church and its complicity in the destruction of European Jewry. What emerges is a work that goes far beyond the familiar inquiries—most of which focus solely on Pope Pius XII—to address an entire history of hatred and persecution that culminated, in some cases, in an active participation in mass-murder. More than a chronicle, A Moral Reckoning is also an assessment of culpability and a bold attempt at defining what actions the Church must take to repair the harm it did to Jews—and to repair itself. Impressive in its scholarship, rigorous in its ethical focus, the result is a book of lasting importance.
Download or read book A Concise History of Nazi Germany written by Joseph W. Bendersky and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-09-21 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This balanced history offers a concise, readable introduction to Nazi Germany. Combining compelling narrative storytelling with analysis, Joseph W. Bendersky offers an authoritative survey of the major political, economic, and social factors that powered the rise and fall of the Third Reich. Now in its fifth edition, the book incorporates significant research of recent years, analysis of the politics of memory, postwar German controversies about World War II and the Nazi era, and more on non-Jewish victims. Delving into the complexity of social life within the Nazi state, it also reemphasizes the crucial role played by racial ideology in determining the policies and practices of the Third Reich. Bendersky paints a fascinating picture of how average citizens negotiated their way through both the threatening power behind certain Nazi policies and the strong enticements to acquiesce or collaborate. His classic treatment provides an invaluable overview of a subject that retains its historical significance and contemporary importance.
Download or read book The Holy Reich written by Richard Steigmann-Gall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-04-21 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzing the previously unexplored religious views of the Nazi elite, Richard Steigmann-Gall argues against the consensus that Nazism as a whole was either unrelated to Christianity or actively opposed to it. He demonstrates that many participants in the Nazi movement believed that the contours of their ideology were based on a Christian understanding of Germany's ills and their cure. A program usually regarded as secular in inspiration - the creation of a racialist 'people's community' embracing antisemitism, antiliberalism and anti-Marxism - was, for these Nazis, conceived in explicitly Christian terms. His examination centers on the concept of 'positive Christianity,' a religion espoused by many members of the party leadership. He also explores the struggle the 'positive Christians' waged with the party's paganists - those who rejected Christianity in toto as foreign and corrupting - and demonstrates that this was not just a conflict over religion, but over the very meaning of Nazi ideology itself.
Download or read book Holy Hatred written by R. Michael and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-10-02 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although Christianity's precise influence on the Holocaust cannot be determined and the Christian churches did not themselves perpetrate the Final Solution, Michael argues that two millennia of Christian ideas and prejudices and their impact on Christians' behaviour appear to be the major basis of antisemitism and it's apex, the Holocaust.
