Download or read book Protein lipid Interactions in Plasma Membrane Biogenesis and Cellular Signaling Regulation written by Kirsten Leigh Bryant and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well established that protein interactions with phospholipids, particularly phosphoinositides, serve to regulate many different cellular processes. Due to the charged nature of biomembranes, electrostatic interactions are particularly effective between proteins and lipids at membrane interfaces where protein oligomerization and locally high charge densities of certain phospholipids can contribute significantly to cellular processes. Phosphoinositide distributions contribute to organelle identity, recruit proteins important for anterograde or retrograde trafficking to the right place at the right time, and directly influence the capacity of proteins to signal to downstream partners. Our studies provide evidence in support of the importance of protein-lipid interactions in the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity and signaling, as well as in biosynthetic trafficking from the endoplasmic recticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane (PM). The polybasic juxtamembrane (JX) region of EGFR has been proposed to regulate protein activity by interacting with the PM and thus preventing tyrosine kinase domain activation. We demonstrate that reduction of the net charge of the JX region in wild-type EGFR results in constitutive activation of the receptor and conferral of its capacity to transform cells in a ligand-independent manner. These capabilities are maintained when the receptor is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, we show that the polybasic JX region also plays a positive role in the response of EGFR to ligand. Receptors in which the net positive charge of the JX region is reduced show reduced activation and are deficient in downstream signaling, including their capacity to mediate Ca2+ mobilization. In addition, we demonstrate that protein-lipid interactions also contribute to proper biosynthetic trafficking in cells. We provide pharmacological and molecular genetic evidence for the functional requirement of a pool of phosphoinositide 4-phosphate, synthesized by phosphoinositide 4-kinase III[alpha], for ER to PM protein trafficking. In summary, strategies to perturb both protein structure and phospholipid availability provide evidence in support of roles for basic amino acid sequences and negatively charged phospholipids in biosynthetic trafficking and cellular signaling regulation.
Download or read book Lipid mediated Protein Signaling written by Daniel G.S. Capelluto and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-17 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the most updated information of how membrane lipids mediate protein signaling from studies carried out in animal and plant cells. Also, there are some chapters that go beyond and expand these studies of protein-lipid interactions at the structural level. The book begins with a literature review from investigations associated to sphingolipids, followed by studies that describe the role of phosphoinositides in signaling and closing with the function of other key lipids in signaling at the plasma membrane and intracellular organelles.
Download or read book Molecular Organization of Membranes Where Biology Meets Biophysics written by Marek Cebecauer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-02-07 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological membranes protect cells and organelles from the surrounding environment, but serve also as organising platforms for physiological processes such as cell signalling. The hydrophobic core of membranes is composed of lipids and proteins influencing each other. Local membrane composition and properties define its molecular organisation and, in this way, regulate the function of all associated molecules. Therefore, studying interactions of components, biophysical properties and overall membrane dynamics provides essential information on its function in the context of cell activities. Such knowledge can contribute to biomedical fields such as pharmacology, immunology, neurobiology and many others. The goal of the Research Topic entitled ‘Molecular organisation of membranes: where biology meets biophysics’ was to provide a comprehensive platform for publishing articles, reviews and opinions focused on membrane organisation and the forces behind its heterogeneous and dynamic structure. We collected 11 works which cover topics as diverse as general membrane organisation models, membrane trafficking and signalling regulation, biogenesis of caveolae, protein-lipid interactions and the importance of membrane-associated tetraspanins networks. The prevalent theme was the existence of membrane nanodomains. To this point, new emerging technologies are presented which own the power to bring a novel insight on how membrane nanodomains are formed and maintained and what is their function. We believe that the collection of works in this Research Topic brings forward some important questions which will stimulate further research in this difficult but exciting field.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phospholipid Metabolism in Cellular Signaling written by Jose M. Mato and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phospholipids are no longer considered exclusively as the building blocks of biomembranes, but are now regarded to be exceptionally important to cellular signalling.Another conclusion resulting from studies over the past several years is that no single general scheme for the role of phospholipids during cell activation can be drawn as representative of all cells. This book presents a comprehensive view of the recent advances made in certain major research areas within the field of phospholipid metabolism in cellular signalling. Topics discussed within this volume include lipid composition of cellular membranes and their organization in biological systems, the dynamic aspects of phospholipid metabolism and its regulation by extracellular stimuli, and the role of newly discovered glycosyl-phosphatidylinositols in insulin action . The book also discusses two biologically active phospholipids: the sphingolipids, and ether-linked glycerophospholipids (the platelet activating factor). Phospholipid Metabolism in Cellular Signaling is an important research reference that should be considered required reading by all scientists and graduate students working on cell activation (e.g., growth factors, hormones, and oncogenes).
Download or read book Protein Export and Membrane Biogenesis written by R.E. Dalbey and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-08-31 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The incentive for putting together Volume 4 of this series was to review the wealth of new information that has become available in prokaryotic organisms in protein export and membrane biogenesis. Just in the last several years, protein translocation has now been efficiently reconstituted using defined components and the mechanism by which proteins are moved across membrane bilayers is now being examined at a higher resolution. In addition, because of a new technical breakthrough using osmolytes, it is now possible to reconstitute a number of channel proteins, ATPase, receptors, and transporters. In many cases, it is possible to successfully predict the membrane topology of these types of proteins using both "hydrophobicity analysis" and the "positive inside" rule. In this volume, two chapters focus on protein translocation across membranes (Biochemical Analyses of Components Comprising the Protein Translocation Machinery of E. Coli; Protein Translocation Genetics), while several others on how proteins assemble into the ineer membrane of E. Coli (Membrane Protein Assembly; Membrane Insertion of Small Proteins: Evolutionary and Functional Aspects; Pigment-Protein Complex Assembly in Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Rhodobacter Capsulatus). Other sections review recent progress on transporters (Identification and Reconstitution of Anion Exchange Mechanisms in Bacteria; Helic Packing in the C-Terminal Half of Lactose Permease) and signal transduction (Mechanism of Transmembrane Signaling in Osmoregulation) as well as the assembly of prints into the outer membrane (Export and Assembly of Outer Membrane Proteins in E. coli). Although the emphasis of the book is on proteins, the role of phospholipids in controlling various cell surface processes is reviewed (Role of Phospholipids in coli Cell Function). I should point out the reason for the rapid progress in bacteria research is because of the possibility to apply biochemistry and genetics in this organism.
Download or read book Molecular Organization of Membranes Where Biology Meets Biophysics written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological membranes protect cells and organelles from the surrounding environment, but serve also as organising platforms for physiological processes such as cell signalling. The hydrophobic core of membranes is composed of lipids and proteins influencing each other. Local membrane composition and properties define its molecular organisation and, in this way, regulate the function of all associated molecules. Therefore, studying interactions of components, biophysical properties and overall membrane dynamics provides essential information on its function in the context of cell activities. Such knowledge can contribute to biomedical fields such as pharmacology, immunology, neurobiology and many others. The goal of the Research Topic entitled 'Molecular organisation of membranes: where biology meets biophysics' was to provide a comprehensive platform for publishing articles, reviews and opinions focused on membrane organisation and the forces behind its heterogeneous and dynamic structure. We collected 11 works which cover topics as diverse as general membrane organisation models, membrane trafficking and signalling regulation, biogenesis of caveolae, protein-lipid interactions and the importance of membrane-associated tetraspanins networks. The prevalent theme was the existence of membrane nanodomains. To this point, new emerging technologies are presented which own the power to bring a novel insight on how membrane nanodomains are formed and maintained and what is their function. We believe that the collection of works in this Research Topic brings forward some important questions which will stimulate further research in this difficult but exciting field.
Download or read book Lipid Second Messengers written by Robert M. Bell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-05-31 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists in lipid biochemistry research have increasingly recognized the role of lipids as signaling molecules, aside from their importance in forming cellular membranes and storing energy. This book provides the latest findings on a wide variety of complex lipids in cells that function either as intracellular or intercellular messengers. International investigators present current data on the most extensively studied examples of both intracellular and intercellular messengers generated from lipids, and describe their basic mechanisms, which also utilize receptors in the G-protein-coupled family. The in-depth discussions address such topics as lipid signaling for protein kinase C activation, phosphatidic acid and lyso-phosphatidic acid, ceramide as a messenger, bioactive properties of Sphingosine and structurally related compounds, platelet-activating factor and PAF-like mimetics, and prostaglandins and related compounds. Lipid Second Messengers is an up-to-date reference on developments in the expanding field of lipid-derived signals and will be of interest to biochemists, physiologists, pharmacologists, geneticists, and biologists.
Download or read book New Developments in Lipid Protein Interactions and Receptor Function written by K.W.A. Wirtz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Developments in Lipid-Protein Interactions and Receptor Function" was held on the Island of Spetsai, Greece, from August 16-27, 1992. This Institute was organized to bring together researchers in the field of membrane organization and dynamics with those actively involved in studies on receptor function, signal transduction mechanisms and gene regulation. 2 Presentations and discussions focussed on the regulation of intracellular Ca +-levels, on the second messengers derived from inositol lipids and on the specific phospholipase C isozymes involved in these processes. A major focus was on G-proteins and the effect of lipid anchors on their function. These principles of regulation were further discussed in the context of receptors for acetylcholine, lysophosphatidic acid and low-density lipoproteins. In addition, various aspects of the genomic regulation of cell growth and differentiation by transcription factors were presented. These topics were put into perspective by discussing the most recent developments in lipid-protein interactions, protein insertion into membranes, membrane lipid organization and lipid dynamics as mediated by phospholipid transfer proteins. This book presents the content of the major lectures and a selection of the most relevant of the most important topics posters. These proceedings offer a comprehensive account presented during the course of the Institute. The book is intended to make these proceedings accessible to a large audience.
Download or read book Protein Lipid Interactions written by Lukas K. Tamm and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2005-11-14 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Membrane Protein Assembly written by Gunnar von Heijne and published by R. G. Landes. This book was released on 1997 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Brain Lipids in Synaptic Function and Neurological Disease written by Jacques Fantini and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-12 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lipids are the most abundant organic compounds found in the brain, accounting for up to 50% of its dry weight. The brain lipidome includes several thousands of distinct biochemical structures whose expression may greatly vary according to age, gender, brain region, cell type, as well as subcellular localization. In synaptic membranes, brain lipids specifically interact with neurotransmitter receptors and control their activity. Moreover, brain lipids play a key role in the generation and neurotoxicity of amyloidogenic proteins involved in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. The aim of this book is to provide for the first time a comprehensive overview of brain lipid structures, and to explain the roles of these lipids in synaptic function, and in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Creutzfeldt-Jakob's and Parkinson's. To conclude the book, the authors present new ideas that can drive innovative therapeutic strategies based on the knowledge of the role of lipids in brain disorders. - Written to provide a "hands-on" approach for readers - Biochemical structures explained with molecular models, and molecular mechanisms explained with simple drawings - Step-by-step guide to memorize and draw lipid structures - Each chapter features a content summary, up-to-date references for additional study, and a key experiment with an explanation of the technique
Download or read book Membrane Biogenesis written by Jos A.F. Op den Kamp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many individual aspects of the dynamics and assembly of biological membranes have been studied in great detail. Cell biological approaches, advanced genetics, biophysics and biochemistry have greatly contributed to an increase in our knowledge in this field.lt is obvious however, that the three major membrane constituents - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates- are studied, in most cases separately and that a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis is not readily available. The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Perspectives in the Dynamics of Assembly of Biomembranes" intended to provide such an overview: it was set up to teach students and specialists the achievements obtained in the various research areas and to try and integrate the numerous aspects of membrane assembly into a coherent framework. The articles in here reflect this. Statting with detailed contributions on phospholipid structure, dynamics, organization and biogenesis, an up to date overview of the basic, lipidic backbone of biomembranes is given. Extensive progress is made in the research on membrane protein biosynthesis. In particular the post- and co-translational modification processes of proteins, the mechanisms of protein translocation and the sorting mechanisms which are necessary to direct proteins to their final, intra - or extracellular destination have been characterized in detail. Modern genetic approaches were indispensable in this research area: gene cloning, hybrid protein construction, site directed mutagenesis and sequencing techniques elucidated many functional aspects of specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.
Download or read book Regulation of Membrane Lipid Metabolism written by Guy A. Thompson and published by Springer. This book was released on 1980-04-03 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the current knowledge on the metabolism of membrane lipids, emphasizing the regulatory interactions. Somewhere between a general textbook and a comprehensive review article, for students who want to apply their learning from a basic biochemistry course to problems involving membranes. Also useful to researchers in related fields, whose work sometimes involves membranes. Extensively updated from the 1980 edition. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book Studying Lipid protein Interaction Using Proteinacous Supported Lipid Bilayers from Cell Membranes written by Chih-Yun Hsia and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Membrane proteins play important roles in cell biology and thus it is crucial to develop methods to access their functional information for further applications such as drug discovery screening or disease prevention. In order to study membrane species in their natural structure and functions, we introduce platforms using supported lipid bilayers (SLB) to house these targeted species. SLBs not only mimic natural cell membrane environments but also allow heterogeneous bilayer patterning. It is known that the cell membrane is not merely composed of a well-mixed single lipid phase, but has distinct lipid micro-domains of co-existing phases, lipid raft and liquid-disorder phase, and this feature has been suggested to play a key role in regulating several cellular activities, as some proteins have been shown to exhibit different activity levels depending on specific lipid interactions. Therefore, we aim to determine the preference of membrane proteins with lipid raft phases, and understand the influence of lipid environment on regulating protein activity level, revealing important mechanisms of membrane proteins function in cells. Toward this goal, we first patterned two-phase coexistent SLBs inside a microfluidic to mimic membrane heterogeneities and quantify partition kinetics of membrane-bound species in this platform (Chapter 2). To further extend the platform to study membrane protein behavior, we then developed a novel strategy to incorporate membrane proteins in SLBs without exposing them to harsh detergent to retain their native structure and functionality. In this dissertation, I will present our advances on using mammalian cell blebs (Chapter 3) and bacterial outer membrane vesicles (Chapter 4) as an intermediate to delivery membrane proteins into a SLB. A detailed characterization of bilayer properties and membrane protein functionalities will also be covered in these chapters. Finally, in Chapter 5 I will provide a broader view of how our work could be useful to study and identify the regulatory lipid-protein interactions, which is a pressing issue for a better understanding of a wide range of biological processes. ...
Download or read book Membrane Organization and Dynamics written by Amitabha Chattopadhyay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-06 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together information on membrane organization and dynamics from a variety of spectroscopic, microscopic and simulation approaches, spanning a broad range of time scales. The implication of such dynamic information on membrane function in health and disease is a topic of contemporary interest. The chapters cover various aspects of membrane lipid and protein dynamics, explored using a battery of experimental and theoretical approaches. The synthesis of information and knowledge gained by utilizing multiple approaches will provide the reader with a comprehensive understanding of the underlying membrane dynamics and function, which will help to develop robust dynamic models for the understanding of membrane function in healthy and diseased states. In the last few years, crystal structures of an impressive number of membrane proteins have been reported, thanks to tremendous advances in membrane protein crystallization techniques. Some of these recently solved structures belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family, which are particularly difficult to crystallize due to their intrinsic flexibility. Nonetheless, these static structures do not provide the necessary information to understand the function of membrane proteins in the complex membrane milieu. This volume will address the dynamic nature of membrane proteins within the membrane and will provide the reader with an up-to date overview of the theory and practical approaches that can be used. This volume will be invaluable to researchers working in a wide range of scientific areas, from biochemistry and molecular biology to biophysics and protein science. Students of these fields will also find this volume very useful. This book will also be of great use to those who are interested in the dynamic nature of biological processes.
Download or read book Structure and Dynamics of Membranes written by R. Lipowsky and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-06-15 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume of the Handbook deals with the amazing world of biomembranes and lipid bilayers. Part A describes all aspects related to the morphology of these membranes, beginning with the complex architecture of biomembranes, continues with a description of the bizarre morphology of lipid bilayers and concludes with technological applications of these membranes. The first two chapters deal with biomembranes, providing an introduction to the membranes of eucaryotes and a description of the evolution of membranes. The following chapters are concerned with different aspects of lipids including the physical properties of model membranes composed of lipid-protein mixtures, lateralphase separation of lipids and proteins and measurement of lipid-protein bilayer diffusion. Other chapters deal with the flexibility of fluid bilayers, the closure of bilayers into vesicles which attain a large variety of different shapes, and applications of lipid vesicles and liposomes. Part B covers membrane adhesion, membrane fusion and the interaction of biomembranes withpolymer networks such as the cytoskeleton. The first two chapters of this part discuss the generic interactions of membranes from the conceptual point of view. The following two chapters summarize the experimental work on two different bilayer systems. The next chapter deals with the process ofcontact formation, focal bounding and macroscopic contacts between cells. The cytoskeleton within eucaryotic cells consists of a network of relatively stiff filaments of which three different types of filaments have been identified. As explained in the next chapter much has been recently learned aboutthe interaction of these filaments with the cell membrane. The final two chapters deal with membrane fusion.
