Download or read book Proprietary Costs Governance on the Segment Disclosure Decision written by Ana Gisbert and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on the Spanish setting, traditionally characterized by high ownership concentration and a regulatory framework which has traditionally given more priority to the avoidance of proprietary and competition costs related to segment disclosures than promoting transparency, this paper aims to identify the main factors influencing the segment reporting decision. In particular, we aim to test whether the strength of the concentrated ownership structures together with the remaining pre-IAS reporting philosophy offsets the role of independent directors. If this is the case, it would be in spite of the new IAS/IFRS reporting standards based on relevance and transparency, and would also run counter to the improvements in the Spanish governance framework which strengthens the presence of independent non-executive directors. The empirical evidence suggests that under the new IAS/IFRS reporting philosophy, proprietary costs may have lost relevance due to the introduction of mandatory segment information requirements. In addition, within an institutional context of high ownership concentration independent directors play a significant role in raising the level of reported information. The context of the new IFRS 8 offers new opportunities to observe how governance and proprietary costs affect the new “management approach” for segment reporting classification.
Download or read book An Analysis of the Proprietary Costs of Segment Disclosure written by Cristi Anne Gleason and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the proprietary costs of line-of-business (LOB) reporting. Despite research documenting many benefits of LOB reporting, no research has directly examined the proprietary costs resulting from mandatory segment reporting. My empirical examination of proprietary costs supports the theoretical expectation that the expected proprietary costs of LOB reporting exceeded expected related benefits for manufacturing firms that reported segment information only when required to do so by the SEC. Firms that elected not to report segment information voluntarily had higher levels of market power. Hence these firms faced greater expected costs from competitor entry, pressure from labor groups, suppliers and customers, and government regulation. These firms also obtained less additional financing in the years prior to the SEC requirement, consistent with lower expected benefits. However, my results do not provide any evidence that these involuntary reporters subsequently incurred the expected proprietary costs. In contrast, my results show that voluntary reporters were more likely to obtain financing during the voluntary reporting period, suggesting that differing benefits rather than proprietary costs distinguish voluntary and mandated reporters. This result is consistent with the position of the FASB and with statements made by other supporters of segment reporting, dismissing concerns over substantial competitive harm.
Download or read book Quality of Segment Reporting written by Fatin Nur Syafiqa Anuar and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Segment Profitability and the Proprietary and Agency Costs of Disclosure written by Philip G. Berger and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We exploit the change in U.S. segment reporting rules (from SFAS 14 to SFAS 131) to examine two motives for managers to conceal segment profits: proprietary costs and agency costs. Managers face proprietary costs of segment disclosure if the revelation of a segment that earns high abnormal profits attracts more competition and hence reduces the abnormal profits. Managers face agency costs of segment disclosure if the revelation of a segment that earns low abnormal profits reveals unresolved agency problems and hence leads to heightened external monitoring. By comparing a hand-collected sample of restated SFAS 131 segments with historical SFAS 14 segments, we examine at the segment level whether managers' disclosure decisions are influenced by their proprietary and agency cost motives to conceal segment profits. Specifically, we test two hypotheses: (1) when the proprietary cost motive dominates, managers tend to withhold the segments with relatively high abnormal profits (hereafter, the proprietary cost motive hypothesis), and (2) when the agency cost motive dominates, managers tend to withhold the segments with relatively low abnormal profits (hereafter, the agency cost motive hypothesis). Our results are consistent with the agency cost motive hypothesis, whereas we find mixed evidence with regard to the proprietary cost motive hypothesis.
Download or read book The Determinants of Segment Level Tax Expense Disclosure written by Fabio B. Gaertner and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, we examine managers' decision to report segment-level profit on a before-tax or after-tax basis. A consequence of defining segment-level profit on an after-tax basis internally is that segment-level tax expense must be disclosed in the financial statements. Consistent with the management approach underpinning segment reporting rules, we find that firms which appear to be using an after-tax profit measure internally are more likely to report segment-level profit on an after-tax basis. However, this association is only present for operating segments that are defined on a non-geographic basis. In the sample of firms that define operating segments on a geographic basis, proprietary costs considerations, rather than internal reporting, appear to drive managers' reporting decision. Overall, our results suggest managers use discretion to reduce disclosure quality of segment-level tax information for firms with geographic-based operating segments.
Download or read book Segment Disclosures Proprietary Costs and the Market for Corporate Control written by Philip G. Berger and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies provide evidence that the new segment reporting rule, SFAS 131, induced companies to provide more disaggregated segment information. We use adoption of the new standard to identify firms that aggregated segment information under the old standard, SFAS 14, and examine two motives for managers to aggregate segment information. First, withholding proprietary information and, second, avoiding external scrutiny from the market for corporate control. We find firms that increased their segment disclosure on adoption of SFAS 131 (i.e., firms that aggregated segment data under SFAS 14) had higher abnormal profitability and operations with more divergent performance. We do not, however, find a significant decline in abnormal profits for these firms after SFAS 131, suggesting their concerns that more disaggregated reporting would result in competitive harm were unwarranted. We also document a negative association between aggregating segment information and the probability of takeover activities in the pre-SFAS 131 period. Firms that are forced to provide more disaggregated information under the new standard face a higher takeover likelihood in the post-SFAS 131 period. These results suggest that the more disaggregated disclosure generated by the new standard facilitates the market for corporate control.
Download or read book Proprietary Costs and Determinants of Voluntary Segment Disclosure written by Annalisa Prencipe and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper aims to identify new determinants of the extent of voluntary segment disclosure by using the theoretical framework of the Proprietary Costs Theory, which states that companies limit voluntary disclosure because of proprietary costs, such as preparation and competitive costs. On the basis of the existing literature on this theory and on segment reporting, three hypotheses are theoretically derived, each correlating the level of segment disclosure to a new determinant, specifically the correspondence between the segments and legally identifiable subgroups of companies, the growth rate and the listing status age. The paper also provides further evidence to test the impact of some "traditional" determinants, introduced in the study as control variables. The hypotheses formulated are empirically verified. The analysis is carried out with reference to Italy, because of its limited legal and professional provisions on the topic. For the empirical test, a sample of 64 Italian listed companies is selected and a multiple regression model is used. Results show that, except for the growth rate, the two other new determinants are significantly related to the extent of segment disclosure. These findings confirm that proprietary costs are particularly relevant and limit the incentive for companies to provide segment information to the market.
Download or read book Proprietary Costs and Voluntary Segment Disclosure written by Annalisa Prencipe and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper aims to identify some new determinants of the quality of voluntary segment disclosure by using the theoretical framework of Proprietary Costs Theory. The identified new determinants are correspondence between segments and legally identifiable subgroups of companies, level of detail in segment definition, listing status age and growth rate. The paper also provides further evidence to test the impact of some traditional determinants, which are introduced in the model as control variables. The study is carried out in Italy, which proves to be a particularly suitable setting for the analysis because of its limited legal and professional requirements on the topic. To test the hypotheses, a sample of 67 Italian listed companies was selected and a multiple regression model was used. Except for growth rate, all the other new determinants proved to be significantly related to segment reporting quality, consistently to what hypothesized. These results confirm that proprietary costs are particularly relevant for segment reporting, thus limiting the incentive for the companies to provide this information to the market.
Download or read book Segmental Reporting in Malaysia written by Nik Nadzirah binti Nik Mohamed and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Segment reporting is not a new issue in the disclosure of corporate annual report, either locally or internationally. However, due to the rapid growth experienced by Malaysian companies as a result of globalization and diversified business activities, segment reporting is gaining importance. Since then, there have been many significant changes in the accounting regulation with regards to segment reporting, and apparently, segment information is very much needed in order to better assist stakeholders in making decisions. Hence, this study aims to identify the extents of segment disclosure of financial and non financial information in the corporate annual reports of Malaysian public listed companies. In addition, there is also the need to identify the perception of various stakeholders regarding the importance of financial and non financial information of segment information and to further identify the factors explaining the extents of segment disclosure based on proprietary cost theory. Data for this study were collected through questionnaire surveys, interviews and companies' annual reports. Four years of annual reports were used from a sample of 93 Malaysian public listed companies' and statistical analysis were conducted. The analysis results show that non financial information are more disclosed than financial information. The results also reveal that the introduction of new regulations in FRS 114 has led companies to produce better disclosures than under MASB 22 or previous regulations. The analysis on stakeholders' perception reveals that there is no significant difference towards the importance of financial information among all stakeholders. Financial analysts were found to perceive non financial information as the most important, followed by the group of managers. Overall, non financial information is considered the most essential to all stakeholders in making decisions. Apparently, no significant relationship was found between all independent variables and financial segment disclosure except for number of segment. For the relationship between control variables and financial segment disclosure, only diffusion and return on asset are significant. In contrast, the relationship between independent variables and control variables with non financial segment disclosure are found to be all insignificant. As for interview sessions, results show that company did not highlight significantly the factors of proprietary cost in preparing the segment information disclosure, even though certain determined factors such as cost consideration and sensitivity lead indirectly toward proprietary cost theory. In conclusion, the term proprietary cost theory is still not well-known among preparers of annual report in Malaysian public listed companies. Overall, this study has provided helpful insights to users, preparers, accounting regulators in segment reporting especially in improving the financial reporting so that it is geared to meet stakeholders' expectations.
Download or read book Corporate Governance at the Crossroads written by Marleen Willekens and published by Intersentia nv. This book was released on 2005 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the effectiveness of four traditional corporate governance mechanisms: board of directors, audit committee, internal control and audit, external audit) as monitoring and (to a lesser extent) entrepreneurial devices.
Download or read book Segment Reporting written by International Accounting Standards Committee and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Model Rules of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Download or read book Operating Segments written by Dr. Louise Crawford and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics and Politics of Accounting written by Christian Leuz and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2005-09-15 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accounting and the role of accountants has permeated the modern societies. For the most part we have accepted the impartiality and objectivity of accounting and not recognized how accounting systems are embedded in a country's economic and legal framework, much of which is in turn shaped by political processes. This web of interactions results in complex economic and political questions which require accounting researchers to focus on several related trends: information economics, regulatory economics, sociology, and political science. Although considerable progress has been made in the field of accounting, many fundamental questions are still subject to debate. In this book leading international scholars address a number of important questions: · What is the role of accounting in security valuation, decision making and contracting? · What can we learn from economics-based research in accounting? · What is the role of auditing and how can accounting standards be enforced? · What are the cost and benefits of accounting and disclosure regulation? · What is the role of accounting in society? · How does lobbying affect the political process of standard setting? · What are the consequences of the internationalization of standard setting? This seminal book will be of interest to academics, researchers, and graduate students of Accounting, Finance, Business Studies, Sociology, and Political Economy.
Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Accounting Reporting and Regulation written by Carien van Mourik and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial accounting, reporting and regulation is a vast subject area of huge global importance, with interest rising significantly in the light of the ongoing global financial crisis. The authors begin with a broad overview of the subject of accounting, setting the stage for a discussion on the theoretical and practical issues and debates regarding financial reporting, which are expanded on in the second part of the book. This includes how to define the reporting entity, recognition and measurement of the elements of financial statements, fair values in financial reporting and the costs and benefits of disclosure. The third part assesses the interest, need and theories behind the accounting, reporting and regulation industry, while parts four and five look at the institutional, social and economic aspects; with issues such as accounting for environmental management and, accounting regulation and financial reporting in Islamic countries, both issues of ever increasing importance. This authoritative Companion presents a broad overview of the state of these disciplines today, and will provide a comprehensive reference source for students and academics involved in accounting, regulation and reporting.
Download or read book Information Choice in Macroeconomics and Finance written by Laura L. Veldkamp and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-22 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative graduate textbook on information choice, an exciting frontier of research in economics and finance Most theories in economics and finance predict what people will do, given what they know about the world around them. But what do people know about their environments? The study of information choice seeks to answer this question, explaining why economic players know what they know—and how the information they have affects collective outcomes. Instead of assuming what people do or don't know, information choice asks what people would choose to know. Then it predicts what, given that information, they would choose to do. In this textbook, Laura Veldkamp introduces graduate students in economics and finance to this important new research. The book illustrates how information choice is used to answer questions in monetary economics, portfolio choice theory, business cycle theory, international finance, asset pricing, and other areas. It shows how to build and test applied theory models with information frictions. And it covers recent work on topics such as rational inattention, information markets, and strategic games with heterogeneous information. Illustrates how information choice is used to answer questions in monetary economics, portfolio choice theory, business cycle theory, international finance, asset pricing, and other areas Teaches how to build and test applied theory models with information frictions Covers recent research on topics such as rational inattention, information markets, and strategic games with heterogeneous information
Download or read book An Analysis of the Proprietary Costs of Segment Reporting written by Cristi Anne Gleason and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
