Download or read book Madame le Professeur written by Jo Burr Margadant and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-15 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collective biography of France's first generation of female secondary schoolteachers, this book examines the conflict between their public and private lives and places their new professional standing wtihin the political culture of the Third Republic. Jo Burr Margadant charts the responses of women who attended the nornmal school of Sevres during the 1880s to their roles as teachers and subordinates in the public school system, their plight as outsiders in the social community, and their gains toward educational reforms. These women emerge as pioneers struggling to forge careers in an elite profession, which was separate and inferior to its male equivalent and also controlled by men. Margadant explains that the first women teacher in girls' colleges and lycees were expected to project an intellectually assertive presence in the classroom while maintaining a maternal solicitude toward students and a modest, self-effacing style with superiors. Many who succeeded progressed to administrative jobs and, in some cases, filled official posts left vacant by men during the First World War. The author shows how these achievements led to the transformations of girls' secondary schools into replicas of those for boys and to equal treatment for women and men in the teaching profession. Jo Burr Margadant is Lecturer in History at Santa Clara University. Originally published in 1990. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.
Download or read book Report of the Commissioner of Education written by United States. Office of Education and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 1222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report of the Commissioner of Education Made to the Secretary of the Interior for the Year with Accompanying Papers written by United States. Bureau of Education and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 1284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report of the Commissioner of Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 1220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book State Education for the People written by and published by . This book was released on 1890 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book House documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 1220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Annual Report of the Commissioner of Education written by United States. Office of Education and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 1226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Education pamphlets written by and published by . This book was released on 1887 with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Annual Report of the Department of the Interior written by United States. Department of the Interior and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 1226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report of the Federal Security Agency written by United States. Office of Education and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 1220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Subjects of the Day written by James Samuelson and published by . This book was released on 1890 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Women Educators in the Third Republic written by Jo Burr Frederickson Margadant and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discriminating Democracy written by Emmanuelle Sandrine Chapin and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissertation analyzes the projects of popular theater devised by the republican governments and assemblies, 1878 to 1893, in order to understand the conflicted point of view of republicans with regard to the democratization of art. In the 1880s, the four state-subsidized theaters (the Opéra, the Opéra-Comique, the Comédie-Française, and the Odéon) had a very select audience. Yet, republicans were divided on the issue of its diversification. On the one hand, the purportedly inferior moral capacities of the popular public made dramatic performances hazardous without a prior education of its will. On the other hand, it was fair to let people who paid for the upkeep of state-subsidized theaters access these institutions and to fulfill the wish of a significant part of the population to acquaint themselves with high-brow culture. The successive projects of popular theater represent the various solutions imagined by republican governments to reconcile two contradictory impulses, democratization and discrimination. They show how a culture of prejudices, inherited from previous regimes, progressively came to terms with a new conception of justice, more respectful of individuals' autonomy and sovereignty. At the end of the 1870s, the minister of public instruction and fine arts Agénor Bardoux denied that the state had any responsibility to democratize art. He variously argued that democratization happened spontaneously or that the artistic mission of the state did not include the dissemination of works. Jules Ferry believed that the state owed a theater to the lower classes, but, convinced that lower classes were inferior in their aptitudes, he imagined a popular lyric theater that would be the pale copy of the Opéra. Finally, Léon Bourgeois accepted the director of the Opéra's proposition that the institution should organize reduced-price performances. Bourgeois thought it more conducive to social peace to promote a common culture than to cultivate separate class identities. In his mind, the difference between the people and the elite should consist in their respective degrees of exposure to high-brow culture. The study of theatrical democratization in the 1880s shows that French republicans abided by two principles of government. One, which reflected the republicans' universalist credo, advocated the equal treatment of individuals by virtue of their equal rights. The other, inspired by utilitarian tenets, defended the differentiated treatment of individuals on the grounds of their unequal aptitudes. This dissertation argues that the ambiguity of the notion of merit in the republicans' discourse (did it lie in the essence of a social group or was it the result of individuals' actions?) informed a tension between the desire to extend liberties and democratize elite practices, on the one hand, and the perceived necessity to control activities and discriminate against the people, on the other.
Download or read book Exclusions written by Julie Fette and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-27 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1930s, the French Third Republic banned naturalized citizens from careers in law and medicine for up to ten years after they had obtained French nationality. In 1940, the Vichy regime permanently expelled all lawyers and doctors born of foreign fathers and imposed a 2 percent quota on Jews in both professions. On the basis of extensive archival research, Julie Fette shows in Exclusions that doctors and lawyers themselves, despite their claims to embody republican virtues, persuaded the French state to enact this exclusionary legislation. At the crossroads of knowledge and power, lawyers and doctors had long been dominant forces in French society: they ran hospitals and courts, doubled as university professors, held posts in parliament and government, and administered justice and public health for the nation. Their social and political influence was crucial in spreading xenophobic attitudes and rendering them more socially acceptable in France. Fette traces the origins of this professional protectionism to the late nineteenth century, when the democratization of higher education sparked efforts by doctors and lawyers to close ranks against women and the lower classes in addition to foreigners. The legislatively imposed delays on the right to practice law and medicine remained in force until the 1970s, and only in 1997 did French lawyers and doctors formally recognize their complicity in the anti-Semitic policies of the Vichy regime. Fette's book is a powerful contribution to the argument that French public opinion favored exclusionary measures in the last years of the Third Republic and during the Holocaust.
Download or read book The National Union Catalog Pre 1956 Imprints written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Catalog of Government Publications in the Research Libraries written by New York Public Library. Economic and Public Affairs Division and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
