Download or read book Proportionality and Transformation written by Francisca Pou Giménez and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ""This is the first book to address the theory and practice of proportionality in Latin America. It will be of interest to constitutional law scholars, legal practitioners and students interested in understanding how proportionality is part of larger projects of using constitutional law to confront and eradicate high levels of social inequality.""--
Download or read book Proportionality and Transformation written by Francisca Pou-Giménez and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-11-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book on proportionality in Latin American constitutional law. Leading scholars in the region explore how proportionality analysis has become a key part of the constitutional law of a region where, almost paradoxically, constitutions with clear transformative intentions coexist with the highest indicators of social inequality in the world. In this book, scholars, practitioners and students will find a fascinating account of how proportionality has been a central concept in Latin America's constitutional struggles to curtail excessive uses of state power. The book illustrates how, more recently, proportionality has played an important role in national processes of constitutionalization and transitional justice, and how its current uses in the domain of social rights endow it with a distinctive meaning and role in regional constitutionalism. This pioneering book opens up the space for a much needed global conversation on how Latin America has decisively contributed to comparative constitutional law.
Download or read book Proportionality Balancing and Constitutional Governance written by Alec Stone Sweet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Alec Stone Sweet and Jud Mathews focus on the law and politics of rights protection in democracies, and in human rights regimes in Europe, the Americas, and Africa. After introducing the basic features of modern constitutions, with their emphasis on rights and judicial review, the authors present a theory of proportionality that explains why constitutional judges embraced it. Proportionality analysis is a highly intrusive mode of judicial supervision: it permits state officials to limit rights, but only when necessary to achieve a sufficiently important public interest. Since the 1950s, virtually every powerful domestic and international court has adopted proportionality analysis as the central method for protecting rights. In doing so, judges positioned themselves to review all important legislative and administrative decisions, and to invalidate them as unconstitutional when such policies fail the proportionality test. The result has been a massive - and global - transformation of law and politics. The book explicates the concepts of 'trusteeship', the 'system of constitutional justice', the 'effectiveness' of rights adjudication, and the 'zone of proportionality'. A wide range of case studies analyse: how proportionality has spread, and variation in how it is deployed; the extent to which the U.S. Supreme Court has evolved and resisted similar doctrines; the role of proportionality in building ongoing 'constitutional dialogues' with the other branches of government; and the importance of the principle to the courts of regional human rights regimes. While there is variance in the intensity of proportionality-based dialogues, such interactions are today at the very heart of governance in the modern constitutional state and beyond.
Download or read book A Critique of Proportionality and Balancing written by Francisco J. Urbina and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive critique of the principle of proportionality and balancing as applied to human and constitutional rights.
Download or read book The Principle of Proportionality in European Law A Comparative Study written by Nicholas Emiliou and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-02-23 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this study is to present a comparative legal analysis of proportionality. It provides a close examination of the key areas in which this principle has been applied, both at the national and supranational levels. The whole work is placed in the context of transformation of public law in the twentieth century. As many important general principles of law as applied by the Court of Justice have been borrowed from German and French law, a comparative study of the various forms which this principle has assumed in both German and French public law is presented. The book then offers an in-depth analysis of the application and impact of the principle of proportionality in EC law. The introduction and development of this principle by the Court of Justice represents one of the most striking examples of the interaction between the Community and national legal systems. It also illustrates the character of Community law as developed by the Court and the law-making function of the latter.
Download or read book Phase Transformations in Metals and Alloys written by David A. Porter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-11-07 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised to reflect recent developments in the field, Phase Transformation in Metals and Alloys, Fourth Edition, continues to be the most authoritative and approachable resource on the subject. It supplies a comprehensive overview of specific types of phase transformations, supplemented by practical case studies of engineering alloys. The book’s unique presentation links a basic understanding of theory with application in a gradually progressive yet exciting manner. Based on the authors’ teaching notes, the text takes a pedagogical approach and provides examples for applications and problems that can be readily used for exercises. NEW IN THE FOURTH EDITION 40% of the figures and 30% of the text Insights provided by numerical modelling techniques such as ab initio, phase field, cellular automaton, and molecular dynamics Insights from the application of advanced experimental techniques, such as high-energy X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, combined with electron backscattered diffraction New treatment of ternary phase diagrams and solubility products The concept of paraequilibrium in systems containing highly mobile interstitial elements Thermodynamics of grain boundaries and the influence of segregation on grain boundary diffusion Reference to software tools for solving diffusion problems in multicomponent systems Introduction to concepts related to coincident site lattices and methods for determining the dislocation content of grain boundaries and interfaces Updated treatment of coherency and interface structure including the important fcc–bcc interfaces Treatment of metallic glasses expanded to cover critical cooling rate Austin–Rickets equation introduced as an alternative to the Avrami equation in the case of precipitation kinetics Discussion of the effects of overlap in nucleation, growth and coarsening Discussion of pearlite and bainite transformations updated Entirely new and extensive treatment of diffusionless martensitic transformations covering athermal and thermally activated martensite in ferrous systems as well as shape memory, superelasticity and rubber-like behavior in ordered nonferrous alloys New practical applications covering spinodal alloys, fir-tree structures in aluminum castings, Al–Cu–Li aerospace alloys, superelastic and shape memory alloys, quenched and partitioned steels, advanced high-strength steels and martensitic stainless steels Each chapter now concludes with a summary of the main points References to scientific publications and suggestions for further reading updated to reflect experimental and computational advances Aimed at students studying metallurgy and materials science and engineering, the Fourth Edition retains the previous editions’ popular easy-to-follow style and excellent mix of basic and advanced information, making it ideal for those who are new to the field. A new solutions manual and PowerPoint figure slides are available to adopting professors.
Download or read book Proportionality and Judicial Activism written by Niels Petersen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principle of proportionality is currently one of the most discussed topics in the field of comparative constitutional law. Many critics claim that courts use the proportionality test as an instrument of judicial self-empowerment. Proportionality and Judicial Activism tests this hypothesis empirically; it systematically and comparatively analyses the fundamental rights jurisprudence of the Canadian Supreme Court, the German Federal Constitutional Court and the South African Constitutional Court. The book shows that the proportionality test does give judges a considerable amount of discretion. However, this analytical openness does not necessarily lead to judicial activism. Instead, judges are faced with significant institutional constraints, as a result of which all three examined courts refrain from using proportionality for purposes of judicial activism.
Download or read book Proportional Hazards Regression written by John O'Quigley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-25 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The place in survival analysis now occupied by proportional hazards models and their generalizations is so large that it is no longer conceivable to offer a course on the subject without devoting at least half of the content to this topic alone. This book focuses on the theory and applications of a very broad class of models – proportional hazards and non-proportional hazards models, the former being viewed as a special case of the latter – which underlie modern survival analysis. Researchers and students alike will find that this text differs from most recent works in that it is mostly concerned with methodological issues rather than the analysis itself.
Download or read book Proportional Optimization and Fairness written by Wieslaw Kubiak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-16 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proportional Optimization and Fairness is a long-needed attempt to reconcile optimization with apportionment in just-in-time (JIT) sequences and find the common ground in solving problems ranging from sequencing mixed-model just-in-time assembly lines through just-in-time batch production, balancing workloads in event graphs to bandwidth allocation internet gateways and resource allocation in computer operating systems. The book argues that apportionment theory and optimization based on deviation functions provide natural benchmarks for a process, and then looks at the recent research and developments in the field. Individual chapters look at the theory of apportionment and just-in-time sequences; minimization of just-in-time sequence deviation; optimality of cyclic sequences and the oneness; bottleneck minimization; competition-free instances, Fraenkel’s Conjecture, and optimal admission sequences; response time variability; applications to the Liu-Layland Problem and pinwheel scheduling; temporal capacity constraints and supply chain balancing; fair queuing and stride scheduling; and smoothing and batching.
Download or read book The Concept of Proportionality in Public Law written by CHUNG Wai Man, Franco and published by City University of HK Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proportionality is a German, and thus continental European, concept in public law that is applied by both the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The principle specifies that measures adopted by executive authorities should not exceed the limits of what is appropriate and necessary in order to achieve legitimate objectives in the interest of the public. Using a functional comparative approach, this book evaluates the extent to which proportionality has been integrated into the English and Hong Kong judicial systems by comparing case law in these courts with that of the CJEU and the ECtHR. The text also reviews the development of proportionality and presents a topical understanding of why its adoption and application have encountered difficulties, particularly regarding socio-economic rights, in some jurisdictions, such as the United Kingdom and Hong Kong. Written by a scholar with experience from both within the Hong Kong judicial system and from international research, this book is the first all-encompassing reference for legal practitioners worldwide.
Download or read book Borrowing Justification for Proportionality written by João Andrade Neto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-11 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proportionality test, as proposed in Robert Alexy’s principles theory, is becoming commonplace in comparative constitutional studies. And yet, the question “are courts justified in borrowing proportionality?” has not been expressly put in many countries where judicial borrowings are a reality. This book sheds light on this question and examines the circumstances under which courts are authorized to borrow from alien legal sources to rule on constitutional cases. Taking the Supreme Federal Court of Brazil – and its enthusiastic recourse to proportionality when interpreting the Federal Constitution – as a case study, the book investigates the normative reasons that could justify the court’s attitude and offers a comprehensive overview of its case law on controversial constitutional matters like abortion, same-sex union, racial quotas, and the right to public healthcare. Providing a valuable resource for those interested in comparative constitutional law and legal theory, or curious about Brazilian constitutional law, this book questions the alleged universality of the proportionality test, challenges the premises of Alexy’s principles theory, and discloses more than 68 Brazilian Supreme Court decisions delivered from 2003 to 2018 that would otherwise have remained unknown to an English-speaking audience.
Download or read book Complete Algebra written by Herbert Ellsworth Slaught and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chinese Research Perspectives on Society Volume 6 written by Peilin LI and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Front Matter --Copyright page --Figures and Tables --Expanding the Middle-Income Groups, Building a Middle Class-Dominated Modern Society--Analysis and Forecast of China's Social Conditions during the Period 2016-2017 /Research Group for Social Situation Analysis and Forecast, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and Guangjin Chen --Report on the Income and Spending of China's Urban and Rural Residents in 2016 /Qingzhe Lyu --The Impact of the Adjustment of China's Industrial Structure on the Employment of College Graduates in 2016 /Rong Mo and Xinyu Wang --Changes in the Income Gap of Chinese Residents in 2016 /Yiyong Yang and Zhenhe Chi --Continual Improvements in China's Social Security System in 2016 /Fayun Wang and Wei Wu --Report on Education Reform and Development in China in 2016 /Lei Fan --Report on the Development of China's Health Care in 2016 /Lijie Fang --Research Report on the New Social Class in China's Megacities--Based on Surveys in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou /Haidong Zhang, Chengchen Yang and Siqi Lai --Changes in the Living Conditions of the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas and Future Trends--Based on Data Analysis of Four National Surveys during the Period 2000-2015 /Haitao Wang, Yu Fang and Zheng Ouyang --Leisure, Class Status and Reading for Pleasure /Yi Zhang --Report on the Usage of the Internet and Social Networks in China in 2016 /Di Zhu, Feng Tian and Xiaobing Wang --Research Report on the Chinese Public's Knowledge of and Attitudes towards Genetic Modification /Guangxi He, Miao Liao, Changhui Shi, Wenxia Zhang and Yandong Zhao --Research Report on the Values and Belief System of Young Employees of Chinese Enterprises /Chen Chen --Report on the Analysis of Internet Public Opinion in China in 2016 /Huaxin Zhu, Yufeng Pan and Xiaoran Chen --Progress Report on China's Rural Land Property Rights Reform in 2016 /Qiang Gao --Report on the Situation of Food and Drug Safety in China in 2016 /Jie Luo and Hao Zhang --The State of and New Issues in China's Environmental Protection in 2016 /Feng Jia, Ke Yang, Huicong Zhang, Shuo Tian, Jingyi Huang, Zijiao Zhang and Liantong Zhou --Report on the Analysis of the Situation of Public Safety in China in 2016 /Yandong Zhou and Zhigang Gong --The Status of Workers in the Supply-Side Structural Reform in 2016 /Jian Qiao --Report on Women's Development in China in 2016 /Yunzhu Jia --Statistical Overview of China's Social Development (2016) /Liping Zhang --Back Matter --Index.
Download or read book Resource Proportional Software Design for Emerging Systems written by Suparna Bhattacharya and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-21 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efficiency is a crucial concern across computing systems, from the edge to the cloud. Paradoxically, even as the latencies of bottleneck components such as storage and networks have dropped by up to four orders of magnitude, software path lengths have progressively increased due to overhead from the very frameworks that have revolutionized the pace of information technology. Such overhead can be severe enough to overshadow the benefits from switching to new technologies like persistent memory and low latency interconnects. Resource Proportional Software Design for Emerging Systems introduces resource proportional design (RPD) as a principled approach to software component and system development that counters the overhead of deeply layered code without removing flexibility or ease of development. RPD makes resource consumption proportional to situational utility by adapting to diverse emerging needs and technology systems evolution. Highlights: Analysis of run-time bloat in deep software stacks, an under-explored source of power-performance wastage in IT systems Qualitative and quantitative treatment of key dimensions of resource proportionality Code features: Unify and broaden supported but optional features without losing efficiency Technology and systems evolution: Design software to adapt with changing trade-offs as technology evolves Data processing: Design systems to predict which subsets of data processed by an (analytics or ML) application are likely to be useful System wide trade-offs: Address interacting local and global considerations throughout software stacks and hardware including cross-layer co-design involving code, data and systems dimensions, and non-functional requirements such as security and fault tolerance Written from a systems perspective to explore RPD principles, best practices, models and tools in the context of emerging technologies and applications This book is primarily geared towards practitioners with some advanced topics for researchers. The principles shared in the book are expected to be useful for programmers, engineers and researchers interested in ensuring software and systems are optimized for existing and next generation technologies. The authors are from both industry (Bhattacharya and Voigt) and academic (Gopinath) backgrounds.
Download or read book The Encyclopedia Britannica written by and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Encyclop dia Britannica written by Hugh Chisholm and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proportionality and Deference in Investor State Arbitration written by Caroline Henckels and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Caroline Henckels examines how investment tribunals should balance competing state and investor interests in determining state liability in regulatory disputes.
