Download or read book Progression of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification written by William Arguelles and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are few published data describing the progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, the progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC; a measure of subclinical CVD), and how these processes relate to one another. Most previous studies have been limited by cross-sectional designs and small or restricted samples. The few prospective studies examining these relationships have used baseline CVD risk factor values to predict CAC change scores, and have yielded inconsistent findings. This study used latent growth modeling to examine how progression in specific cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs; waist circumference, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose) relates to incidence and progression of CAC in a multi-ethnic cohort of 4,560 asymptomatic individuals, controlling for baseline risk factor and CAC values, age, race/ethnicity, smoking, family history of CVD, income, and time-varying use of antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and glucose-lowering medications. All analyses were conducted separately on men (n = 2,132) and on women (n = 2,428). Consistent with an earlier study of this sample (Kronmal et al., 2007), several CRFs at baseline were associated with CAC incidence and progression. Some gender differences in these associations were further outlined. Among individuals that had undetectable CAC at baseline, change over time in CRFs was not related to incidence of CAC in either men or women. Among women who had detectable CAC at baseline, regression (or less progression) in systolic (B = -3.173, p
Download or read book Coronary Artery Calcification and Its Progression as a Marker of Asymptomatic Coronary Atherosclerosis written by Julie Elizabeth Maher and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coronary artery calcium screening risk factors progression and cardiovascular events written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Coronary Artery Disease Progression and Calcification in Metabolic Syndrome written by Mikaela Lee McKenney and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For years, the leading killer of Americans has been coronary artery disease (CAD), which has a strong correlation to the U.S. obesity epidemic. Obesity, along with the presence of other risk factors including hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure, comprise of the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The presentation of multiple MetS risk factors increases a patients risk for adverse cardiovascular events. CAD is a complex progressive disease. We utilized the superb model of CAD and MetS, the Ossabaw miniature swine, to investigate underlying mechanisms of CAD progression. We studied the influence of coronary epicardial adipose tissue (cEAT) and coronary smooth muscle cell (CSM) intracellular Ca2+ regulation on CAD progression. By surgical excision of cEAT from MetS Ossabaw, we observed an attenuation of CAD progression. This finding provides evidence for a link between local cEAT and CAD progression. Intracellular Ca2+ is a tightly regulated messenger in CSM that initiates contraction, translation, proliferation and migration. When regulation is lost, CSM dedifferentiate from their mature, contractile phenotype found in the healthy vascular wall to a synthetic, proliferative phenotype. Synthetic CSM are found in intimal plaque of CAD patients. We investigated the changes in intracellular Ca2+ signaling in enzymatically isolated CSM from Ossabaw swine with varying stages of CAD using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator, fura-2. This time course study revealed heightened Ca2+ signaling in early CAD followed by a significant drop off in late stage calcified plaque. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a result of dedifferentiation into an osteogenic CSM that secretes hydroxyapatite in the extracellular matrix. CAC is clinically detected by computed tomography (CT). Microcalcifications have been linked to plaque instability/rupture and cannot be detected by CT. We used 18F-NaF positron emission tomography (PET) to detect CAC in Ossabaw swine with early stage CAD shown by mild neointimal thickening. This study validated 18F-NaF PET as a diagnostic tool for early, molecular CAC at a stage prior to lesions detectable by CT. This is the first report showing non-invasive PET resolution of CAC and CSMC Ca2+ dysfunction at an early stage previously only characterized by invasive cellular Ca2+ imaging.
Download or read book Coronary Artery Calcium Screening written by Mette Hjortdal Grønhøj and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease written by Naranjan S. Dhalla and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-31 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease has been divided into four sections that focus on heart dysfunction and its associated characteristics (hypertrophy, cardiomyopathy and failure); vascular dysfunction and disease; ischemic heart disease; and novel therapeutic interventions. This volume is a compendium of different approaches to understanding cardiovascular disease and identifying the proteins, pathways and processes that impact it.
Download or read book Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease written by Johnny Chahine and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-04-06 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease raises awareness about the importance of early recognition and prevention of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. Some non-modifiable factors, like diabetes, can even be impacted by lifestyle modification (like weight loss) early in the disease. This book also describes cardiovascular risk factors in different patient populations and work settings.
Download or read book Cardiovascular Calcification written by Michael Henein and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-09-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book systematically describes the clinical and scientific aspects of cardiovascular calcification. Chapters detail the mechanisms associated with arterial and valve calcification, relevant risk factors, pathophysiology and the latest therapeutic techniques. Recent diagnostic technological developments including how computed tomography (CT) scanning can be utilized along with Agatston score to quantify coronary arterial calcification when investigating whether a patient for sub-clinical atherosclerosis are covered. The correlation with the presence of arterial calcification and extent of coronary stenosis is also explored. Cardiovasular Calcification details relevant aspects of the basic science and reviews the latest pathological and therapeutic techniques used in treating patients with cardiovascular calcification. It is therefore an essential resource for practicing cardiologists, cardiac surgeons, vascular specialists and radiologists.
Download or read book Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification by Depression and Social Support written by Matthew Dekker and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigated the association between and the progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in a large, multiethnic sample using linear mixed effects models as well as the potential buffering role of social support in the association this association. Data were drawn from the first five waves of the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) from 2000 to 2011. Depression was the covariate of interest and measured by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. The primary outcome, CAC progression, was measured at multiple time points across study waves using chest computed tomography (CT). Social support was measured using the ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI) at baseline and individuals were characterized by ESSI quartile. A linear mixed effects model with random slope and intercept was utilized to evaluate the association of baseline depression and the progression of repeated CAC measurements over time adjusted for relevant demographic and clinical covariates. A +1 SD difference in CES-D score was associated with a decrease in CAC progression of 1.5 Agatston units per year (Beta = -1.5, 95% CI = -2.9, -0.1). Estimates varied minimally when grouped by ESSI quartile (Q1: -1.0 [-3.2, 1.1], Q2: -3.7 [-6.8,-0.6], Q3: -0.1 [-3.5, 3.2], Q4: -2.1 [-7.8, 3.5]). We observed a small but clinically insignificant inverse association between baseline CES-D score and the progression of CAC overall, and no meaningful differences were observed by quartile of ESSI. This study was the first to use linear mixed effects modelling for the association between depression and CVD as well as the first to incorporate the potential buffering role of social support.
Download or read book Risk Factors for Progression of Atherosclerosis Measured by Coronary Angiography Among Postmenopausal Women with Coronary Artery Disease written by Mouhammad Hazem Seirawan and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stroke Genetics written by Hugh S. Markus and published by Oxford Medical Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stroke is a major cause of death and the major cause of adult neurological disability in most of the world. Despite its importance on a population basis, research into the genetics of stroke has lagged behind that of many other disorders. However, the situation is now changing. Anincreasing number of single gene disorders causing stroke are being described, and there is growing evidence that polygenic factors are important in the risk of apparently "sporadic" stroke.Stroke Genetics provides an up-to-date review of the area, suitable for clinicians treating stroke patients, and both clinical and non-clinical researchers in the field of cerebrovascular disease. The full range of monogenic stroke disorders causing cerebrovascular disease, including ischaemicstroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, aneurysms and arteriovenous malformations, are covered. For each, clinical features, diagnosis, and genetics are described. Increasing evidence suggest that genetic factors are also important for the much more common multifactorial stroke; this evidence isreviewed along with the results of genetic studies in this area. Optimal and novel strategies for investigating multifactorial stroke, including the use of intermediate phenotypes such as intima-media thickness and MRI detected small vessel disease are reviewed. The book concludes by describing apractical approach to investigating patients with stroke for underlying genetic disorders. Also included is a list of useful websites.
Download or read book Coronary Primary Prevention Trial written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease written by Elaine B. Feldman and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1976 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolution of Cardio Metabolic Risk from Birth to Middle Age written by Gerald S. Berenson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-09 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: That precursors of adult coronary artery disease, hypertension, and type II diabetes begin in childhood have been clearly established by the Bogalusa Heart Study. This unique research program has been able to follow a biracial (black/white) population over 35 years from childhood through mid-adulthood to provide perspectives on the natural history of adult heart diseases. Not only do these observations describe trajectories of cardio-metabolic risk variables leading to these diseases but provide a rationale for the need to begin prevention beginning in childhood. The trajectories of the burden of cardio-metabolic risk variables in the context of their fetal origin and chromosome telomere dynamics provide some insight into the metabolic imprinting in utero and aging process. The observed racial contrasts on cardio-metabolic risk variables implicate various biologic pathways interacting with environment contributing to the high morbidity and mortality from related diseases in our population. To address the seriousness of the onset of cardiovascular disease in youth, approaches to primordial prevention are described focussing on childhood health education as an important aspect of Preventive Cardiology.
Download or read book The Asia Pacific Perspective written by Asia-Pacific Steering Committee and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Epicardial Adipose Tissue written by Gianluca Iacobellis and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first authoritative and comprehensive volume dedicated to epicardial adipose tissue (EAT). It provides an up-to-date and highly illustrated synopsis of the anatomical, biomolecular, genetic, imaging features, and clinical applications of EAT and its role in cardiovascular disease. It relays to the reader a contemporary view of the emerging interplay between the heart and adiposity-related diseases. In addition, this volume discusses the clinical implications and therapeutic targets of EAT in atrial fibrillation, heart failure and coronary artery disease. Comprehensive yet focused, Epicardial Adipose Tissue: From Cell to Clinic is an essential resource for physicians, residents, fellows, and medical students in cardiology, endocrinology, primary care, and health promotion and disease prevention.
Download or read book Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction written by Filippo Crea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades a number of studies have shown that abnormalities in the function and structure of coronary microcirculation can be detected in several cardiovascular diseases. On the basis of the clinical setting in which it occurs, coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) can be classified into four types: CMD in the absence of any other cardiac disease; CMD in myocardial diseases; CMD in obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease; and iatrogenic CMD. In some instances CMD represents an epiphenomenon, whereas in others it represents an important marker of risk or may contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia, thus becoming a possible therapeutic target. This book provides an update on coronary physiology and a systematic assessment of microvascular abnormalities in cardiovascular diseases, in the hope that it will assist clinicians in prevention, detection and management of CMD in their everyday activity.
