Download or read book Productivity and Reuse in Language written by Timothy J. O'Donnell and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-08-28 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proposal for a formal model, Fragment Grammars, that treats productivity and reuse as the target of inference in a probabilistic framework. Language allows us to express and comprehend an unbounded number of thoughts. This fundamental and much-celebrated property is made possible by a division of labor between a large inventory of stored items (e.g., affixes, words, idioms) and a computational system that productively combines these stored units on the fly to create a potentially unlimited array of new expressions. A language learner must discover a language's productive, reusable units and determine which computational processes can give rise to new expressions. But how does the learner differentiate between the reusable, generalizable units (for example, the affix -ness, as in coolness, orderliness, cheapness) and apparent units that do not actually generalize in practice (for example, -th, as in warmth but not coolth)? In this book, Timothy O'Donnell proposes a formal computational model, Fragment Grammars, to answer these questions. This model treats productivity and reuse as the target of inference in a probabilistic framework, asking how an optimal agent can make use of the distribution of forms in the linguistic input to learn the distribution of productive word-formation processes and reusable units in a given language. O'Donnell compares this model to a number of other theoretical and mathematical models, applying them to the English past tense and English derivational morphology, and showing that Fragment Grammars unifies a number of superficially distinct empirical phenomena in these domains and justifies certain seemingly ad hoc assumptions in earlier theories.
Download or read book Productivity and Reuse in Language written by Timothy John O'Donnell and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Productivity and Reuse in Language written by Timothy J. O'Donnell and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-08-28 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A proposal for a formal model, Fragment Grammars, that treats productivity and reuse as the target of inference in a probabilistic framework.
Download or read book The Concept of Productivity in Linguistics and its Relevance for the English Classroom written by Benedikt Liebsch and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2016 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Leipzig, language: English, abstract: This seminar paper is concerned with the linguistic concept of productivity. The term is defined and factors that limit productivity in linguistics are pointed out (Constraints on Productivity). Finally, the relevance of productivity for English lessons is shown, which should be interesting for teachers to be.
Download or read book Productivity in English Word formation written by Jesús Fernández Domínguez and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2009 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a contribution to the study of morphological productivity, that is, the property of word-formation processes whereby new words are created to satisfy a naming need. It presents an up-to-date picture of this phenomenon, characterising its major attributes and addressing neighbouring theoretical concepts like availability, profitability or lexicalisation. Links are also established between those notions and N+N compounding, a word-formation process regarded as very productive but traditionally overlooked in studies of this type. Unlike other productivity surveys, mostly directed at affixation, a corpus of N+N compounds is here compiled to which the mainstream models of productivity are applied. This allows to detect the pros and cons of those proposals and to propose a model of productivity. Two measures, Indicator of Profitability (π) and Trend of Profitability (Π), are introduced which can be applied across word-formation processes and are able to compute their productivity based on semantic categories.
Download or read book Patterns and Productivity written by Olʹga Sergeevna Akhmanova and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Top Productivity through Software Reuse written by Klaus Schmid and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-06-16 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Software Reuse, ICSR 2011, held in Pohang, South Korea, in June 2011. The 16 revised full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 43 submissions. They are presented together with one keynote, three workshop papers, a doctoral symposium report and two tutorials. Topics of interest are domain analysis and modeling; asset search and retrieval; architecture-centric approaches to reuse; component-based reuse; COTS-based development; generator-based techniques; domain-specific languages; testing in the context of software reuse; aspect-oriented techniques; model-driven development; reuse of non-code artifacts; reengineering for reuse; software product line techniques; quality-aspects of reuse; economic models of reuse; benefit and risk analysis, scoping; legal and managerial aspects of reuse; transition to software reuse; industrial experience with reuse; light-weight approaches; software evolution and reuse.
Download or read book Proceedings of 4th Annual National Conference on Ada Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Creating Assertion Based IP written by Harry D. Foster and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-24 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents formal testplanning guidelines with examples focused on creating assertion-based verification IP. It demonstrates a systematic process for formal specification and formal testplanning, and also demonstrates effective use of assertions languages beyond the traditional language construct discussions Note that there many books published on assertion languages (such as SystemVerilog assertions and PSL). Yet, none of them discuss the important process of testplanning and using these languages to create verification IP. This is the first book published on this subject.
Download or read book Software Process Dynamics written by Raymond J. Madachy and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-12-04 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed for professionals and students in software engineering or information technology who are interested in understanding the dynamics of software development in order to assess and optimize their own process strategies. It explains how simulation of interrelated technical and social factors can provide a means for organizations to vastly improve their processes. It is structured for readers to approach the subject from different perspectives, and includes descriptive summaries of the best research and applications.
Download or read book Software Design Cognitive Aspect written by Francoise Detienne and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering a variety of areas including software analysis, design, coding and maintenance, this text details the research conducted since the 1970s in this fast-developing field before going on to define a computer program from the viewpoint of computing and cognitive psychology. The two essential sides of programming, software production and software understanding, are given detailed treatment, with parallels drawn throughout between studies on processing texts written in natural language and processing computer programs. Of particular interest to researchers, practitioners and graduates in cognitive psychology, cognitive ergonomics and computer science.
Download or read book SDL 97 Time for Testing written by Ana Cavalli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-08-18 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Cavalli and Sarma astutely remarked in the introduction to this volume, it is quite remarkable that SDL '97 may have the first participant younger than SDL itself. SDL '97 provides the opportunity to reflect the course SDL has taken and why it has been successful over two decades where other languages addressing the same market have failed. SDL now also has a permanent companion in MSC (Message Sequence Charts). MSC today is a language in its own right and has its areas of application both in conjunction with SDL and independently or in combination with other techniques. MSC has strong structuring concepts to specify message sequences for large systems and can be used to develop scenarios, which is extremely useful for test and design environments. The SDL Forum today really is the SDL and MSC Forum.
Download or read book Enterprise Business Process and Information Systems Modeling written by Iris Reinhartz-Berger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-22 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of two events held at the CAiSE conference and relating to the areas of enterprise, business process and information systems modeling: The 20th International Conference on Business Process Modeling, Development and Support, BPMDS 2019, and the 24th International Conference on Evaluation and Modeling Methods for Systems Analysis and Development, EMMSAD 2019. The conferences took place in Rome, Italy, in June 2019. The 7 full and 2 short papers accepted for BPMDS were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 20 submissions; for EMMSAD 15 full papers were accepted from 38 submissions. The papers were organized in topical sections named as follows: BPMDS: large and complex business process modeling and development; execution and understandability of declarative process models; novel approaches in enterprise modeling; transformative business process modeling, development, and support. EMMSAD: foundations of modeling and method engineering; enterprise process and capability modeling; information systems and requirements modeling; domain-specific and ontology modeling; and evaluation of modeling approaches.
Download or read book Software Reuse written by James W. Hooper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Observers in the present usually have an advantage when it comes to interpreting events of the past. In the case of software reuse, how ever, it is unclear why an idea that has gained such universal accep tance was the source of swirling controversy when it began to be taken seriously by the software engineering community in the mid-1980's. From a purely conceptual point of view, the reuse of software de signs and components promises nearly risk-free benefits to the devel oper. Virtually every model of software cost and development effort predicts first-order dependencies on either products size or the num ber of steps carried out in development. Reduce the amount of new product to be developed and the cost of producing the product de creases. Remove development steps, and total effort is reduced. By reusing previously developed engineering products the amount of new product and the number of development steps can be reduced. In this way, reuse clearly has a major influence on reducing total development cost and effort. This, of course, raises the issue of from whence the reused products arise. There has to be a prior investment in creating "libraries of reuse products before reuse can be successfuL . . " How can organizations with a "bottom line" orientation be enticed into contributing to a reuse venture? Fortunately, the economics of reuse l resembles many other financial investment situations .
Download or read book Productive Objects written by Robert J. Muller and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 1997-08 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduces, in simple text and photographs, the characteristics of some of the animals and plants that can be found in the forest. Includes a chipmunk, box turtle, fern, bull moose, moth, ermine, and white birch.
Download or read book Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology written by Chan Sin-wai and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-04-26 with total page 877 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Technology, second edition, provides a state-of-the-art survey of the field of computer-assisted translation. It is the first definitive reference to provide a comprehensive overview of the general, regional, and topical aspects of this increasingly significant area of study. The Encyclopedia is divided into three parts: Part 1 presents general issues in translation technology, such as its history and development, translator training, and various aspects of machine translation, including a valuable case study of its teaching at a major university; Part 2 discusses national and regional developments in translation technology, offering contributions covering the crucial territories of China, Canada, France, Hong Kong, Japan, South Africa, Taiwan, the Netherlands and Belgium, the United Kingdom, and the United States; Part 3 evaluates specific matters in translation technology, with entries focused on subjects such as alignment, concordancing, localization, online translation, and translation memory. The new edition has five additional chapters, with many chapters updated and revised, drawing on the expertise of over 50 contributors from around the world and an international panel of consultant editors to provide a selection of chapters on the most pertinent topics in the discipline. All the chapters are self-contained, extensively cross-referenced, and include useful and up-to-date references and information for further reading. It will be an invaluable reference work for anyone with a professional or academic interest in the subject.
Download or read book Software Maintenance A Management Perspective written by Phaneendra Nath Vellanky and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2007-10-23 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer systems play an important role in our society. Software drives those systems. Massive investments of time and resources are made in developing and implementing these systems. Maintenance is inevitable. It is hard and costly. Considerable resources are required to keep the systems active and dependable. We cannot maintain software unless maintainability characters are built into the products and processes. There is an urgent need to reinforce software development practices based on quality and reliability principles. Though maintenance is a mini development lifecycle, it has its own problems. Maintenance issues need corresponding tools and techniques to address them. Software professionals are key players in maintenance. While development is an art and science, maintenance is a craft. We need to develop maintenance personnel to master this craft. Technology impact is very high in systems world today. We can no longer conduct business in the way we did before. That calls for reengineering systems and software. Even reengineered software needs maintenance, soon after its implementation. We have to take business knowledge, procedures, and data into the newly reengineered world. Software maintenance people can play an important role in this migration process. Software technology is moving into global and distributed networking environments. Client/server systems and object-orientation are on their way. Massively parallel processing systems and networking resources are changing database services into corporate data warehouses. Software engineering environments, rapid application development tools are changing the way we used to develop and maintain software. Software maintenance is moving from code maintenance to design maintenance, even onto specification maintenance. Modifications today are made at specification level, regenating the software components, testing and integrating them with the system. Eventually software maintenance has to manage the evolution and evolutionary characteristics of software systems. Software professionals have to maintain not only the software, but the momentum of change in systems and software. In this study, we observe various issues, tools and techniques, and the emerging trends in software technology with particular reference to maintenance. We are not searching for specific solutions. We are identifying issues and finding ways to manage them, live with them, and control their negative impact.
