Download or read book Procalcitonin guided Antibiotic Therapy written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Procalcitonin Guided Antibiotic Therapy written by U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sepsis is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality for which clinical diagnostic criteria lack sensitivity and specificity. Early initiation of appropriate antibiotics and goal-directed therapies reduces mortality. Conversely, overuse and misuse of antibiotics, including continuing antibiotics longer than necessary for cure, can result in adverse events and add to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance. Although critically ill patients in the intensive care units (ICUs) have higher morbidity and mortality rates, the same issues are also relevant to other clinical conditions, including neonatal sepsis, febrile illness in children, pneumonia, and other respiratory tract infections with respect to the initiation, duration, or change in antibiotic therapy. Again, the duration of antibiotic therapy is often undefined, and clinical features are of limited help in guiding discontinuation of therapy. Several serum biomarkers have been identified in recent years that have the potential to help diagnose local and systemic infections, differentiate bacterial and fungal infections from viral syndromes or noninfectious conditions, prognosticate, and ultimately guide management, particularly of antibiotic therapy. Among these, procalcitonin is the most extensively studied biomarker. Numerous studies have investigated the potential roles of procalcitonin in diagnosing and managing local and systemic infections. There is some evidence that procalcitonin is more specific for bacterial infections, with serum levels rising at the onset of infection and falling rapidly as the infection resolves, as compared with other markers. However, its clinical utility in diagnosing and managing patients with suspected infections remains unclear. The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize comparative studies examining the various uses of procalcitonin in the clinical management of patients with suspected local or systemic infection. The patient populations included critically ill adults with suspected sepsis or other serious bacterial infections, neonates with suspected early neonatal sepsis, patients with upper and lower respiratory tract infections, children with fever of unknown source, and postoperative patients with infections. Initial review of the literature during topic development and topic refinement suggested that the most common use for procalcitonin-guided management was in decisionmaking related to the initiation or discontinuation of antibiotic therapy in these various populations. This led us to construct an analytical framework that focused on the following Key Question. Key Question: In selected populations of patients with suspected local or systemic infection, what are the effects of using procalcitonin measurement plus clinical criteria for infection to guide initiation, discontinuation, or a change of antibiotic therapy when compared with clinical criteria for infection alone on: Intermediate outcomes, such as initiation, discontinuation, or change of antibiotic therapy; antibiotic use; and length of stay? Health outcomes, such as morbidity, mortality, function, quality of life, and adverse events of antibiotic therapy (persistent or recurrent infection, and antibiotic resistance)?
Download or read book Future Research Needs on Procalcitonin Guided Antibiotic Therapy written by U. S. Department Human Services and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-05-11 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sepsis is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality for which clinical diagnostic criteria lack sensitivity and specificity. Early initiation of appropriate antibiotics and goal directed therapies reduce mortality. Conversely, overuse and misuse of antibiotics, including continuing antibiotics longer than necessary for cure can result in adverse events and add to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance. Several serum biomarkers have been identified in recent years that have the potential to help diagnose local and systemic infections, differentiate bacterial and fungal infections from viral syndromes or noninfectious conditions, prognosticate, and ultimately guide management, particularly antibiotic therapy. Among these, procalcitonin is the most extensively studied biomarker. Numerous studies have investigated the potential roles of procalcitonin in diagnosing and managing local and systemic infections. However, its clinical utility in the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected infections remains unclear. A Comparative Effectiveness Review (CER) was prepared by the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association Technology Evaluation Center Evidence-based Practice Center (BCBSA TEC EPC) on Procalcitonin-Guided Antibiotic Therapy. The objective of the CER was to synthesize comparative studies examining the various uses of procalcitonin in the clinical management of patients with suspected local or systemic infection. The patient populations included those with suspected sepsis or other serious bacterial infections in critically ill adults, neonates with suspected early neonatal sepsis, patients with upper and lower respiratory tract infections, children with fever of unknown source, and postoperative patients with infection. The following Key Question formed the basis for the CER: In selected populations of patients with suspected local or systemic infection, what are the effects of using procalcitonin measurement plus clinical criteria for infection to guide initiation, discontinuation, or a change of antibiotic therapy, when compared with clinical criteria for infection alone on: Intermediate outcomes, such as initiation, discontinuation or change of antibiotic therapy, antibiotic usage, and length of stay? Health outcomes, such as morbidity, mortality, function, quality of life, and adverse events of antibiotic therapy (persistent or recurrent infection, and antibiotic resistance)? Five evidence gaps related to specific populations or comparators were identified in the CER. The evidence gaps are as follows: 1. What are the outcomes of procalcitonin guidance in subgroups of patients who are immunocompromised? 2. What are the outcomes of procalcitonin guidance in pediatric patients? 3. What are the outcomes of procalcitonin guidance in identifying patients at risk of infection who might benefit from pre-emptive antibiotic therapy? 4. Does the use of procalcitonin guidance reduce antibiotic resistance and antibiotic adverse events? 5. How does procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy compare to other approaches to reducing unnecessary antibiotic use, such as antibiotic stewardship programs and implementation of practice guidelines?
Download or read book Reducing Mortality in Critically Ill Patients written by Giovanni Landoni and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-08 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2nd edition of this book describes the recent techniques, strategies, and drugs that have been demonstrated by multicenter randomized trials to influence survival in critically ill, defined as those who have acute failure of at least one organ, due to either a pathological condition or a medical intervention, and require intensive care treatment. Each chapter focuses on a specific procedure, device, or drug. The scope is accordingly wide, with coverage of topics as diverse as noninvasive mechanical ventilation, protective ventilation, prone positioning, intravenous salbutamol in ARDS, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest, daily interruption of sedatives, tranexamic acid, diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin, albumin, growth hormone, glutamine supplementation, tight glucose control, supranormal oxygen delivery, and hydroxyethyl starch in sepsis. The topics selection was performed with the help of hundreds of specialists from dozens of countries; they expressed via web if they agreed or not with these topics and if they used them in their daily clinical practice. The clear text is supported by "how to do" sections and "key point" boxes that provide easily accessible practical information. Written by acknowledged international experts, Reducing Mortality in Critically Ill Patients is of interest for a wide variety of specialists, including intensivists, emergency doctors, and anesthesiologists.
Download or read book Future Research Needs on Procalcitonin guided Antibiotic Therapy written by Hussein Z. Noorani and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sepsis is a serious condition with high morbidity and mortality for which clinical diagnostic criteria lack sensitivity and specificity. Early initiation of appropriate antibiotics and goal-directed therapies reduce mortality. Conversely, overuse and misuse of antibiotics, including continuing antibiotics longer than necessary for cure can result in adverse events and add to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance. Several serum biomarkers have been identified in recent years that have the potential to help diagnose local and systemic infections, differentiate bacterial and fungal infections from viral syndromes or noninfectious conditions, prognosticate, and ultimately guide management, particularly antibiotic therapy. Among these, procalcitonin is the most extensively studied biomarker. Numerous studies have investigated the potential roles of procalcitonin in diagnosing and managing local and systemic infections. However, its clinical utility in the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected infections remains unclear.
Download or read book Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia written by Jordi Rello and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-06-30 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia is a book in which chapters are authored and the same topics discussed by North American and European experts. This approach provides a unique opportunity to view the different perspectives and points of view on this subject. Severe CAP is a common clinical problem encountered in the ICU setting. This book reviews topics concerning the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of SCAP. The discussions on the role of alcohol in severe CAP and adjunctive therapies are important topics that further our understanding of this severe respiratory infection.
Download or read book Sepsis Management in Resource limited Settings written by Arjen M. Dondorp and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-08 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. It constitutes a unique source of knowledge and guidance for all healthcare workers who care for patients with sepsis and septic shock in resource-limited settings. More than eighty percent of the worldwide deaths related to sepsis occur in resource-limited settings in low and middle-income countries. Current international sepsis guidelines cannot be implemented without adaptations towards these settings, mainly because of the difference in local resources and a different spectrum of infectious diseases causing sepsis. This prompted members of the Global Intensive Care working group of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) and the Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU, Bangkok, Thailand) - among which the Editors – to develop with an international group of experts a comprehensive set of recommendations for the management of sepsis in resource-limited settings. Recommendations are based on both current scientific evidence and clinical experience of clinicians working in resource-limited settings. The book includes an overview chapter outlining the current challenges and future directions of sepsis management as well as general recommendations on the structure and organization of intensive care services in resource-limited settings. Specific recommendations on the recognition and management of patients with sepsis and septic shock in these settings are grouped into seven chapters. The book provides evidence-based practical guidance for doctors in low and middle income countries treating patients with sepsis, and highlights areas for further research and discussion.
Download or read book Acute Respiratory Infections written by Wei Shen Lim and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-08-02 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the most common acute medical problem encountered in primary care. Not only are RTIs very common, the spectrum of disease is wide. Clinical management differs according to the characteristics of the infected host and infecting pathogen. Despite these features, there are currently no pocketbooks that bring together clinically relevant information on this broad and important subject area in an accessible and practical manner. This pocketbook offers a concise companion for health care professionals who manage patients with acute lung infections. The book covers aspects related to the diagnosis and initial management of these patients, with attention to specific infections which are notable for being difficult to manage, common or of particular clinical importance. The book will appeal to a wide variety of professionals in acute medicine, respiratory medicine, infectious diseases, primary care, and other internal medicine specialties.
Download or read book Procalcitonin written by Michael Meisner and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Community Acquired Pneumonia written by Norbert Suttorp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-01-19 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. The goal of this volume is to present state-of-the-art knowledge on epidemiology, clinical presentation, immunology, pathology, and diagnosis of CAP including the identification of "new pathogens". Therapeutic approaches, antibiotics resistance, disease management and vaccination strategies are also covered.
Download or read book Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations written by Jadwiga A. Wedzicha and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-09-22 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations covers the definition, diagnosis, epidemiology, mechanisms, and treatment associated with COPD exacerbations. This text also addresses imaging and how it plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and study of exacerbations.Written by today's top experts, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbat
Download or read book Procalcitonin guided algorithm to reduce length of antibiotic therapy in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock written by Andreas Hohn and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Public Health and Infectious Diseases written by Jeffrey Griffiths and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-03-09 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging infectious diseases may be defined as diseases being caused by pathogens only recently recognized to exist. This group of diseases is important globally, and the experience of the last 30 years suggests that new emerging diseases are likely to bedevil us. As the global climate changes, so changes the environment, which can support not only the pathogens, but also their vectors of transmission. This expands the exposure and effects of infectious disease and, therefore, the importance of widespread understanding of the relationship between public health and infectious disease. Public Health and Infectious Diseases brings together chapters that explain reasons for the emergence of these infectious diseases. These include the ecological context of human interactions with other humans, with animals that may host human pathogens, and with a changing agricultural and industrial environment, increasing resistance to antimicrobials, the ubiquity of global travel, and international commerce. - Features the latest discoveries related to influenza with a newly published article by Davidson Hamer and Jean van Seventer - Provides a listing of rare diseases that have become resurgent or spread their geographic distribution and are re-emergent - Highlights dengue and malaria, as well as agents such as West Nile and other arboviruses that have spread to new continents causing widespread concerns - Includes discussions of climate influencing the spread of infectious disease and political and societal aspects
Download or read book Evidence Based Infectious Diseases written by Dominik Mertz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an international team of authors specializing in microbiology and infectious disease, this new edition of Evidenced-based Infectious Diseases presents practical, up-to-date information on the care of individual patients suffering from infectious diseases. Each chapter addresses a series of focused clinical questions addressed in a systematic fashion, including a comprehensive literature search, and a rating of the quality of evidence using principles of the GRADE framework. Evidence-Based Infectious Diseases is the ideal reference work for all those involved with microbiology, infectious diseases, and clinical management.
Download or read book Clinical Approaches to Hospital Medicine written by Kevin Conrad and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-09 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an update on recent clinical practice and an in-depth view of selected topics relevant to hospital medicine. It is divided into four sections that explore clinical, administrative, systems and ethical issues. Each section places an emphasis on the opportunities, challenges and potential directions of this bourgeoning subspecialty. An important topic covered extensively is how hospitalists are being called to lead on the current opioid epidemic, given that they are well-suited in responding to complicated challenges crossing all specialties. Other chapters explore worldwide practice patterns and practical application of philosophical tools in daily practice. This up-to-date resource provides hospitalists, advanced nurse practitioners, medical students and administrators with the latest research, trends and issues in hospital medicine.
Download or read book Managing the Critically Ill Child written by Richard Skone and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical, user-friendly guide to the management of sick children, written by experienced paediatric emergency physicians and anaesthetists.
Download or read book Biomarker written by Ghousia Begum and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the emerging use of biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for the identification of patients with an abnormal condition or as a tool for staging the extent of disease, as an indicator of disease prognosis. Chapters in Part I focus on biomarkers for cancer, including breast cancer and pancreatic cancer, as well as circulating microRNA profiling in cancer biomarker discovery. Chapters in Part II focus on biomarkers of other diagnoses/diseases, including sepsis, childhood renal diseases, pulmonary diseases, Alzheimer's, leishmaniasis, and heart failure. This book investigates the emerging use of biomarkers as a diagnostic tool for the identification of patients with an abnormal condition or as a tool for staging the extent of disease, as an indicator of diseases prognosis. The book is of considerable importance for a broad range of people including researchers, clinicians, and university students.
