Download or read book Pretreatment of Municipal Waste Activated Sludge for Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion and Volatile Sulfur Compounds Control written by Bipro Ranjan Dhar and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Biological Physical and Chemical Treatment of Waste Activated Sludge written by Antoine Prandota Trzcinski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, research efforts aiming to improve energy efficiency of wastewater treatment processes for large centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been increasing. Global warming impacts, energy sustainability, and biosolids generation are among several key drivers towards the establishment of energy-efficient WWTPs. WWTPs have been recognized as major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions as these are significant energy consumers in the industrialized world. The quantity of biosolids or excess waste activated sludge produced by WWTP will increase in the future due to population growth and this pose environmental concerns and solid waste disposal issues. Due to limited capacity of landfill sites, more stringent environmental legislation, and air pollution from incineration sites, there is a need to rethink the conventional way of dealing with wastewater and the sludge production that comes with it. This book provides an overview of advanced biological, physical and chemical treatment with the aim of reducing the volume of sewage sludge. Provides a comprehensive list of processes aiming at reducing the volume of sewage sludge and increasing biogas production from waste activated sludge. Includes clear process flowsheet showing how the process is modified compared to the conventional waste activated sludge process. Provides current technologies applied on full scale plant as well as methods still under investigation at laboratory scale. Offers data from pilot scale experience of these processes

Download or read book Effect of Acid and Base Pretreatment on the Anaerobic Digestion of Excess Municipal Sludge written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The treatment and disposal of sewage sludge is a growing problem worldwide due to the continuing increase in sludge production from biological wastewater treatment plants and recent stringent regulations regarding sludge treatment and disposal. To date, the primary disposal methods for the excess sludge produced are landfilling, incineration and application in agricultural or forestland [1]. The high water content of the sludge makes incineration expensive and faces restrictions on disposal in modern landfills due to the tendency to reduce the amount of organic matter applied. Agricultural use seems to be the best options but several constraints exist due to health related problems such as odors, heavy metals content or pathogens and hazardous compounds that may be present in the sludge preventing their use in farming [2]. In this context, anaerobic sludge digestion represents a good sludge treatment alternative, decreasing the amount of solids present in the sludge with consequent reductions in disposal cost. Furthermore, we have to consider the advantage represented by energy recovery in the form of methane production that can be utilized as an energy source at the facility [3]. The present research project evaluates the combined use of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for sludge chemical pretreatment to improve the performance of anaerobic digestion by extending the effectiveness of solids hydrolysis which is considered the rate-limiting step in the process [4]. The effect of temperature and the length of pre-treatment were initially evaluated to optimize the pretreatment process prior to use of any anaerobic treatment. Once the results of this experiment are analyzed, the performance of anaerobic digestion with chemical pretreatment using different combinations of primary and waste activated sludge pretreatment with either acid or base was studied. Two different SRTs for anaerobic digestion, 10 and 20 days, were investigated using duplicate reactors for each condition. Two reactors (number 1 and 6), used as control, were fed with a mixture of untreated primary and waste activated sludge in a mass ratio 1:1 with a combined VSS concentration around 30 g/l. Two reactors (number 2 and 4) were fed with a mixture of primary sludge pretreated with HCl and activated sludge pretreated with NaOH. The last two reactors (number 3 and 5) were fed with a mixture of primary sludge treated with NaOH and activated sludge treated with HCl. The same primary and waste activated sludge mass ratio as the one used to feed the control reactors were maintained in the four reactors fed with the chemically pretreated sludge. Monitored parameters were: TSS, VSS, total and soluble COD, Total Kjheldahl Nitrogen (TKN), Ammonia, Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), pH, Phosphates, metals concentration, fecal coliforms concentration and gas production and composition. As expected, the results showed that 20 days SRT provided higher VSS and COD removal than 10 days SRT for all the three configurations evaluated. For both SRTs, the mixture of primary sludge treated with NaOH and activated sludge treated with HCl resulted in higher VSS and COD removal. VSS removal averaged from 37.2% in reactor 1 and 38.6% in reactor 6 for the 10 days SRT. Increasing the SRT to 20 days led to 46.6% and 44% VSS removal for reactor 1 and 6, respectively. Reactors 2 and 4 led to an overall average VSS removal of 44% for the 10 days SRT experiment which increased to around 50% in both reactors during the 20 days SRT experiment. For both SRTs, reactors 3 and 5 provided the highest average solids reduction with values around 46% for 10 days treatment and close to 53% for 20 days SRT (Chapter 7.2.1). It has to be considered that, in terms of maximum solids destruction, for the 10 days SRT experiment, a highest solids removal value of 47.8% was achieved in reactor 3 while 56.7% removal was obtained in reactor 5 when the SRT increased to 20 days. A similar trend was obtained when the COD removal has been considered. The two control reactors, 1 and 6, averaged from the 37.2% and 38.1% removal for the 10 days SRT experiment to values around 45% when the SRT was increased to 20 days. An overall average COD removal of 44.5 and 43.2% was achieved in reactors 2 and 4, respectively, for the 10 days SRT experiment and increased to around 47% in both reactors when the SRT was increased to 20 days. For both SRTs, reactors 3 and 5 provided the highest average COD removal with values around 45% for 10 days treatment experiment and close to 51% for 20 days SRT. For both retention times, all reactors exhibited good reproducibility in the replicates. Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) concentration was very low for both 10 and 20 days SRT in all reactors and weekly gas analysis exhibited a methane content of approximately 65%, meaning good overall performance of anaerobic digestion. The research proposed showed that anaerobic sludge digestion can be successfully used as sludge treatment alternative to reduce the amount of solids present in the sludge, with consequent reductions in disposal costs. Furthermore, compared with other sludge pretreatment options, the combined use of strong acid and strong base as chemical sludge pretreatment resulted in a good balance between solids reduction, process stability and cost reduction.

Download or read book Improved Anaerobic Digestion of Waste Activated Sludge with Chemical Pretreatment written by Jih-Gaw Lin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced and Emerging Technologies for Resource Recovery from Wastes written by Laleh Nazari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces advanced or emerging technologies for conversion of wastes into a variety of high-value chemicals and materials. Energy and resources can be recovered from various residential, industrial and commercial wastes, such as municipal wastewater and sludge, e-waste, waste plastics and resins, crop residues, forestry residues and lignin. Advanced waste-to-resource and energy technologies like pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction, fractionation, de-polymerization, gasification and carbonization are also introduced. The book serves as an essential guide to dealing with various types of wastes and the methods of disposal, recovery, recycling and re-use. As such it is a valuable resource for a wide readership, including graduate students, academic researchers, industrial researchers and practitioners in chemical engineering, waste management, waste to energy and resources conversion and biorefinery.

Download or read book Analysis of Sludge Pretreatments for Conventional Anaerobic Digestion Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Étienne Louis Bordeleau and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Issues in Biotechnology and Medical Technology Research and Application 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issues in Biotechnology and Medical Technology Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Biotechnology. The editors have built Issues in Biotechnology and Medical Technology Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Biotechnology in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Biotechnology and Medical Technology Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Download or read book Waste Activated Sludge Pre treatment with Chlorine Dioxide written by Abisola Olubodun and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A number of advanced pre-treatment techniques and methods have been evaluated for the sole purpose of improving digestibility of waste activated sludge. The pre-treatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) offers the benefit of releasing solubilized substrates, making them readily available to be utilized in the anaerobic digestion process. Other potential benefits include: reducing shock loading to the digester, improving overall digestibility and potentially providing filament / foaming control. Chlorine dioxide, a well-known disinfectant and oxidizing agent has been utilized in many drinking water processes around the world. Its use in wastewater treatment processes however is limited; especially in Canada where legislation has prevented its use for final effluent disinfection. As an oxidizing agent, chlorine dioxide induces cell rupture resulting in the release of soluble material, which when fed into the digester, may serve as readily available substrate for active microorganisms. This mode of action creates the potential for chlorine dioxide to be used as a sludge pre-treatment agent to improve digester performance and in alleviating pre-existing filamentous sludge bulking. This study was conducted using waste activated sludge obtained from the City of Winnipeg's South End Water Pollution Control Centre (SEWPCC), with the following objectives: 1. Determine the efficacy of chlorine dioxide in alleviating pre-existing filamentous sludge bulking; 2. Determine chlorine dioxide ability to increase WAS solubilization; and 3. Define impact of chlorine dioxide on anaerobic digester performance. WAS pre-treatment using chlorine dioxide was found to be effective in alleviating filamentous bulking. This is significant as filamentous bulking in the activated sludge may lead several problems downstream. Following pre-treatment, sludge bulking was determined to be alleviated as observed by photomicrographic evidence and as measured by a 57% decrease in the stirred sludge volume index (sSVI). Particulate COD solubilization increased by 60%, 76%, and 74% over the untreated sludge for WAS pre-treated with 25, 50, and 100 mg ClO2/L (v/v), respectively. The pre-treatment of sludge using chlorine dioxide did not have any negative impact on digester performance although it also did not lead to improved performance. The volatile solids destruction and COD removal remained unchanged for both untreated and pre-treated sludge. Chlorine dioxide pre-treatment did not affect anaerobic digestion even at the lowest SRT evaluated; it is possible to decrease the digester SRT to as low as 6 days while maintaining the solids destruction and COD removal capability. Biogas production did not improve with increasing chlorine dioxide dosage during pre-treatment but also was not hindered by the pre-treatment agent. Chlorine dioxide was shown to alleviate filamentous bulking and improve solubility and has the potential to improve digester performance without negative impacts to the digester. However, the full benefit of the pre-treatment method may only be realized for complex "difficult to disintegrate" sludge types.

Download or read book The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-09-19 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical degradation process that converts complex organic material, such as animal manure, into methane and other byproducts. Part of the author's Wastewater Microbiology series, Microbiology of Anareboic Digesters eschews technical jargon to deliver a practical, how-to guide for wastewater plant operators.

Download or read book Sludge Reduction Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Paola Foladori and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07-31 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sludge Reduction Technologies in Wastewater Treatment Plants is a review of the sludge reduction techniques integrated in wastewater treatment plants with detailed chapters on the most promising and most widespread techniques. The aim of the book is to update the international community on the current status of knowledge and techniques in the field of sludge reduction. It will provide a comprehensive understanding of the following issues in sludge reduction: principles of sludge reduction techniques; process configurations; potential performance; advantages and drawbacks; economics and energy consumption. This book will be essential reading for managers and technical staff of wastewater treatment plants as well as graduate students and post-graduate specialists.

Download or read book Comparison of the Impacts of Thermal Pretreatment on Waste Activated Sludge Using Aerobic and Anaerobic Digestion written by Hyungjun Jo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal pretreatment systems are typically employed to improve waste-activated sludge (WAS) dewaterability and to treat sludge prior to anaerobic digestion. It is important to understand how WAS properties are affected during pretreatment to be able to assess the performances of processes utilizing pretreated WAS (PWAS). However, there are no generally accepted means of characterizing and comparing pretreatment processes. A pretreatment model for high temperature thermal hydrolysis was developed previously for one pretreatment condition. The motivation for this project stemmed from the need to extend the range of thermal pretreatment conditions to span the range of conditions commonly employed in practice and to evaluate the impact of these pretreatment conditions on WAS chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation. The two main objectives of this study were to fractionate the COD of WAS before and after pretreatment for several high temperature thermal pretreatment conditions and to compare the impact of pretreatment on aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability. The secondary objectives were to investigate how pretreatment affected the rate and extent of aerobic and anaerobic digestion of WAS. The data employed in this study was collected by others following the work of Staples-Burger (2012) and was generated by pretreatment of sludges at 125°C, 150°C, and 175°C for 10, 30 and 50 minutes. Physical and biochemical properties were measured for raw WAS (BR WAS) and PWAS. Offline and online respirometric data were used to evaluate the aerobic biodegradability of BR WAS and PWAS and to fractionate the COD of the BR WAS and PWAS. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests were conducted for BR WAS and PWAS to evaluate the anaerobic biodegradability of BR WAS and PWAS. BioWin® was used to aid in determining the WAS COD fractionation before and after pretreatment, and to determine whether pretreatment changed the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of the WAS. It was found that the high pressure thermal hydrolysis (HPTH) pretreatment conditions employed substantially solubilized the COD, organic nitrogen and volatile suspended solids (VSS) in the range of 30 - 55%, 23 - 41% and 30 - 89% respectively. Total COD (TCOD) was however not reduced by pretreatment indicating that organics were not mineralized. These findings closely agreed with the conclusions made in the literature. Pretreatment did not increase the overall extent to which WAS could be aerobically biodegraded. The fraction of non-biodegradable COD as represented by endogenous decay products (Ze) in the BR WAS were not converted to biodegradable form by pretreatment. However, pretreatment increased the rate at which WAS could be aerobically biodegraded as indicated by an increase in the fractions of readily biodegradable COD (Sbsc) in the PWAS. Pretreatment increased both the rate and extent of anaerobic biodegradability. The ultimate methane yield and the methane production rate were both increased when compared to the ultimate methane yield and methane production rate observed in BMP tests conducted on BR WAS. The experimental results were combined with BioWin® modeling to determine that the BR WAS consisted of 79% Zbh and 18% endogenous decay products (Ze). The endogenous decay products fraction remained at 18% through pretreatment and the concentration of active biomass (Zbh) in PWAS was deemed to be negligible. HPTH pretreatment at the employed temperatures and durations transformed the biodegradable fraction of BR WAS (Zbh) to 16.5 - 34.6% Sbsc and 45.8 - 63.6% slowly biodegradable COD (Xsp) of the TCOD concentration. The same PWAS COD fractionations were employed in anaerobic biodegradability test modeling and it was concluded that the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of PWAS was different. Up to 50% of the endogenous decay products were converted to biodegradable substrate (Xsp) due to HPTH pretreatment. It was determined that both pretreatment temperature and duration were important in solubilizing organic matter in the WAS. Increasing the pretreatment temperature and duration generally increased the organics solubilization. However, the impact of pretreatment temperature and duration on WAS COD fractions were inconclusive. The increase in organics solubilization did not correspond to how much of the biodegradable COD of BR WAS was converted to Sbsc by pretreatment.

Download or read book Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes written by J. Mata-Alvarez and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-08-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomethanization of the Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Wastes is a comprehensive introduction to both the fundamentals and the more practical aspects of the anaerobic digestion of organic solid wastes, particularly those derived from households, that is, the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW). It can be used as a textbook for specialized courses and also as a guide for practitioners. In the first part, the book covers the relevant aspects of anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic wastes. The fundamentals and kinetic aspects of AD are reviewed with particular emphasis on the aspects related to solid wastes. This introduction is necessary to have a comprehensive view of the AD process and to understand the practical principles as well as the origin of possible problems arising from the management of the process. Chapter 2 emphasizes the role of kinetics in designing the reactor, paying special attention to existing models, particularly the dynamic ones. Through this introduction, it is intended to facilitate the technology transfer from laboratory or pilot plant experiences to full-scale process, in order to implement improvements in current digesters. Laboratory methods are described for the analysis and optimization of reactor performance, such as methanogenic activity tests or experimental evaluation of the biodegradation kinetics of solid organic waste. The different reaction patterns applied to industrial reactors are outlined. Industrial reactors are classified in accordance with the system they use, pointing out advantages and limitations. Co-digestion, enabling the co-treatment of organic wastes of different origin in a more economically feasible way, is described in detail. Examples of co-digestion are given, with OFMSW as a base-substrate. Finally, full-scale co-digestion plants are discussed. Various types (mechanical, biological, physico-chemical) of pre-treatment to increase the biodegradability, and thus the yields of the process, are reviewed in detail. The use of the fermentation products of anaerobic digesters for biological nutrient removal processes in wastewater treatment plants is described. This constitutes an example of integrated waste management, a field in which both economic and technical advances can be achieved. Balances are given to justify the approach, and a full-scale case study is presented. The important topic of economics and the ecological advantages of the process are emphasized. The use of compost, the integration with composting technology, and advantages over other technologies are detailed in the framework of an environmental impact assessment of biowaste treatment. Finally, the anaerobic digestion of MSW in landfills is reviewed in detail, with emphasis on landfill process enhancement and strategies for its application.

Download or read book Food Waste to Valuable Resources written by Rajesh Banu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food Waste to Valuable Resources: Applications and Management compiles current information pertaining to food waste, placing particular emphasis on the themes of food waste management, biorefineries, valuable specialty products and technoeconomic analysis. Following its introduction, this book explores new valuable resource technologies, the bioeconomy, the technoeconomical evaluation of food-waste-based biorefineries, and the policies and regulations related to a food-waste-based economy. It is an ideal reference for researchers and industry professionals working in the areas of food waste valorization, food science and technology, food producers, policymakers and NGOs, environmental technologists, environmental engineers, and students studying environmental engineering, food science, and more. - Presents recent advances, trends and challenges related to food waste valorization - Contains invaluable knowledge on of food waste management, biorefineries, valuable specialty products and technoeconomic analysis - Highlights modern advances and applications of food waste bioresources in various products' recovery

Download or read book Anaerobic Technology in Pulp and Paper Industry written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-14 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a state-of-the-art report on the treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents using anaerobic technology. It covers a comprehensive range of topics, including the basic reasons for anaerobic treatment, comparison between anaerobic and aerobic treatment, effluent types suitable for anaerobic treatment, design considerations for anaerobic treatment, anaerobic reactor configurations applied for treatment of pulp and paper industry effluents, present status of anaerobic treatment in pulp and paper industry, economic aspects, examples of full scale installations and future trends.

Download or read book Innovative Sludge Pretreatment Technologies and Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion written by Weigang Yi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Odor Control in Wastewater Treatment Plants written by and published by American Society of Civil Engineers. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Steam explosion Pretreatment of Municipal Sludge to Enhance Anaerobic Digestion microform written by Marcela Dereix and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2005 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: