Download or read book Prespacetime Journal Volume 3 Issue 1 written by Quantum Dream Inc. and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-01-31 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prespacetime Journal ("PSTJ," http: //www.prespacetime.com) is a publication in which physicists, mathematicians and other learned scholars publish their research results and express their views on the origin, nature and mechanism of spacetime and its possible connection to a prespacetime. It is also a journal where all learned scholars can present their models and experimental results on elemental particles, fundamental forces including gravity and related topics. This is PSTJ Volume 3 Issue 1 first published in January 2012. It is entitled "Topics on QM, Special Relativity, GR Solutions & Time Fractional Formalism" and contains following articles: (1) Reflections on an Unromantic Brief Encounter with an Onto-Epic Quantum Physicist; (2) Observer Is Absolute Reference Frame Originated Inside Fundamental Vacuum; (3) New Understanding of Time Measurement; (4) Special Theory of Relativity without Imaginary X4 = ict Coordinate; (5) Proposed Coordinate System in which gaa=0 and the Line Element for Plane Gravitational Waves of Type Z=(t1-t2+t3)/([sqrt3]z); (6) Five Dimensional Plane Wave Like Solutions of Field Equations of Finzi's Non-symmetric Unfied Field Theory; (7) Einstein Rosen Bulk Viscous Cosmological Solutions with Zero Mass Scalar Field in Lyra Geometry; (8) Plane Wave Solutions of the Field Equation in Bonnor & Schrodinger's Unified Field Theory Having Two Times Axes; (9) Time Fractional Formalism: Classical and Quantum Phenomena; and (10) Seminar Watch 2012.

Download or read book Prespacetime Journal Volume 3 Issue 3 written by Quantum Dream and published by . This book was released on 2012-03-18 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prespacetime Journal ("PSTJ," http://www.prespacetime.com) is a publication in which physicists, mathematicians and other learned scholars publish their research results and express their views on the origin, nature and mechanism of spacetime and its possible connection to a prespacetime. It is also a journal where all learned scholars can present their models and experimental results on elemental particles, fundamental forces including gravity and related topics.This is PSTJ Volume 3 Issue 3 first published in March 2012. It is a Focus Issue entitled "Fractal Universe & Various Aspects of Chaos" Featuring Chris King's Work and contains following articles: (1) Why the Universe is Fractal; (2) Exploring Quantum, Classical and Semi-classical Chaos in the Stadium Billiard; (3) Exploding the Dark Heart of Chaos: Part I ; (4) Exploding the Dark Heart of Chaos: Part II ; and (5) Exploding the Dark Heart of Chaos: Part III.

Download or read book Prespacetime Journal Volume 1 Issue 3 written by Quantum Dream Inc. and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2010-05-15 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prespacetime Journal ("PSTJ," http://www.prespacetime.com) is a publication in which physicists, mathematicians and other learned scholars publish their research results and express their views on the origin, nature and mechanism of spacetime and its possible connection to a prespacetime. It is also a journal where all learned scholars can present their models and experimental results on elemental particles, fundamental forces including gravity and related topics. This is PSTJ Volume 1 Issue 3 first published in May 2010. It is entitled "Other Possible Games in Town" and contains following articles: (1) Learning to Cooperate for Progress in Physics; (2) Mathematics Is Physics; (3) It is not Higgs; (4) Weak Form of Electric-magnetic Duality, Electroweak Massivation, and Color Confinement; (5) How to Define Generalized Feynman Diagrams; (6) Nonlinear Theory of Elementary Particles: I.Choice of Axiomatics and Mathematical Apparatus of Theory; (7) "Electroweak Forces" Acting on TE, TM, TEM; (8) Equivalent Waveguide Representation for Dirac Plane Waves; (9) Radar Scattering as a "Gauge Theory"; (10) The Modern Analysis of the Problem of Multisecting an Angle; and (11) “Crackpots” Who Were Right II. It also contain one 2 News Articles about viXra.org & LHC and 5 Book Reviews.

Download or read book Prespacetime Journal Volume 3 Issue 10 written by Quantum Dream Inc. and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prespacetime Journal ("PSTJ," http: //www.prespacetime.com) is a publication in which physicists, mathematicians and other learned scholars publish their research results and express their views on the origin, nature and mechanism of spacetime and its possible connection to a prespacetime. It is also a journal where all learned scholars can present their models and experimental results on elemental particles, fundamental forces including gravity and related topics. This is PSTJ Volume 3 Issue 10 first published in August 2012. It is entitled "Progress in Physics" and contains following articles: (1) The Gravitational Field of an Accelerating Mass: Gravitational Waves; (2) On a New Position Space Doubly Special Relativity Theory; (3) TGD Counterpart for Higgs-like Particle; (4) M8 - M4 x CP2 Duality, Preferred Extremals, Criticality & Mandelbrot Fractals; (5) The Pioneer Anomaly; (6) Return of String Theory to Symmetry & SUSY 2012; (7) LHC Update for August 2012; (8) New Science Prize Setup by Yuri Milner; and (9) Ray B. Munroe Jr. 1958-2012: Advocate of Geometric Approach to GUT.

Download or read book Prespacetime Journal Volume 3 Issue 14 written by Quantum Dream and published by . This book was released on 2013-01-02 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prespacetime Journal ("PSTJ," http://www.prespacetime.com) is a publication in which physicists, mathematicians and other learned scholars publish their research results and express their views on the origin, nature and mechanism of spacetime and its possible connection to a prespacetime. It is also a journal where all learned scholars can present their models and experimental results on elemental particles, fundamental forces including gravity and related topics.This is PSTJ Volume 3 Issue 14 first published in December 2012. It is entitled "A Foundational Approach to Physics:Nilpotent Quantum Mechanics & Its Applications" Featuring Peter Rowlands' Work and contains following articles: (1) A Foundational Approach to Physics; (2) The Factor 2 in Fundamental Physics; (3) Removing Redundancy in Relativistic Quantum Mechanics; (4) What Is Vacuum? (5) Are There Alternatives to Our Present Theories of Physical Reality? (6) Physical Interpretations of Nilpotent Quantum Mechanics; and (7) A Foundational Approach to Physics: Nilpotent Quantum Mechanics & Its Applications.

Download or read book Prespacetime Journal Volume 3 Issue 8 written by Quantum Dream Inc. and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-06-30 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prespacetime Journal ("PSTJ," http: //www.prespacetime.com) is a publication in which physicists, mathematicians and other learned scholars publish their research results and express their views on the origin, nature and mechanism of spacetime and its possible connection to a prespacetime. It is also a journal where all learned scholars can present their models and experimental results on elemental particles, fundamental forces including gravity and related topics. This is PSTJ Volume 3 Issue 8 first published in June 2012. It is entitled "The Eve of Exciting News in Particle Physics" and contains following articles: (1) ICHEP Preparations, July 4th Higgs Update at CERN & Several Higgs Webcasts; (2) ICHEP Higgs Rumours = Discovery? (3) Higgs Discovery on the Brink, but Is It the Higgs? & What Is the Deal with H to WW? (4) Comparison of the Fractional Response of a RLC Network and RC Circuit; (5) On Lorentz-invariant Theory of Gravitation Part 2: The Nature of Pre-spacetime & Its Geometrization; (6) Bianchi Type V Dark Energy Model in Brans-Dicke Theory of Gravitation; (7) Bayes and String Theory; and (8) LHC June 2012 Update.

Download or read book Prespacetime Journal Volume 3 Issue 15 written by Quantum Dream and published by . This book was released on 2013-01-03 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prespacetime Journal ("PSTJ," http://www.prespacetime.com) is a publication in which physicists, mathematicians and other learned scholars publish their research results and express their views on the origin, nature and mechanism of spacetime and its possible connection to a prespacetime. It is also a journal where all learned scholars can present their models and experimental results on elemental particles, fundamental forces including gravity and related topics.This is PSTJ Volume 3 Issue 15 first published in December 2012. It is entitled "End of Year Higgs Roundup & Other Topics" and contains following articles: (1) End of Year Higgs Roundup; (2) Do Geometric Invariants of Preferred Extremals Define Topological Invariants of Space-time Surface and Code for Quantum Physics? (3) Bianchi Type-II, VIII & IX Magnetized Cosmological Models in Lyra Geometry; (4) Five Dimensional Plane Wave-like Solutions of Field Equations of Israel and Trollope in Peres Space-time; (5) View about Higgs from the Perspective of Recent Development in TGD; (6) FQXi Results & Analysis; (7) LHC End of Proton-run Update & a Christmas Rumour; and (8) The Particle at the End of the Universe & Colliding Particles.

Download or read book Prespacetime Journal Volume 3 Issue 12 written by Quantum Dream Inc. and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-10-31 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prespacetime Journal ("PSTJ," http: //www.prespacetime.com) is a publication in which physicists, mathematicians and other learned scholars publish their research results and express their views on the origin, nature and mechanism of spacetime and its possible connection to a prespacetime. It is also a journal where all learned scholars can present their models and experimental results on elemental particles, fundamental forces including gravity and related topics. This is PSTJ Volume 3 Issue 12 first published in October 2012. It is entitled "Fundamental Problems in Modern Physics" and contains following articles: (1) Unitarity, Locality and Spacetime Geometry: Foundations that Are Not Foundations; (2) Physics Needs a Physical Theory of Observation; (3) The Universe - an Effect without Cause; (4) Crisis in Physics: Causes of the Crisis & Ways Out of It; (5) What Is the Meaning of Fractional Electric Charges? (6) On New Virtual Scalar Particles in Quantum Field Theory; (7) Dynamic Instability of the Standard Model & the Fine-Tuning Problem; (8) Kantowski-Sachs String Cosmological Models in Sen-Dunn Theory of Gravitation; (9) Is There Evidence for a Charged Higgs Boson? (10) Algebraic Long-Time Decay in Fractional Classical Mechanics; and (11) Nobel Prize in Physics 2012.

Download or read book Prespacetime Journal Volume 3 Issue 7 written by Quantum Dream Inc. and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-05-29 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prespacetime Journal ("PSTJ," http: //www.prespacetime.com) is a publication in which physicists, mathematicians and other learned scholars publish their research results and express their views on the origin, nature and mechanism of spacetime and its possible connection to a prespacetime. It is also a journal where all learned scholars can present their models and experimental results on elemental particles, fundamental forces including gravity and related topics. This is PSTJ Volume 3 Issue 7 first published in May 2012. It is entitled "The Hunt for the Higgs Boson & the Final Prize" and contains following articles: (1) If There Is a Nobel Prize for the Higgs Boson, Who Will Get It? (2) The Classical Canonical Presentation of Any Quantum System upon Quantization Opens a Door to the System's Proliferation; (3) Quantum Adeles and Quantum Hilbert Spaces; (4) Exact Vacuum Solutions of Five-Dimensional Bianchi Type-I Space-Time in f (R) Theory of Gravity; (5) Kantowaski-Sachs Dark Energy Cosmological Model in a Saez-Ballester Theory of Gravitation; (6) Educational Horizons and the Frontiers of Science; (7) Bayesian Statistics and SUSY; (8) Review of Physics on the Fringe; (9) LHC Update: Another Week, Another Inverse Femtobarn; (10) Higgs Combination Applet & 4th FQXi Essay Contest; and (11) Maxwell's Theory of Gravity and Thermodynamics.

Download or read book Electron Model Based on Helmholtz s Electron Vortex Theory Kolmogorov s Theory of Turbulence written by Victor Christianto and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we explore a new electron model based on Helmholtz’s electron vortex and Kolmogorov theory of turbulence. We also discuss a new model of origination of charge and matter.

Download or read book Prespacetime Journal Volume 5 Issue 1 written by Quantum Dream Inc. and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-02-01 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prespacetime Journal ("PSTJ," http: //www.prespacetime.com) is a publication in which physicists, mathematicians and other learned scholars publish their research results and express their views on the origin, nature and mechanism of spacetime and its possible connection to a prespacetime. It is also a journal where all learned scholars can present their models and experimental results on elemental particles, fundamental forces including gravity and related topics. This is PSTJ Volume 5 Issue 1 first published in January 2014. It is entitled "Standard Model, Causal Structure, Modified GR & Origin of Gravity" and contains following articles: (1) Limitations of Perturbative Renormalization and the Challenges of the Standard Model; (2) On the Causal Structure of the Universe; (3) Magnetized Kerr Geometry; (4) FRW Cosmology for Decay Law with Time-varying G, lambda & q; (5) A Brief Note on Graphene and High Energy Physics; and (6) The Connection between Quantum Mechanics & Gravity.

Download or read book Prespacetime Journal Volume 3 Issue 9 written by Quantum Dream and published by . This book was released on 2012-07-31 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prespacetime Journal ("PSTJ," http://www.prespacetime.com) is a publication in which physicists, mathematicians and other learned scholars publish their research results and express their views on the origin, nature and mechanism of spacetime and its possible connection to a prespacetime. It is also a journal where all learned scholars can present their models and experimental results on elemental particles, fundamental forces including gravity and related topics.This is PSTJ Volume 3 Issue 9 first published in July 2012. It is a Special Issue entitled "Great Triumph in 21st Century Particle Physics: The Discovery of a New Particle & the Aftermath" and contains following articles: (1) The Higgs Boson and the Power of Consistency; (2) A Great Triumph in 21st Century Particle Physics: The Discovery of a New Particle & the Aftermath; (3) Higgs Live, viXra Combinations and Congratulations - It's an Boson; (4) Tevatron Squeeze 2.9 Sigma Higgs Signal; (5) A Review of Higgs Particle Physics; (6) Is It Really Higgs? (7) The Higgs Boson; (8) Crossroads on Way to Single Mathematical Particle; (9) Are Unofficial Higgs Combinations Valid? Unofficial Higgs Discovery with 2011 Data and H --> WW Revisited; (10) Decomposing Electromagnetism's Four-potential into Quantizable and non-Quantizable Parts via Conserved Spacelike Projections of the Four-current; (11) Preferred Extremals of Kahler Action & Solutions of the Modified Dirac Equation; (12) Hunting the Higgs Boson Using the Cholky Decomposition of an Indefinite Matrix; (13) The Zero-mass Renormalization Group Differential Equations and Limit Cycles in Non-smooth Initial Value Problems; (14) Doppler Effect of Time and Space; (15) Who Will/Should Get the Nobel Prize for the Higgs Boson? and (16) Post-Higgs LHC Update.

Download or read book Collected Papers Volume XI written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2022-08-01 with total page 1018 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eleventh volume of Collected Papers includes 90 papers comprising 988 pages on Physics, Artificial Intelligence, Health Issues, Decision Making, Economics, Statistics, written between 2001-2022 by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 84 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 19 countries: Abhijit Saha, Abu Sufian, Jack Allen, Shahbaz Ali, Ali Safaa Sadiq, Aliya Fahmi, Atiqa Fakhar, Atiqa Firdous, Sukanto Bhattacharya, Robert N. Boyd, Victor Chang, Victor Christianto, V. Christy, Dao The Son, Debjit Dutta, Azeddine Elhassouny, Fazal Ghani, Fazli Amin, Anirudha Ghosha, Nasruddin Hassan, Hoang Viet Long, Jhulaneswar Baidya, Jin Kim, Jun Ye, Darjan Karabašević, Vasilios N. Katsikis, Ieva Meidutė-Kavaliauskienė, F. Kaymarm, Nour Eldeen M. Khalifa, Madad Khan, Qaisar Khan, M. Khoshnevisan, Kifayat Ullah,, Volodymyr Krasnoholovets, Mukesh Kumar, Le Hoang Son, Luong Thi Hong Lan, Tahir Mahmood, Mahmoud Ismail, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Siti Nurul Fitriah Mohamad, Mohamed Loey, Mai Mohamed, K. Mohana, Kalyan Mondal, Muhammad Gulfam, Muhammad Khalid Mahmood, Muhammad Jamil, Muhammad Yaqub Khan, Muhammad Riaz, Nguyen Dinh Hoa, Cu Nguyen Giap, Nguyen Tho Thong, Peide Liu, Pham Huy Thong, Gabrijela Popović, Surapati Pramanik, Dmitri Rabounski, Roslan Hasni, Rumi Roy, Tapan Kumar Roy, Said Broumi, Saleem Abdullah, Muzafer Saračević, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Shariful Alam, Shyamal Dalapati, Housila P. Singh, R. Singh, Rajesh Singh, Predrag S. Stanimirović, Kasan Susilo, Dragiša Stanujkić, Alexandra Şandru, Ovidiu Ilie Şandru, Zenonas Turskis, Yunita Umniyati, Alptekin Ulutaș, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vázquez, Binyamin Yusoff, Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas, Zhao Loon Wang.

Download or read book Prespacetime Journal Volume 3 Issue 6 written by Quantum Dream Inc. and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2012-04-29 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prespacetime Journal ("PSTJ," http://www.prespacetime.com) is a publication in which physicists, mathematicians and other learned scholars publish their research results and express their views on the origin, nature and mechanism of spacetime and its possible connection to a prespacetime. It is also a journal where all learned scholars can present their models and experimental results on elemental particles, fundamental forces including gravity and related topics.This is PSTJ Volume 3 Issue 6 first published in April 2012. It is entitled "On Fractional Calculus, Q-Computation, Lorentz-invariant Gravity, Axiomatic Method & Physical Intuition" and contains following articles: (1) Application of the Numerical Laplace Transform on the Simulation of Fractional Differential Equations; (2) Electromagnetic Transient Analysis of Networks Described by Equations of Fractional Order; (3) Computer Hardware of the Future: Will the Classical-wave Simulated “Long Qubyte” Trump the True-quantum Qubit? (4) On Lorentz-invariant Theory of Gravitation Part 1: Review; (5) Is Indeed Information Physical? (6) A Disconnect: Limitations of the Axiomatic Method in Physics; (7) "Physical Intuition": What Is Wrong with It? (8) Axially Symmetric Dark Energy Cosmological Model in Scalar Tensor Theory of Gravitation; and (9) LHC Update: 8 TeV Collisions Started & 1/fb Delivered.

Download or read book PSTJ Prespacetime Journal Volume 1 Issue 1 written by Quantum Dream Inc. and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2011-02-16 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prespacetime Journal ("PSTJ," http: //www.prespacetime.com) is a publication in which physicists, mathematicians and other learned scholars publish their research results and express their views on the origin, nature and mechanism of spacetime and its possible connection to a prespacetime. It is also a journal where all learned scholars can present their models and experimental results on elemental particles, fundamental forces including gravity and related topics. This is PSTJ Volume 1 Issue 1 first published in January 2010. It is entitled "Let All Truth Seekers Be the Vessels to Carry Physics Research to New Heights" and contains following articles: (1) Let All Truth Seekers Be the Vessels to Carry Physics Research to New Heights; (2) The Double Rotation as Invariant of Motion in Quantum Mechanics; (3) A Strategy for Proving Riemann Hypothesis; (4) Space-time Geometry Translated into the Hegelian and Intuitionist Systems; (5) Clifford Algebra and Dirac Equation for TE, TM in Waveguide; (6) Prespacetime Model of Elementary Particles, Four Forces & Consciousness; and (7) The Physical (Outer) Universe & the Inner Universe.

Download or read book Prespacetime Journal Volume 10 Issue 1 Dimensional Reduction Quantum Motion Memory of Nature Nature of Reality written by Quantum Dream Inc and published by Prespacetime Journal. This book was released on 2019-01-31 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is PSTJ Volume 10 Issue 1 first published in January, 2019. It is entitled "Dimensional Reduction, Quantum Motion, Memory of Nature & Nature of Reality" and contains the following articles: (1) Dimensional Reduction, Duality & Condensation Gravity; (2) Self-interacting Electron as Gauge Field under Separation of Absolute Quantum Motions; (3) On the Memory of Nature; (4) Does Coupling Constant Evolution Reduce to Cosmological Constant? (5) Two fluid Axially Symmetric Cosmological Model in f(R) Theory of Gravity; (6) Inflationary Scenario in Bianchi Type-V Spacetime with Variable Bulk Viscosity & Dark Energy in Radiation Dominated Phase; (7) Magnetized Anisotropic Dark Energy in the Spherical Symmetric Spacetime Admitting Conformal Motion; (8) Potentials for the Lanczos Spintensor in Gödel Spacetime; (9) Seesaw Approximation and Neutrino Mass Matrix; (10) Identities of Chen-Choi Involving the Euler-Mascheroni's Constant; (11) The Nature of Reality: Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument in Quantum Mechanics; (12) Prespacetime, Mind, Thought & Samapatti; (13) Schrodinger & Creation; (14) Electron Model Based Helmholtz's Electron Vortex & Kolmogorov's Theory of Turbulence; and (15) TGD View about Quasars.Prespacetime Journal ("PSTJ," http: //www.prespacetime.com) is a publication in which physicists, mathematicians and other learned scholars publish their research results and express their views on the origin, nature and mechanism of spacetime and its possible connection to a prespacetime. It is also a journal where all learned scholars can present their models and experimental results on elemental particles, fundamental forces including gravity and related topics.

Download or read book We are God Incarnate written by Alex Vary and published by Page Publishing Inc. This book was released on 2022-02-03 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book Alex Vary sets the stage for understanding our world and why we are in it. He agrees with Sir James Jeans and Professor John A. Wheeler that the cosmos originated as a thought that became material and tangible and that we participated in bringing into being not only the near and here but the far away and long ago. Vary gives examples of how we may traverse the entire cosmos and visit its worlds in spiritual chariots of thought. This implies that extraterrestrials from distant parts of the cosmos may also travel in spiritual chariots of thought to visit and inhabit Earth. Even institutionally accepted physics is often based on theoretical imaginings involving what Sir Roger Penrose termed fashion, faith, and fantasy. Vary argues the existence of adjacent realities - the mesostratum reality and the phyiostratum reality - which when taken together may form the basis of a new physics that can explain the interplay of the transcendent, the spiritual and the material. Vary introduces the idea of the mesostratum - by means of which we may realize and crystalize unique DNA structures, exotic mathematical objects and innovative ideas. According to Vary we are spiritual beings occupying bio-physical machines that are designed to survive the uncertain, often hostile and volatile, conditions of Earth. Our survival machines are essentially hedonistic while our spirits are essentially altruistic. This results in a conflict in which the machine may prevail if the spirit is weak or concedes control. World history testifies to this ongoing conflict which persists despite human and societal evolution. Vary claims that our transcendent consciousness combines our minds in a primordial consciousness. Our transcendent consciousness is in this sense unbounded and extraterrestrial. This may not be experimentally provable. It needs to be experienced. Examples of such experiences are abundant in the cited literature. We genuinely share oneness in God and in a primordial consciousness. This oneness allows us to materialize our spirits in a vast variety of living entities. There appears to be a basic spiritual awareness in intelligent, purposeful cells and the trillions of differentiated cells that form our bodies. Indeed, we are embodied spirits living in imperfect worlds and we attempt to evolve and to perfect our species and to improve our worlds.